Dynamics of Contentation

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 5
Title......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
Dedication......Page 9
Contents......Page 11
List of Figures and Tables......Page 13
Preface and Acknowledgments......Page 15
Abbreviations......Page 21
PART ONE What’s the Problem?......Page 25
1 What Are They Shouting About?......Page 27
Contentious Politics......Page 28
Contained and Transgressive Contention......Page 31
What’s News?......Page 33
From Polity Model to Dynamics of Contention......Page 34
Covering Laws and Recurrent Causes......Page 37
The Classic Social Movement Agenda......Page 38
Intellectual Resources......Page 44
The Relational Persuasion......Page 46
Merton’s Mechanisms......Page 48
Mechanisms and Processes......Page 51
Episodes......Page 52
Our Agenda......Page 56
Mobilization, Actors, Trajectories......Page 58
Mobilization in Montgomery......Page 62
Montgomery, Alabama, December 1955......Page 63
Toward a Dynamic Mobilization Model......Page 67
Putting Mobilization in Motion......Page 68
From Opportunity Structure to Attribution of Threat and Opportunity......Page 70
From Mobilizing Structures to Social Appropriation......Page 71
From Strategic Framing to Social Construction......Page 72
How Far Have We Come?......Page 74
Insurgent Parisians......Page 76
Who’s Who?......Page 79
Creating Republicans......Page 82
Contentious Italians......Page 87
Two Partial Models......Page 88
Mechanisms in Dynamic Processes of Contention......Page 91
Conclusion and Premise......Page 94
3 Comparisons, Mechanisms, and Episodes......Page 96
To Broaden Explanation’s Scope......Page 98
State Capacity and Democracy......Page 102
Common and Uncommon Foundations......Page 105
What Sort of Program Is This?......Page 108
Our Episodes......Page 109
PART TWO Tentative Solutions......Page 113
4 Mobilization in Comparative Perspective......Page 115
The Mau Mau Revolt......Page 116
Historical Change Processes in the Origins of Mau Mau......Page 117
Attribution of Threat and Opportunity in Postwar Kenya......Page 119
From Contained to Transgressive Contention......Page 122
Social Appropriation and Brokerage in Mau Mau......Page 126
Olenguruone......Page 127
Nairobi......Page 129
The Philippines Yellow Revolution......Page 131
Historical Change Processes in the Origins of the Yellow Revolution......Page 133
Attribution of Threat and Opportunity in the Yellow Revolution......Page 135
Social Appropriation and Brokerage in the Yellow Revolution......Page 138
The Dog That Didn’t Bark: The Absent Communists......Page 141
Differences in Aggregate Effects of Brokerage......Page 144
Differences in Aggregate Effects of Certification and Decertification......Page 145
5 Contentious Action......Page 148
Hindus versus Muslims in Panipur......Page 151
Individualistic and Relational Views of Identities......Page 154
Actors, Identities, and Actions......Page 156
Repertoires and Political Interaction......Page 161
Mechanisms......Page 166
Intersecting Mechanisms in South Asia......Page 172
Identity Mechanisms in South Africa......Page 175
Brokerage, Category Formation, Object Shift, and Certification......Page 181
6 Transformations of Contention......Page 184
Elites, Institutions, and Contentious Politics......Page 185
A Movement Cycle that Became a Revolution: Breakdown of the Antebellum Polity......Page 187
From Moral Abolition to Political Antislavery......Page 189
Identity Shift, North and South......Page 191
Brokerage and Radicalization......Page 193
Convergences Against Compromise......Page 194
A Civil War that Never Happened: The Spanish Transition to Democracy......Page 195
Institutional Containment of Contention......Page 197
An Authoritarian Regime......Page 198
Structural Change......Page 200
Contentious Politics in an Authoritarian Regime......Page 201
Repression and the Diffusion of Contention......Page 203
Identity Shift......Page 205
Brokerage......Page 207
Convergence and Radicalization......Page 208
Nineteenth Century America and Twentieth Century Spain......Page 210
What’s Going on Here?......Page 211
PART THREE Applications and Conclusions......Page 215
Between Origins and Outcomes in the Comparative Study of Revolution......Page 217
The Trajectory of Revolution in Nicaragua......Page 220
Mechanisms in Revolutionary Contention......Page 222
Infringement of Elite Interests......Page 223
Suddenly Imposed Grievances......Page 225
Decertification......Page 228
Contentious Politics in China 1973–1989......Page 231
Elite and Popular Contention in China......Page 232
The April 5th Movement......Page 234
The Democracy Wall Movement......Page 236
The Gengshen Reform Period......Page 237
Beijing, December 1986......Page 238
Beijing, Spring 1989......Page 239
Party Struggle and Mass Action......Page 242
Regime Defection in the Chinese Student Movement......Page 245
Contingency and Context......Page 247
Culture and the Comparative Study of Revolutions......Page 249
8 Nationalism, National Disintegration, and Contention......Page 251
Nationalism in Discourse, Nationalism in Practice......Page 252
Language, Ethnicity and Nationalism......Page 254
Statebuilding and Nationality......Page 256
Nationalism and Contention......Page 257
Italy: State-Building without Hegemony......Page 259
Revolution in the South......Page 261
Sicily in 1860: A Contentious Episode......Page 262
Opportunity Spirals......Page 267
Identity Shift......Page 268
Brokerage......Page 269
The Soviet Union and its Successors......Page 271
Opportunity Spirals......Page 276
Competition......Page 277
Brokerage......Page 278
Kazakh Contention......Page 279
Italian Integration versus Soviet Disintegration......Page 285
9 Contentious Democratization......Page 288
Definitions and Pathways......Page 289
Contention and Democratization......Page 292
Strong and Weak Paths to Democracy......Page 293
Processes and Mechanisms of Change......Page 298
Switzerland......Page 301
Swiss Inequality......Page 307
Swiss Trust Networks......Page 311
Mexico......Page 314
Mechanisms of Change in Mexico......Page 320
Mexican Inequalities......Page 324
Mexican Trust Networks......Page 325
Comparisons and Conclusions......Page 327
10 Conclusions......Page 329
Our Claims......Page 330
Methodological Implications......Page 332
A New Research Program for Contentious Politics......Page 335
Positive......Page 336
Three Robust Processes......Page 337
Actor Constitution......Page 339
Civil Rights in the United States......Page 342
The Cultural Revolution......Page 344
Polarization......Page 346
Communal Contenders in Maluku......Page 352
Scale Shift......Page 355
Student Scale Shift......Page 360
Rwandan Genocide......Page 361
Revisiting Scope Conditions......Page 364
What Next?......Page 367
History, Culture, and Local Knowledge......Page 369
References......Page 373
Index......Page 395