Diversity Amid Globalization: World Regions, Environment, Development

Cover
......Page 1
BOOK & OVERVIEW
......Page 2
BRIEF CONTENTS
......Page 16
CONTENTS
......Page 17
PREFACE
......Page 25
ABOUT THE AUTHORS......Page 30
DIGITAL & PRINT RESOURCES......Page 31
ABOUT OUR SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVES
......Page 33
1 Concepts of World Geography......Page 35
Geography Matters: Environments, Regions, Landscapes......Page 37
Areal Differentiation and Integration......Page 38
Regions: Formal and Functional......Page 39
Globalization and Changing Human Geographies......Page 41
EXPLORING GLOBAL CONNECTIONS A Closer Look at Globalization......Page 42
Geopolitics and Globalization......Page 43
Thinking Critically About Globalization......Page 45
Diversity in a Globalizing World......Page 46
Global Positioning Systems (GPS)......Page 48
Map Scale......Page 49
Aerial Photos and Remote Sensing......Page 50
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)......Page 51
Physical Geography and Environmental Issues: The Changing Global Environment......Page 52
Population and Settlement: People on the Land......Page 53
Population Growth and Change......Page 55
Global Migration and Settlement......Page 58
PEOPLE ON THE MOVE Migrants and Refugees......Page 59
Culture in a Globalizing World......Page 60
EVERYDAY GLOBALIZATION Common Cultural Exchanges......Page 61
Language and Culture in a Global Context......Page 62
The Geography of World Religions......Page 63
Culture, Gender, and Globalization......Page 65
The Nation-State Revisited......Page 67
Colonialism, Decolonialization, and Neocolonialism......Page 68
Global Conflict and Insurgency......Page 69
Economic and Social Development: The Geography of Wealth and Poverty......Page 70
GEOGRAPHERS AT WORK Tracking Conflict from Space......Page 71
More and Less Developed Countries......Page 72
Indicators of Economic Development......Page 73
Indicators of Social Development......Page 75
Summary, Review Questions, Image Analysis......Page 77
Join the Debate, Data Analysis......Page 78
2 Physical Geography and the Environment......Page 79
Plate Tectonics
......Page 81
Geologic Hazards......Page 84
Climate Controls......Page 85
GEOGRAPHERS AT WORK Studying Glaciers and Climate Change......Page 86
EXPLORING GLOBAL CONNECTIONS International Activity at the Poles......Page 89
Climate Regions......Page 92
Global Climate Change......Page 93
Bioregions and Biodiversity: The Globalization of Nature......Page 95
The Current Extinction Crisis......Page 96
Water Sanitation......Page 99
Global Energy: The Essential Resource......Page 100
WORKING TOWARD SUSTAINABILITY Women and Water in the Developing World......Page 101
Renewable Energy......Page 102
Summary, Review Questions, Image Analysis......Page 105
Join the Debate, Data Analysis......Page 106
3 NORTH AMERICA......Page 107
Diverse Physical Settings......Page 111
Patterns of Climate and Vegetation......Page 112
The Costs of Human Modification......Page 114
Growing Environmental Initiatives......Page 116
The Shifting Energy Equation......Page 117
Climate Change in North America......Page 119
Population and Settlement: Reshaping a Continental Landscape
......Page 120
Modern Spatial and Demographic Patterns......Page 121
Occupying the Land......Page 122
North Americans on the Move......Page 123
Settlement Geographies: The Decentralized Metropolis......Page 125
Settlement Geographies: Rural North America......Page 127
Peopling North America......Page 128
PEOPLE ON THE MOVE More Black Immigrants Arrive on American Shores......Page 129
Culture and Place in North America......Page 132
The Globalization of American Culture......Page 135
GEOGRAPHERS AT WORK Building Montana’s Online GIS Infrastructure......Page 137
Creating Political Space......Page 139
Continental Neighbors......Page 140
The Legacy of Federalism......Page 141
The Politics of U.S. Immigration......Page 142
A Global Reach......Page 143
EXPLORING GLOBAL CONNECTIONS Bosnian Refugees Reshape a St. Louis Neighborhood......Page 144
An Abundant Resource Base......Page 145
Creating a Continental Economy......Page 147
North America and the Global Economy......Page 148
Enduring Social Issues......Page 150
Summary, Review Questions, Image Analysis......Page 153
Join the Debate, Data Analysis......Page 154
4 Latin America......Page 155
Western Mountains and Eastern Shields......Page 159
River Basins and Lowlands......Page 161
Climate and Climate Change in Latin America......Page 162
Impacts of Climate Change for Latin America......Page 165
Environmental Issues: The Destruction of Forests......Page 166
WORKING TOWARD SUSTAINABILITY Ecotourism and Costa Rica......Page 169
Urban Environmental Challenges......Page 170
Patterns of Rural Settlement......Page 171
The Latin American City......Page 174
Population Growth and Mobility......Page 178
PEOPLE ON THE MOVE The Impact of U.S. Deportations on Latin America......Page 180
Decline of Native Populations......Page 181
Patterns of Ethnicity and Culture......Page 183
The Global Reach of Latino Culture......Page 185
EVERYDAY GLOBALIZATION The Zumba Sensation......Page 186
Iberian Conquest and Territorial Division......Page 187
Regional Organizations......Page 189
GEOGRAPHERS AT WORK Development Work in Post-Conflict Colombia......Page 191
Economic and Social Development: From Dependency to Neoliberalism......Page 192
Agricultural Production......Page 194
Mining and Forestry......Page 195
Latin America in the Global Economy......Page 196
EXPLORING GLOBAL CONNECTIONS Brazil in Crisis......Page 197
Social Development......Page 200
Summary, Review Questions, Image Analysis......Page 203
Join the Debate, Data Analysis......Page 204
5 The Caribbean......Page 205
Physical Geography and Environmental Issues: Paradise Undone......Page 207
Island and Rimland Landscapes......Page 209
Caribbean Climates and Climate Change......Page 211
Environmental Issues......Page 214
WORKING TOWARD SUSTAINABILITY Geothermal Energy for the Lesser Antilles......Page 216
Population and Settlement: Densely Settled Islands and Rimland Frontiers......Page 217
Demographic Trends......Page 218
PEOPLE ON THE MOVE Haitian Struggles in the Dominican Republic......Page 221
The Rural–Urban Continuum......Page 222
The Cultural Imprint of Colonialism......Page 224
Creolization and Caribbean Identity......Page 227
Sports: Caribbean Olympic Glory......Page 229
Life in the “American Backyard”......Page 230
EXPLORING GLOBAL CONNECTIONS From Baseball to Béisbol......Page 231
Independence and Integration......Page 234
From Fields to Factories and Resorts......Page 235
Social Development......Page 240
Summary, Review Questions, Image Analysis......Page 243
Join the Debate, Data Analysis......Page 244
6 Sub-Saharan Africa......Page 245
Physical Geography and Environmental Issues: The Plateau Continent......Page 248
Plateaus and Basins......Page 249
Climate and Vegetation......Page 252
Africa’s Environmental Issues......Page 254
WORKING TOWARD SUSTAINABILITY Reforesting a Continent......Page 257
Climate Change and Vulnerability in Sub-Saharan Africa......Page 259
Population and Settlement: Young and Restless......Page 260
Demographic Trends and Disease Challenges......Page 263
The Disease Factor: Malaria, HIV/AIDS, and Ebola......Page 264
Patterns of Settlement and Land Use......Page 266
Urban Life......Page 267
EXPLORING GLOBAL CONNECTIONS The Map Kibera Initiative......Page 268
Language Patterns......Page 271
Religion......Page 273
Globalization and African Culture......Page 276
EVERYDAY GLOBALIZATION Africa’s Fashion Industry......Page 277
Geopolitical Framework: Legacies of Colonialism and Conflict......Page 278
European Colonization......Page 279
Decolonization and Independence......Page 281
Persistent Conflict......Page 282
PEOPLE ON THE MOVE The Chinese in Africa......Page 283
Roots of African Poverty......Page 286
Signs of Economic Growth......Page 289
Links to the World Economy......Page 290
GEOGRAPHERS AT WORK Vision for Sustainable Development in West Africa......Page 291
Economic Differentiation Within Africa......Page 292
Measuring Social Development......Page 294
Building from Within......Page 295
Summary, Review Questions, Image Analysis......Page 297
Join the Debate, Data Analysis......Page 298
7 Southwest Asia and North Africa......Page 299
Regional Landforms......Page 303
Legacies of a Vulnerable Landscape......Page 304
Climate Change in Southwest Asia and North Africa......Page 308
The Geography of Population......Page 309
Shifting Demographic Patterns......Page 311
Water and Life: Rural Settlement Patterns......Page 312
Many-Layered Landscapes: The Urban Imprint......Page 314
A Region on the Move......Page 317
Patterns of Religion......Page 318
PEOPLE ON THE MOVE The Libyan Highway to Europe......Page 319
Geographies of Language......Page 324
Regional Cultures in the Global Context......Page 325
EVERYDAY GLOBALIZATION Falafel Round the World......Page 326
The Colonial Legacy......Page 327
Modern Geopolitical Issues......Page 329
GEOGRAPHERS AT WORK How Do We Define “Middle East”?......Page 332
Economic and Social Development: Lands of Wealth and Poverty......Page 334
The Geography of Fossil Fuels......Page 335
Global Economic Relationships......Page 336
WORKING TOWARD SUSTAINABILITY Noor 1 Shines Brightly in the North African Desert......Page 337
EXPLORING GLOBAL CONNECTIONS Dubai’s Role as a Global Travel Hub......Page 338
Regional Economic Patterns......Page 339
Gender, Culture, and Politics: A Woman’s Changing World......Page 341
Summary, Review Questions, Image Analysis......Page 343
Join the Debate, Data Analysis......Page 344
8 Europe......Page 345
Landform Regions......Page 349
Seas, Rivers, and Ports......Page 350
Europe’s Climate......Page 351
Climate Change in Europe......Page 353
Population and Settlement: Slow Growth and Problematic Migration......Page 355
Low (and No) Natural Growth......Page 357
GEOGRAPHERS AT WORK Migrants in the Digital Age......Page 359
Urban Europe......Page 361
WORKING TOWARD SUSTAINABILITY Copenhagen, Where Bikes Rule......Page 362
Geographies of Language......Page 363
EVERYDAY GLOBALIZATION The Cultural Heritage of Pizza......Page 364
Geographies of Religion, Past and Present......Page 366
Popular Culture......Page 369
Geopolitical Framework: A Dynamic Map......Page 370
Redrawing the Map of Europe Through War......Page 371
A Divided Europe, East and West......Page 373
The Balkans: Waking from a Geopolitical Nightmare......Page 374
Devolution in Contemporary Europe......Page 375
Economic and Social Development: Integration and Transition......Page 376
Economic Disintegration and Recovery in Eastern Europe......Page 378
Promise and Problems of the Eurozone......Page 382
PEOPLE ON THE MOVE Portugal’s Quirky Emigration Issues......Page 384
Social Development in Europe......Page 385
Summary, Review Questions, Image Analysis......Page 387
Join the Debate, Data Analysis......Page 388
9 The Russian Domain......Page 389
A Diverse Physical Setting......Page 393
A Devastated Environment......Page 397
Climate Change and the Russian Domain......Page 399
WORKING TOWARD SUSTAINABILITY Putting a Lid on Chernobyl......Page 400
EXPLORING GLOBAL CONNECTIONS New Opportunities in the Russian Arctic......Page 401
Population Distribution......Page 403
The Demographic Crisis......Page 406
Regional Migration Patterns......Page 407
Inside the Russian City......Page 409
The Heritage of the Russian Empire......Page 411
Geographies of Language......Page 413
Geographies of Religion......Page 415
Russian Culture in Global Context......Page 416
PEOPLE ON THE MOVE Following the Armenian Diaspora......Page 417
A Revival of Russian Nationalism......Page 419
Geopolitical Structure of the Former Soviet Union......Page 420
Current Geopolitical Setting......Page 421
The Shifting Global Setting......Page 425
The Legacy of the Soviet Economy......Page 426
The Post-Soviet Economy......Page 427
The Russian Domain in the Global Economy......Page 428
EVERYDAY GLOBALIZATION Russia’s Global High-Tech Ambitions......Page 429
Enduring Social Challenges......Page 430
Summary, Review Questions, Image Analysis......Page 433
Join the Debate, Data Analysis......Page 434
10 Central Asia......Page 435
Central Asia’s Physical Regions and Climate......Page 439
Central Asia’s Environmental Challenges......Page 441
Climate Change in Central Asia......Page 444
Pastoralism and Farming in the Lowlands......Page 446
Population Issues......Page 448
Urbanization in Central Asia......Page 449
PEOPLE ON THE MOVE Central Asian Labor Migrants Seek Alternatives to Russia......Page 450
Historical Overview: Steppe Nomads and Silk Road Traders......Page 451
Contemporary Linguistic and Ethnic Geography......Page 452
GEOGRAPHERS AT WORK Kazakh Migration in Mongolia......Page 454
Geography of Religion......Page 455
Central Asian Culture in Global Context......Page 456
Partitioning of the Steppes......Page 458
Central Asia Under Communist Rule......Page 459
Current Geopolitical Tensions......Page 460
Global Dimensions of Central Asian Geopolitics......Page 462
Economic and Social Development: Abundant Resources, Struggling Economies......Page 463
Economic Development in Central Asia......Page 464
EVERYDAY GLOBALIZATION Rare Earths from Inner Mongolia......Page 466
EXPLORING GLOBAL CONNECTIONS The New Silk Road......Page 468
Social Development in Central Asia......Page 469
Summary, Review Questions, Image Analysis......Page 471
Join the Debate, Data Analysis......Page 472
11 East Asia......Page 473
East Asia’s Physical Geography......Page 477
East Asia’s Environmental Challenges......Page 481
Dams, Flooding, and Soil Erosion in China......Page 484
WORKING TOWARD SUSTAINABILITY Flood-Prone China to Develop New “Sponge Cities”......Page 486
Climate Change in East Asia......Page 487
East Asia’s Population Dilemma......Page 488
Agriculture and Settlement in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan......Page 490
Agriculture and Settlement in China......Page 491
East Asia’s Urban Structure......Page 492
PEOPLE ON THE MOVE China Reforms Its Residency Registration System......Page 493
Unifying Cultural Characteristics......Page 496
Religious Unity and Diversity......Page 498
Linguistic and Ethnic Diversity......Page 499
East Asian Cultures in a Global Context......Page 502
Geopolitical Framework: Struggles for Regional Dominance......Page 505
The Rise of Japan......Page 506
Postwar Geopolitics......Page 508
Global Dimensions of East Asian Geopolitics......Page 510
Japan’s Economy and Society......Page 511
EVERYDAY GLOBALIZATION East Asia’s Domination of Shipbuilding......Page 512
Korea’s Divergent Development......Page 513
EXPLORING GLOBAL CONNECTIONS South Korean Investments and Aid in Africa......Page 514
Chinese Development......Page 515
Social Development in East Asia......Page 519
Summary, Review Questions, Image Analysis......Page 521
Join the Debate, Data Analysis......Page 522
12 South Asia......Page 523
The Four Physical Subregions of South Asia......Page 527
South Asia’s Monsoon Climates......Page 528
Climate Change in South Asia......Page 529
Other Environmental Issues in South Asia......Page 531
WORKING TOWARD SUSTAINABILITY Community Development and Mangrove Conservation in Sri Lanka......Page 533
The Geography of Population Growth......Page 535
Migration and the Settlement Landscape......Page 536
Agricultural Regions and Activities......Page 537
PEOPLE ON THE MOVE Bhutanese Refugees in Nepal and the United States......Page 538
Urban South Asia......Page 541
Cultural Coherence and Diversity: A Common Heritage Undermined by Religious Rivalries......Page 542
Origins of South Asian Civilizations......Page 543
Contemporary Geographies of Religion......Page 545
Geographies of Language......Page 548
South Asian in Global Cultural Context......Page 551
South Asia Before and After Independence in 1947......Page 552
EVERYDAY GLOBALIZATION Soccer Balls from Sialkot......Page 553
Ethnic Conflicts and Tensions in South Asia......Page 556
The Maoist Challenge......Page 558
International Geopolitics......Page 559
Geographies of Economic Development......Page 560
Globalization and South Asia’s Economic Future......Page 565
Social Development......Page 566
EXPLORING GLOBAL CONNECTIONS India’s Emerging Computer Game Industry......Page 567
Summary, Review Questions, Image Analysis......Page 569
Join the Debate, Data Analysis......Page 570
13 Southeast Asia......Page 571
Patterns of Physical Geography......Page 574
The Deforestation of Southeast Asia......Page 577
Fires, Smoke, and Air Pollution......Page 579
Controversies Over Dam Building......Page 580
Climate Change in Southeast Asia......Page 581
Population and Settlement: Subsistence, Migration, and Cities......Page 582
Settlement and Agriculture......Page 583
Recent Demographic Change......Page 585
EXPLORING GLOBAL CONNECTIONS The Opium Resurgence in Northern Southeast Asia......Page 586
Urban Settlement......Page 589
The Introduction and Spread of Major Cultural Traditions......Page 591
Geography of Language and Ethnicity......Page 594
Southeast Asian Culture in a Global Context......Page 596
Before European Colonialism......Page 598
The Colonial Era......Page 599
The Vietnam War and Its Aftermath......Page 600
Geopolitical Tensions in Contemporary Southeast Asia......Page 601
International Dimensions of Southeast Asian Geopolitics......Page 604
Uneven Economic Development......Page 606
EVERYDAY GLOBALIZATION Instant Coffee from Vietnam......Page 611
Globalization and the Southeast Asian Economy......Page 613
Issues of Social Development......Page 614
GEOGRAPHERS AT WORK Female Migrant Workers in Southeast Asia......Page 615
Summary, Review Questions, Image Analysis......Page 617
Join the Debate, Data Analysis......Page 618
14 Australia and Oceania......Page 619
Regional Landforms and Topography......Page 623
Regional Climate Patterns......Page 624
Unique Plants and Animals......Page 625
Complex Environmental Issues......Page 627
WORKING TOWARD SUSTAINABILITY Saving the Great Barrier Reef......Page 629
Climate Change in Oceania......Page 630
Contemporary Population Patterns and Issues......Page 631
Historical Geography......Page 634
Settlement Landscapes......Page 636
Multicultural Australia......Page 638
PEOPLE ON THE MOVE Recent Migrants to the Land Down Under......Page 639
Cultural Patterns in New Zealand......Page 640
The Mosaic of Pacific Cultures......Page 641
Interactions with the Larger World......Page 642
EXPLORING GLOBAL CONNECTIONS Persisting French Influence in the South Seas......Page 644
Roads to Independence......Page 645
Persistent Geopolitical Tensions......Page 647
Economic and Social Development: Increasing Ties to Asia......Page 650
Australian and New Zealand Economies......Page 651
Oceania’s Divergent Development Paths......Page 652
GEOGRAPHERS AT WORK Planning for the Future across the Pacific Basin......Page 653
Oceania in the Global Context......Page 654
Continuing Social Challenges......Page 655
Gender, Culture, and Politics......Page 656
Summary, Review Questions, Image Analysis......Page 657
Join the Debate, Data Analysis......Page 658
GLOSSARY......Page 659
PHOTO CREDITS......Page 667
TEXT AND ILLUSTRATION CREDITS......Page 670
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