Dive Into Python 3 (Books for Professionals by Professionals)

a.k.a. “the minus level”......Page 1
Which Python Is Right For You?......Page 3
Installing on Microsoft Windows......Page 4
Installing on Mac OS X......Page 12
Installing on Ubuntu Linux......Page 22
Using The Python Shell......Page 29
Python Editors and IDEs......Page 33
Diving In......Page 34
Declaring Functions......Page 36
Optional and Named Arguments......Page 38
Documentation Strings......Page 40
The import Search Path......Page 41
Everything Is An Object......Page 43
What’s An Object?......Page 44
Indenting Code......Page 45
Exceptions......Page 46
Catching Import Errors......Page 48
Everything is Case-Sensitive......Page 49
Running Scripts......Page 51
Further Reading......Page 52
Diving In......Page 53
Booleans......Page 54
Numbers......Page 55
Coercing Integers To Floats And Vice-Versa......Page 56
Common Numerical Operations......Page 57
Fractions......Page 58
Trigonometry......Page 59
Numbers In A Boolean Context......Page 60
Creating A List......Page 61
Slicing A List......Page 63
Adding Items To A List......Page 64
Searching For Values In A List......Page 66
Removing Items From A List......Page 67
Removing Items From A List: Bonus Round......Page 68
Tuples......Page 70
Tuples In A Boolean Context......Page 73
Assigning Multiple Values At Once......Page 74
Creating A Set......Page 75
Modifying A Set......Page 77
Removing Items From A Set......Page 78
Common Set Operations......Page 80
Sets In A Boolean Context......Page 83
Creating A Dictionary......Page 84
Modifying A Dictionary......Page 85
Mixed-Value Dictionaries......Page 86
None......Page 88
None In A Boolean Context......Page 89
Further Reading......Page 90
The Current Working Directory......Page 91
Working With Filenames and Directory Names......Page 92
Listing Directories......Page 94
Getting File Metadata......Page 96
List Comprehensions......Page 97
Dictionary Comprehensions......Page 99
Other Fun Stuff To Do With Dictionary Comprehensions......Page 101
Further Reading......Page 102
Some Boring Stuff You Need To Understand Before You Can Dive In......Page 104
Unicode......Page 106
Diving In......Page 109
Formatting Strings......Page 110
Compound Field Names......Page 112
Format Specifiers......Page 114
Other Common String Methods......Page 115
Slicing A String......Page 117
Strings vs. Bytes......Page 118
Further Reading......Page 122
Diving In......Page 124
Case Study: Street Addresses......Page 125
Case Study: Roman Numerals......Page 127
Checking For Thousands......Page 128
Checking For Hundreds......Page 130
Using The {n,m} Syntax......Page 132
Checking For Tens And Ones......Page 133
Verbose Regular Expressions......Page 136
Case study: Parsing Phone Numbers......Page 138
Summary......Page 144
Diving In......Page 146
I Know, Let’s Use Regular Expressions!......Page 147
A List Of Functions......Page 150
A List Of Patterns......Page 154
A File Of Patterns......Page 156
Generators......Page 158
A Fibonacci Generator......Page 160
A Plural Rule Generator......Page 161
Further Reading......Page 163
Diving In......Page 164
Defining Classes......Page 165
The __init__() Method......Page 166
Instantiating Classes......Page 167
Instance Variables......Page 168
A Fibonacci Iterator......Page 169
A Plural Rule Iterator......Page 172
Further Reading......Page 179
Diving In......Page 180
Finding all occurrences of a pattern......Page 182
Finding the unique items in a sequence......Page 183
Making assertions......Page 185
Generator expressions......Page 186
Calculating Permutations… The Lazy Way!......Page 187
Other Fun Stuff in the itertools Module......Page 190
A New Kind Of String Manipulation......Page 195
Evaluating Arbitrary Strings As Python Expressions......Page 196
Putting It All Together......Page 202
Further Reading......Page 203
(Not) Diving In......Page 204
A Single Question......Page 206
“Halt And Catch Fire”......Page 214
More Halting, More Fire......Page 219
And One More Thing…......Page 223
A Pleasing Symmetry......Page 227
More Bad Input......Page 233
Diving In......Page 238
Handling Changing Requirements......Page 242
Refactoring......Page 249
Summary......Page 255
Reading From Text Files......Page 256
Character Encoding Rears Its Ugly Head......Page 257
Stream Objects......Page 258
Reading Data From A Text File......Page 259
Closing Files......Page 261
Closing Files Automatically......Page 262
Reading Data One Line At A Time......Page 264
Writing to Text Files......Page 266
Binary Files......Page 267
Streams Objects From Non-File Sources......Page 269
Handling Compressed Files......Page 271
Standard Input, Output, and Error......Page 272
Redirecting Standard Output......Page 274
Further Reading......Page 277
Diving In......Page 278
A 5-Minute Crash Course in XML......Page 281
The Structure Of An Atom Feed......Page 283
Parsing XML......Page 286
Elements Are Lists......Page 287
Attributes Are Dictonaries......Page 288
Searching For Nodes Within An XML Document......Page 289
Going Further With lxml......Page 292
Generating XML......Page 295
Parsing Broken XML......Page 298
Further Reading......Page 301
Diving In......Page 302
Saving Data to a Pickle File......Page 303
Loading Data from a Pickle File......Page 305
Pickling Without a File......Page 307
Bytes and Strings Rear Their Ugly Heads Again......Page 308
Debugging Pickle Files......Page 309
Serializing Python Objects to be Read by Other Languages......Page 312
Saving Data to a JSON File......Page 313
Mapping of Python Datatypes to JSON......Page 315
Serializing Datatypes Unsupported by JSON......Page 316
Loading Data from a JSON File......Page 321
Further Reading......Page 325
Diving In......Page 327
Caching......Page 328
Last-Modified Checking......Page 330
ETags......Page 331
Redirects......Page 333
How Not To Fetch Data Over HTTP......Page 334
What’s On The Wire?......Page 335
Introducing httplib2......Page 339
A Short Digression To Explain Why httplib2 Returns Bytes Instead of Strings......Page 342
How httplib2 Handles Caching......Page 344
How httplib2 Handles Last-Modified and ETag Headers......Page 348
How http2lib Handles Compression......Page 351
How httplib2 Handles Redirects......Page 352
Beyond HTTP GET......Page 357
Beyond HTTP POST......Page 363
Further Reading......Page 365
Diving In......Page 367
Introducing The chardet Module......Page 368
UTF-n With A BOM......Page 369
Multi-Byte Encodings......Page 370
Single-Byte Encodings......Page 371
Running 2to3......Page 372
A Short Digression Into Multi-File Modules......Page 377
False is invalid syntax......Page 379
No module named constants......Page 380
Can’t use a string pattern on a bytes-like object......Page 382
Can\'t convert \'bytes\' object to str implicitly......Page 386
Unsupported operand type(s) for +: \'int\' and \'bytes\'......Page 389
ord() expected string of length 1, but int found......Page 392
Unorderable types: int() >= str()......Page 394
Global name \'reduce\' is not defined......Page 398
Summary......Page 402
Diving In......Page 403
Things Distutils Can’t Do For You......Page 405
Directory Structure......Page 406
Writing Your Setup Script......Page 408
Classifying Your Package......Page 409
Examples of Good Package Classifiers......Page 410
Specifying Additional Files With A Manifest......Page 412
Checking Your Setup Script for Errors......Page 413
Creating a Source Distribution......Page 414
Creating a Graphical Installer......Page 417
Building Installable Packages for Other Operating Systems......Page 419
Adding Your Software to The Python Package Index......Page 420
The Many Possible Futures of Python Packaging......Page 422
Further Reading......Page 423
print statement......Page 424
long data type......Page 425
<> comparison......Page 426
Dictionary methods that return lists......Page 427
http......Page 428
urllib......Page 429
xmlrpc......Page 430
Other modules......Page 431
Relative imports within a package......Page 432
next() iterator method......Page 433
map() global function......Page 434
apply() global function......Page 435
exec statement......Page 436
repr literals (backticks)......Page 437
try...except statement......Page 438
throw method on generators......Page 439
raw_input() and input() global functions......Page 440
func_* function attributes......Page 441
lambda functions that take a tuple instead of multiple parameters......Page 442
Special method attributes......Page 443
sys.maxint......Page 444
zip() global function......Page 445
types module constants......Page 446
itertools module......Page 447
List comprehensions over tuples......Page 448
Matters of style......Page 449
buffer() global function (explicit)......Page 450
Common idioms (explicit)......Page 451
Basics......Page 453
Computed Attributes......Page 454
Classes That Act Like Functions......Page 458
Classes That Act Like Sequences......Page 460
Classes That Act Like Dictionaries......Page 461
Classes That Act Like Numbers......Page 463
Classes That Can Be Compared......Page 466
Classes That Can Be Serialized......Page 467
Classes That Can Be Used in a with Block......Page 468
Further Reading......Page 470
Things to Read......Page 472
Where To Look For Python 3-Compatible Code......Page 473