Doing Business in Africa: From Economic Growth to Societal Development

Foreword
	References
Acknowledgements
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Images
List of Tables
1: Africa, a Continent on the Move
	References
2: The Dynamics of Ethnic Cultural Interactions in the African Workplace
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Theoretical Foundations of the Study
		2.1	 Ethnicity: Emergence of a Concept
		2.2	 Individuals in Their Relationships with Others: Theoretical Framework for Analysis
	3	 Study Methodology
		3.1	 The Method
		3.2	 Data Collection
		3.3	 The Data Analysis Process
	4	 Results
		4.1	 The Logics of Individuals in Managerial Action
			Vernacular Languages in Interprofessional Relationships
			Age, an Intergenerational Element that Is Difficult to Overcome in Workplace Relationships
			Ethnic Origin, a Fundamental Element in Individuals’ Motivations
			Gender, a Complex Component of Professional Equality in Africa
			Religion, a Sensitive Issue at Work
		4.2	 Discussion
	5	 Conclusion
	References
Part I: Internationalisation Process
	3: The Paradoxes of Coopetitive Integration in Madagascar: An Approach Based on the Actor-Network Theory
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Outlines of the Concept of Integrated Coopetition and Emergence Context
			2.1	 The Articulation of the Notions of Coopetition and Integration
			2.2	 An Empirical Approach Based on Inductive and Abductive Inferences
		3	 Mobilised Theoretical Framework and Methodology Selected to Develop an Adapted Model
			3.1	 Recourse to the Actor-Network Theory
			3.2	 Methodological Approach Selected
			3.3	 Proposition of a Management Model of Paradoxes Related to Coopetitive Integration
		4	 Main Managerial Contributions of the Model
			4.1	 A Punctualisation Process Structured in Five Poles
				Static Analysis of the AM Case
			4.2	 Management Modes Adapted to the Paradoxes of Coopetition
				The Reduction of Asymmetries Between Actors
				The Reinforcement of the Connections Between the Parties Involved
				Consolidation of the Legitimacies of the Collective Action
		5	 Discussions on the Proposals Brought Forward in the Model
			5.1	 Adoption of a Joint Regulation: Source of Punctualisation
			5.2	 Involvement of the Engaged Parties: Mandatory Waypoint
		6	 Conclusion
		References
	4: Factors Influencing the Export Commitment of SMEs: Algerian Case
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Export for SMEs: Different Ways to Meet Specific Needs
		3	 Development of Research Hypotheses
		4	 Research Methodology Adopted
			4.1	 The Construction of the Research Sample: Difficulties in Identifying Representative Size and Reality Test
			4.2	 Data Collection Methods
			4.3	 Some Elements of the Algerian Context: The Export Problem Is Still Relevant
		5	 Search Results
			5.1	 SMEs’ Size and Activity Sector
			5.2	 SMEs’ Size and Level of Export Commitment
			5.3	 The Training Level of the Exporting SMEs Manager in the Sample
			5.4	 Experience of SME Leaders in the Sample Export Activity
			5.5	 Multidimensional Analysis of Export Activity: Factorial Analysis (PCA)
				Characteristics of the Manager
				The Characteristics of the Manager: His Know-How in Export
				The Characteristics of the Company: Its Capacity for Innovation
				The Characteristics of the Company: The Export Marketing Advantages
				The External Environment: Infrastructure and the Quality of Institutions
		6	 Discussions of Results
		7	 Conclusion
		References
	5: Internationalisation of Moroccan SMEs in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Analysis Based on the Uppsala Model
		1	 Introduction
		2	 The Uppsala Model: A Dynamic And Evolutive Model
			2.1	 The Initial Version of the Uppsala Model (1975–1977): A Gradual Trajectory Model
			2.2	 The First Revision of the Uppsala Model (2009): Integration of the Network Approach
			2.3	 The Latest Version of the Uppsala Model (2017): Towards a Non-linear and Discontinuous Trajectory Model
		3	 Research Design
		4	 Results and Discussion
			4.1	 The Choice of Host Countries
			4.2	 The Choice of Entry Mode
		5	 Conclusion
		References
Part II: International Logistics
	6: Internationalisation of West African Transport-Logistics SMEs Facing the Crushing Weight of MNCs
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Literature Review
			2.1	 Internationalisation of West African Transport-Logistics Companies
			2.2	 The Theoretical Framework of Analysis
				The Resources and Skills of the SME Manager
				The Position Within a Network
		3	 Research Methodology
			3.1	 Presentation of the MNCs and SMEs Studied
			3.2	 The Method
		4	 Results, Analysis, and Discussion
			4.1	 Domination of Transport-Logistics MNCs in West Africa
				Container and Vehicle Ships Calling at the PAC
				Containerised and Ro-Ro Traffic at PAC
			4.2	 The Distinctive Characteristics that Promote the Internationalisation of the Two Local SMEs Studied
				Case of CAT-Logistics
				Case of the SITT Benin
		5	 Conclusion: Managerial Implications and Limitations
		References
	7: Highlighting Performance Indicators for Dry Ports in Landlocked Countries: The Case of Burkina Faso
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Contribution of the Port Ecosystem to the Creation of Global Value
			2.1	 Actors and Concepts Within a Port Ecosystem
			2.2	 Performance Indicators for a Port Ecosystem
		3	 The Managerial Context of Burkinabé Inland Ports and Their Contribution to the Performance of Global Logistics Chains
		4	 A Grounded Methodology for Understanding Burkinabé Managerial Practices
		5	 Results: Ouagarinter Dry Port Determinants Contributing to Value Creation
		6	 Conclusion
		References
	8: The Role of Interpersonal Relations in Logistical Conflicts Resolution between SMEs and the Food Retailing Industry: The Case of Morocco
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Conflict Resolution Modalities and Interpersonal Relationship: A Conceptual Framework
			2.1	 Conflict Management Strategies
			2.2	 The Influence of Interpersonal Relationships on Logistical Conflicts Resolution
		3	 Methodological Approach
		4	 Results and Discussion
			4.1	 Characteristics of Physical and Information Flows in Morocco
			4.2	 Relational and Conflict Resolution Methods
		5	 Conclusion
		References
Part III: Transborder Corporate Social Responsibility
	9: A Review of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices in Ethiopia
		1	 Introduction
		2	 What Is Corporate Social Responsibility?
		3	 Global Practices
		4	 CSR in Africa
		5	 CSR in Ethiopia
			5.1	 Economic Context
			5.2	 Legal and Policy Framework
			5.3	 Current Practices of CSR in Ethiopia
			5.4	 Determinants of CSR in Ethiopia
		6	 Conclusion
		References
	10: The Perception of the Notion of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Madagascar: A Representation Through the Cognitive Map of Managers in the Downstream Oil Sector
		1	 Introduction
		2	 CSR, a Concept Still in Quest of Understanding
			2.1	 Social Responsibility: A Legal Object Under Construction in Madagascar
			2.2	 Defining CSR in the Light of Carroll’s Pyramid Model (1991)
			2.3	 The Influence of Values on the Perception of CSR: A Universal Reach
		3	 Methodology
		4	 Perception of CSR: Results and Discussions
			4.1	 Realities of the Downstream Oil Sector in Madagascar
			4.2	 Intensity and Organisation of CSR-Related Discussions
			4.3	 Shared Personal Values Associated with CSR
			4.4	 Responsibilities and Practices of CSR
		5	 Conclusion
		References
	11: State of the Art on Environmental Management in the Cameroonian Public Administration: The Case Study of the Desk Management Activities in the Ministerial Central Services
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Literature Review
		3	 Methodology
		4	 Findings and Interpretations
			4.1	 Application of CSR to Public Administrations of Cameroon
			4.2	 Energy and Water Efficiency
			4.3	 Green Procurement and Sustainability Budget
			4.4	 Sustainable Mobility
			4.5	 Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Audit
			4.6	 Ecological Footprint
			4.7	 ISO Certification and EMS
		5	 Discussion
		6	 Conclusion
		References
Part IV: Trust in Africa
	12: Small and Medium Enterprises in Transitional East African Economies: The Case of Tanzania
		1	 Introduction
		2	 The Growing Importance of Transitional Economies in Africa
		3	 Challenges Facing Transitional Economies in Africa
		4	 Tanzania as a Research Setting
		5	 Tanzania: Historical Background
			5.1	 The Colonial Period in Tanzania: German Administration (1886–1916)
			5.2	 The Colonial Period in Tanzania: British Administration (1916–1961)
			5.3	 The Post-Colonial Period in Tanzania
		6	 The Role of the IMF and World Bank in Tanzania in Post-Colonialism
		7	 Regional Integration
			7.1	 East African Community (EAC)
			7.2	 Southern African Development Community (SADC)
			7.3	 Tripartite Free Trade Area (TFTA)
		8	 Transitional Economies in Africa: The Growing Influence of China and India
		9	 Tanzania’s Aid Dependence and the Challenge of Self-Reliance
		10	 SMEs in the Transitional Economy Context
		11	 Characteristics of SMEs in a Transitional Economy
		12	 Conclusion
		References
	13: The Evolution of Relational Governance Mechanisms in International Joint Ventures (IJVs): Trust and Communication in IJVs in Morocco
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Theoretical Foundations: Relational Governance in IJVs
			2.1	 Trust in IJV Relationships
			2.2	 Communication in IJV Relationships
		3	 Methodology and Presentation of Empirical Study
			3.1	 Selection of IJV Sectors
			3.2	 Data Collection
			3.3	 Data Analysis
			3.4	 Presentation of the Case Studies
			3.5	 Research Results
				The Inception Phase
				The Management Phase
				The Adjustment Phase
		4	 Discussion
		5	 Conclusion
		References
	14: The Propagation of Online Rumours Slandering Multinational Companies in Egypt
		1	 Introduction
		2	 A Multi-level Analysis Grid
		3	 The Method of Data Collection on Facebook
		4	 The Presentation of the Three Case Studies
			4.1	 Danone Egypt
				Presentation of the Case
				The Origin of the Rumour
				Rumour Management/Debunking?
			4.2	 Pampers Egypt
				Presentation of the Case
				Rumour Management/Debunking
			4.3	 Orange Telecom
				Presentation of the Case
				Rumour Management/Debunking
		5	 The Main Findings and the Analysis of the Cases
			5.1	 At the Micro-environmental Level
			5.2	 The Meso-environmental Level
			5.3	 Macro-environment Level
		6	 Conclusion and Modelling of the Analysis Grid
		References
	15: General Conclusion: The Managerial Challenges for a Societal Development in Africa
		1	 Theoretical Contributions
		2	 Methodological Contributions
		3	 Managerial Contributions
Index