Diverse Voices in Chinese Translation and Interpreting: Theory and Practice

Preface I
Preface II
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Socio-historical Studies
Translating Concepts in Chinese: A Case Study Based on The Wealth of Nations
	1 Introduction
	2 Translating Concepts in a Continuous History
	3 One Hundred Years’ of Translating WN in China
	4 Case Study
		4.1 Nation
		4.2 Wealth
		4.3 Workmen
		4.4 Labor
		4.5 Value
	5 Concluding Remarks
	References
The Manchu Translation of the Five Classics in the Context of Confucianism
	1 Introduction
	2 The Tradition of Chinese Translation Since the Early Qing Dynasty
	3 An Overview of the Translation Studies of the Five Classics
	4 The Application of the Translations of the Five Classics in the Imperial Examinations and the Studies of the Eight Banners
	5 The Poetic, Political and Cultural Causes of the Translation of the Five Classics
	6 Concluding Remarks
	References
The Vicissitudes of Supply Chain Translation: The Chinese Version of Kumāralāta’s Garland of Examples Attributed to Kumārajīva
	References
Literary Studies
Retranslation and Culturemes: Searching for a “Dialogic Translation” of a Modern Chinese Classic
	1 Retranslating Lu Xun
		1.1 On Retranslation
		1.2 Frequency and Reception
		1.3 Motivations
		1.4 Behavior
		1.5 Process
	2 The Dilemma of Literary Mediation
		2.1 Translation as Literary Mediation
		2.2 Analysis of the Dominant and Translation Strategy
		2.3 Rich Points and Culturemes
		2.4 Translating the Culturemes
	3 Conclusion
	References
Publishing Chinese Literary Works During 1965–2018 Romania: An in-Depth Study in the Sociology of Literature
	1 The Sociology of Translations
	2 Research Methodology
	3 Mapping the Romanian Publication Activity Concerning China During 1965–2018
	4 Evolution of Romanian Publishing Activity Concerning China During 1965–1989
	5 Evolution of Romanian Publishing Activity Concerning China During 1990–2007
	6 Evolution of Romanian Publishing Activity Concerning China During 2007–2018
	7 Evolution and Mapping of the Categories of Genres Published During 1965–2018
	8 Forecasting of the Evolution of Romanian Translations of Chinese Literary Works
	9 Concluding Remarks
	References
A Corpus-Based Cognitive Study of the “Rustic Literariness” of Translated Chinese Fiction
	1 Target Corpus, Reference Corpora, and Tools of the Research
	2 The Rusticness of Translated Chinese Fiction
	3 The Rustic Literariness of Translated Chinese Fiction
		3.1 Rusticness and the Great Chain of Being
		3.2 Metaphors in the Surrounding Context Corpus of Animal Words
		3.3 Metaphors in the Surrounding Context Corpus of Plant Words
	4 Conclusion
	References
Interpreting Studies
Pause in Sight Translation: A Longitudinal Study Focusing on Training Effect
	1 Introduction
	2 Pauses in Spontaneous Speech, Interpreting, and ST
		2.1 Taxonomy of Pauses
		2.2 Pauses in Interpreting and ST Studies
		2.3 Syntactic Complexity and ST Training Effect
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Participants
		3.2 Texts for ST
		3.3 Experiment
		3.4 Identifying and Labeling Pauses
		3.5 Marking of Voice Data
		3.6 Data Analysis
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Pause by T&I and Non-T&I Students
		4.2 Training Effect on Pauses Among T&I Students
		4.3 Grammatical Environment of Long Pauses
	5 Conclusion
	References
Modern Interpreting with Digital and Technical Aids: Challenges for Interpreting in the Twenty-First Century
	1 Literature Review
	2 Simultaneous Technology/Technology Working in Real Time
		2.1 Technology to Support the Interpreter
		2.2 Simultaneous Interpretation with Video Conference Systems
		2.3 Artificially Intelligent Programs as Competition for Interpreters
		2.4 Transition of Interpreting Situations Through Technology/Digitization
	3 The Impact of Migration: Community Interpreting and Rare Languages
	4 Existential Problems for the Interpreting Profession
		4.1 Declining Payment Practice
	5 Networking Takes Interpreting and Translation to a New Level of Quality
	6 Further Developing Translation and Interpreting Theories in the Present and the Near Future
	7 The New Type of Interpreting
	References
A Multi-Hatted Expert: Exploring Possible Roles of the Interpreter in Business Negotiations with Specifics of Sino-German Negotiations
	1 Introduction
	2 Development of Negotiation Theory
	3 Business as Usual? Positional Bargaining
		3.1 Overview of Positional Bargaining
		3.2 Interpreters in Positional Bargaining
	4 The Principled Approach
		4.1 Overview
		4.2 The Method
		4.3 The Principled Approach and Interpreters
	5 Some Specifics About Sino-German Business Negotiations
	6 Conclusion: Trust and Trustworthiness
	Bibliography
Policy-Related Studies
Gestation of State Translation Program Embedded in Liang Qichao’s “On Translation of Books” (Lùn Yì Shū 論譯書)
	1 Introduction
	2 From Institutionalized Translation to State Translation Program
		2.1 Institutionalized Translation
		2.2 State Translation Program: A New Concept
		2.3 State Translation Program in the History of China
	3 Gestation of State Translation Program in the Late Qing Dynasty
	4 Translation Norms of State Translation Program Proposed by Liang Qichao
		4.1 Selecting Proper Source Texts and Translating from or via Japanese: Preliminary Norms
		4.2 Standardizing Translated Terms and Adopting Domestication Strategy: Operational Norms
		4.3 Cultivation of Translators and Collaboration of National Translating Institutions for State Translation Program
	5 Conclusion
	References
Translating China’s Power: The Collaborative Work Practice of Translating The Governance of China
	1 The Collective Dimension of Translation
	2 Institutional Translation Practice in Political Context
	3 The Surge of Political Translation as a Tool of External Propaganda
	4 The Collections of Xi Jinping’s Speeches
	5 The Governance of China and Its Institutional Translation
		5.1 The Translation Strategies for the English Version
	6 The Italian Edition and the Figure of Institutional Revisor
		6.1 Interactional Dynamics in the Institutional Revision Procedure
		6.2 The Revisor’s Changes: An Overview
	7 Concluding Remarks
	References
Translation and The Public Realm
	References
Contemporary Translation Practice
Revising the Chinese Translation of Verdi’s Opera “La Traviata” Linguistic and Methodological Issues
	1 Introduction
	2 The Translation Issue from a Historical Viewpoint
	3 La Traviata: A Key to How Melodrama Entered China
	4 Language Transfer and Intentio Operis
	5 The Sociolinguistic Aspect
	6 The Feast in France in the First Half of the Nineteenth-Century
	7 Translation as a Vehicle for (Un)Shared Knowledge
	8 Conclusion
	References
The PRC’s Go-Global Cultural Policy and Theater Surtitling: The Case of the Italian Tour of Meng Jinghui’s Rhinoceros in Love
	1 Introduction
	2 Surtitling and AVT Studies
	3 Theater Surtitling Inside and Outside the PRC
	4 The Case Study: The Italian Tour of Rhinoceros in Love
	5 Conclusions
	References
An Investigation of Norms in Legal Translation: A Corpus-Based Study of Conditional Connectives in Company Law
	1 Introduction
	2 Corpus Approaches to Legal Translation
	3 Legal Conditionals
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Corpus Design and Compilation
		4.2 Research Questions
		4.3 Data Extraction and Analysis
	5 Results
		5.1 Uk
		5.2 Hong Kong
		5.3 Mainland China
	6 Positioning of Conditional Clauses
		6.1 If-Conditionals
		6.2 Where-Conditionals
	7 Discussion
		7.1 Writing and Translation Norms
		7.2 World Englishes and Translation Norms
		7.3 Plain English Movement
	8 Summary and Conclusion
	References
Translation Quality in the Current Loosely Standardized Chinese Translation Market
	1 The Status Quo of the Chinese Translation Market
		1.1 Productivity
		1.2 Participants and Services
	2 Translation Quality Assurance in the Chinese Translation Market
		2.1 The Formation and Release of the Standards
		2.2 The Content of the Standards
	3 The Certification of Standards in the Chinese Translation Market
	4 Suggestions on Improving the Quality of Translation Services in the Chinese Market
		4.1 Increasing Publicity of Standards and Establishing a Communication Channel for Clients of Translation Services
		4.2 Strengthening Inspection and Recertification with a Focus on the Projects with the Smallest Cost and Profit
		4.3 Improving the Performance of Machine Translation and Translation Technology
		4.4 Learning and Cooperating with the International Translation Community
	References
Post-editing Neural Machine Translation Versus Human Translation for Chinese Essays: A Pilot Study
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Overall Research Purposes
		1.2 Structure of the Chapter
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Introduction to the State of the Art in PE
		2.2 NMT
		2.3 Literary MT
		2.4 The Contributions of the Experiment
	3 Experiment
		3.1 Participant Profiles
		3.2 Materials
		3.3 CAT Tool and GNMT
		3.4 Experimental Procedures
		3.5 Evaluation Methods of Translation Quality
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Translation Productivity
		4.2 The Evaluation of the Translation Quality
		4.3 Translation Performance
		4.4 The Student Translators’ Perceptions
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	Appendix A
	Appendix B
	References
Blending Language Learning with Translation Teaching: A New Perspective on the Teachability of Chinese Translation
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Language Competence Versus Translation Competence
		1.2 Awareness of the Defining Characteristics of Chinese
		1.3 Chapter Organization
	2 Commonality in Textbooks on E–C Translation
	3 Translation as Resistance Against Under-Representation
	4 Defining Characteristics of the Chinese Language
		4.1 Yìhé  意合 (Parataxis)
		4.2 Linearity
		4.3 Dynamism
		4.4 Concreteness
		4.5 Emphasis on Humans and Human Relationships
		4.6 Emphasis on Holism
		4.7 Emphasis on a Sense of Balance
	5 Concluding Remarks
	References
Index