Durability of Building Sealants (Rilem Proceedings, 36)

BOOK COVER......Page 1
HALF-TITLE......Page 2
TITLE......Page 4
COPYRIGHT......Page 5
CONTENTS......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 13
1 Introduction......Page 16
2.2 Model sealant formulations......Page 18
2.4 Sample testing......Page 19
3.1 Commercial and laboratory prepared sealant formulations......Page 20
3.2 Designed Sealant Formulations......Page 28
4 Conclusions......Page 35
5 References......Page 37
1 Introduction......Page 39
2.2 Cure time and movement......Page 40
3 Results and discussion......Page 41
5 Future Work......Page 45
6 References......Page 46
STUDIES INTO THE LONG-TERM DURABILITY OF ELASTOMERIC BUILDING SEALANTS (PART 2)......Page 47
2.1 Tested materials......Page 48
2.2.1 Mechanical tests......Page 49
2.3.1 Accelerated ageing with fluorescent UV lamps and water condensation......Page 50
2.3.4 Combination of artificial weathering with acid rain......Page 51
2.3.7 Outdoor weathering......Page 52
3.2.1 The Arrhenius (ideal) correlation principle......Page 53
3.2.2 Artificial ageing......Page 54
3.2.3 Comparison of artificial ageing with natural weathering......Page 57
3.3 Verification trials on joint models......Page 60
3.4 Combination of accelerated ageing with mechanical cycling in extension and compression......Page 61
3.5.2 Thermal ageing or combined ageing......Page 62
4 References......Page 63
1 Introduction......Page 65
2.2 Sealant details......Page 67
2.3 Description of CSIRO accelerated adhesion test for sealants......Page 68
2.5 Testing for joint movement capability......Page 69
3.1 General comments......Page 70
3.2 Adhesion performance ranking for sealants and substrates......Page 73
3.3 Determination of sealant strength using the CSIRO test......Page 75
3.4 Further interpretation of the sealant strength value derived from the CSIRO test protocol......Page 76
4 Conclusions and recommendations......Page 80
5 References......Page 81
1 Introduction......Page 83
2 Theoretical background of the William-Landel-Ferry (WLF) approach for superimposing temperature and rate effects on material properties......Page 84
3.2 Substrate-sealant tensile specimens......Page 88
3.3 Test parameters for determining engineering properties of silicone adhesives......Page 90
4.1 Influence of adhesive bead geometry on joint strength......Page 91
ion capability .........Page 92
4.2.2 Application of WLF theory for strength master curves......Page 96
4.2.3 Extended WLF approach involving the geometry of visco-elastic materials......Page 98
5 Conclusions......Page 101
6 References......Page 103
NEW OPPORTUNITIES IN SEALANT DIAGNOSTICS THROUGH DYNAMIC MECHANICAL ANALYSIS AND MICRO—SPECIMEN TESTING......Page 104
2.1 Theoretical background......Page 105
2.1.3 Linear viscoelasticity......Page 106
2.2.1 Dynamic mechanical analysis......Page 107
2.2.2 Interpretation of the dynamic mechanical curves......Page 111
3.1.3 Specimen preparation......Page 113
3.2 Equipment......Page 114
4.1.1 Static modulus......Page 115
4.1.3 Comparison of Young’s modulus from static and dynamic tests......Page 116
4.2 Sealant tensile strength and elongation at failure......Page 118
5 Opportunities for sealant diagnostics through the use of micro-specimens and dynamic mechanical analysis......Page 120
5.1 Proposed diagnostics procedure......Page 121
5.2 Sealant diagnostics—an example......Page 122
6 References......Page 123
BUILDING JOINT MOVEMENT MONITORING AND DEVELOPMENT OF LABORATORY SIMULATION RIGS......Page 125
2 Buildings and joints......Page 126
3.1 Concept......Page 127
3.5 Concrete-clad building......Page 128
3.6 Aluminium-clad building......Page 129
4 Theoretical joint movements......Page 130
5.1 Concrete-clad building......Page 131
5.2 Aluminium-clad building......Page 132
5.3 Summary......Page 134
6.2 Engineering principles......Page 135
6.4 Mark 2 rig......Page 136
7.2 Experimental programme......Page 137
7.3 Results......Page 138
8 Key observations and conclusions......Page 140
10 References......Page 141
EFFECTS OF EARLY MOVEMENT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SEALED JOINTS......Page 143
1.2 Curing of sealant materials......Page 144
2.1 Materials......Page 145
2.2.1 Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) evaluation......Page 146
2.2.2 Mechanical joint testing......Page 147
3.1 One-part sealant materials......Page 149
3.2 Two-part sealant materials......Page 150
4.1 Joints made with one-part sealants......Page 151
4.2 Joints made with two-part sealants......Page 155
6 Implications and recommendations......Page 159
8 References......Page 160
CASE STUDIES ON THE INSPECTION AND RE-SEALING OF FAILED JOINT SYSTEMS......Page 162
1 Introduction......Page 163
2.1 Description of building and envelope system......Page 164
2.3 Inspection findings......Page 165
2.3.2 Recessed angle joints......Page 166
2.3.4 Parapet roof caps......Page 167
2.4.1 Re-seal details......Page 168
2.4.3 Re-seal inspection......Page 169
3.3.1 Roof level observations......Page 170
3.3.2 Observations from suspended equipment......Page 171
3.4.1 Re-seal details......Page 172
3.4.3 Re-seal inspection......Page 173
4.3.1 North elevation ground level......Page 174
4.3.3 Conclusions......Page 176
4.4.2 Re-seal procedure......Page 177
5 Review and discussion......Page 178
7 Recommendations......Page 180
9 References......Page 181
1 Introduction......Page 183
2.3 Silicone sealants......Page 185
3.2 Thermal analysis......Page 186
3.3 Spectroscopy......Page 187
3.5 Crosslink density measurement......Page 188
4.1 Water......Page 189
4.2 Temperature extremes......Page 190
4.4 Ozone......Page 191
6 References......Page 192
1 Introduction......Page 195
2 Peel test methods......Page 196
3 Tensile adhesion test methods......Page 198
3.1 Continuum mechanics approach and the fracture mechanics approach......Page 199
3.2 Recent applications of adhesion methods using tensile adhesion joints......Page 200
4 Summary and suggestions for future work......Page 202
5 References......Page 203
1 Introduction......Page 205
2.2 Preparation of test specimen......Page 206
2.5 Tensile adhesion test......Page 207
3.2 Result of accelerated weathering......Page 208
3.3 Comparison of outdoor and accelerated weathering......Page 211
3.4 Correlation of the various weathering methods......Page 212
4 Summary......Page 214
5 References......Page 215
1 Introduction......Page 216
2 Definition of terminology......Page 217
3 Prioritisation of aesthetic issues for the development of test standards......Page 218
4.1.1 Chalking......Page 219
4.2 Staining of porous substrates (fluid migration)......Page 220
5.1 Surface changes following exposure to artificial or natural weathering......Page 221
5.2 Staining of porous substrates (fluid migration)......Page 222
6 Summary......Page 223
7 References......Page 224
INDEX......Page 226