Dynamic Fluidic Sprinkler and Intelligent Sprinkler Irrigation Technologies

Contents
1 Introduction
	1.1 Research Background
	1.2 Types of Sprinklers Irrigation
		1.2.1 Impact Sprinkler
		1.2.2 Complete Fluidic Sprinkler
		1.2.3 Hand-Move Sprinkler System
		1.2.4 Solid Set and Permanent Systems
	1.3 Sprinkler Hydraulic Performance Parameters
		1.3.1 Sprinkler Discharge
		1.3.2 Patterns Radius (Throwing Distance)
		1.3.3 Water Application Rate or Intensity
		1.3.4 Distribution Pattern
		1.3.5 Sprinkler Droplet Size
		1.3.6 Sprinkler Irrigation Uniformity
		1.3.7 Methods of Measuring Droplet Size Distributions
	References
2 Optimization of the Fluidic Component of Complete Fluidic Sprinkler and Testing of the New Design Sprinkler
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Complete Fluidic and Outside Signal Sprinklers
	2.3 Design of Newly Dynamic Fluidic Sprinkler Head and Working Principle
		2.3.1 Working Principle
		2.3.2 Design of the Nozzles
		2.3.3 Experimental Setup and Procedure
		2.3.4 Results and Analysis of Orthogonal Tests
		2.3.5 Brief Summary
	2.4 Evaluation of Hydraulic Performance Characteristics of a Newly Designed Dynamic Fluidic Sprinkler
		2.4.1 Design of New Dynamic Fluidic Sprinkler Head
		2.4.2 Working Principle
		2.4.3 Experimental Procedures
		2.4.4 Computed Coefficient of Uniformity
		2.4.5 Results and Discussion
		2.4.6 Conclusion
	References
3 Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on Internal Flow Characteristic in the Dynamic Fluidic Sprinkler
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Materials and Methods
		3.2.1 Design of Newly Dynamic Fluidic Sprinkler Type
		3.2.2 Design of the Nozzles
		3.2.3 Numerical Simulation
	3.3 Results and Discussion
		3.3.1 Relationship Between Velocity Distribution and Nozzle Sizes
		3.3.2 Relationship Between Velocity and Length of the Tube
		3.3.3 Comparison of the Numerical Simulation, Calculated and Experimental Results
		3.3.4 Comparison of Rotation Speed and the Nozzle Sizes
		3.3.5 Relationship Between Rotation Speed and Length of the Tube
		3.3.6 Effect of Internal Velocity Distribution on Hydraulic Performance
	References
4 Effect of Riser Height on Rotation Uniformity and Application Rate of the Dynamic Fluidic Sprinkler
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Materials and Methods
		4.2.1 Experimental Procedures
		4.2.2 Evaluation of Sprinkler Performance
		4.2.3 Overlap Water Distribution
	4.3 Results and Discussion
		4.3.1 Quadrant Completion Time
		4.3.2 Deviation in Water Application Intensity
		4.3.3 Comparison of Water Distribution Profiles
		4.3.4 Overlap Distribution Analysis
	References
5 Comparative Evaluation of Hydraulic Performance of a Newly Design Dynamic Fluidic, Complete Fluidic, and D3000 Rotating Spray Sprinklers
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Structure and the Working Principle of Three Different Sprinkler Heads
		5.2.1 Experimental Setup and Procedure
		5.2.2 Calculation of Combined CUs, Droplet Sizes, and Velocities
	5.3 Results and Discussion
		5.3.1 Comparison of a Radius of Throw and Coefficient of Discharge at Different Operating Pressures
		5.3.2 Relationship Between Rotation Speed for Three Different Sprinkler Heads
		5.3.3 Comparison of Water Distribution Profiles
		5.3.4 Comparison of the Computed Uniformity Coefficient
		5.3.5 Spray Distributions in the Middle and End of the Range
		5.3.6 Droplet Size Distribution
		5.3.7 Droplet Characterization Statistic
		5.3.8 Droplet Velocity Distribution
	References
6 Modelling of Water Drop Movement and Distribution in No Wind and Windy Conditions for Different Nozzle Sizes
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Materials and Method
		6.2.1 Boundary Condition
		6.2.2 Model of Droplet Motion
		6.2.3 Empirical Model of the Drag Coefficient
		6.2.4 Droplet Travel Distance
		6.2.5 Estimation of the Droplet Size Distribution
		6.2.6 Experimental Procedure
		6.2.7 Model Verification
	6.3 Results and Discussion
		6.3.1 Comparison of the Measured Versus Predicted Droplet Size Diameter
		6.3.2 Comparison of the Measured Versus Predicted Droplet Sizes for Different Pressures
		6.3.3 Comparison Between Other Simulated Travel Distance
		6.3.4 Compare the Droplet Size Distribution Model Prediction in Zero and Windy Conditions
	References
7 Review of Intelligent Sprinkler Irrigation Technologies for Autonomous and Remote Sensing System
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Autonomous Sensor Irrigation Management Technologies
		7.2.1 Remote Access and Communications
		7.2.2 Distributed Wireless Sensor Networks
		7.2.3 Sensors and Integrated Data Management Schemes
		7.2.4 Sprinkler Control Options
	7.3 Conclusions and Future Work
	References