Dispute Settlement in International Space Law (Studies in Space Law)

Contents
......Page 12
Table of Cases......Page 16
Introduction......Page 18
Part One: Exploration......Page 32
1 Dispute Settlement in International Space Law......Page 34
1.1 Assessment of Existing Procedures......Page 40
1.1.1 The 1967 Outer Space Treaty and the UN Charter......Page 41
1.1.2 The 1972 Liability Convention......Page 49
1.1.3 The 1979 Moon Agreement......Page 56
1.1.4 United Nations General Assembly Resolutions......Page 59
1.1.5 Multilateral Agreements and Organizations......Page 63
1.1.6 Bilateral & Project-Based Agreements......Page 70
1.2.1 The United Nations......Page 80
1.2.2 The International Law Association: the 1998 Final Draft Convention on the Settlement of Disputes Related to Space Activities......Page 81
1.2.3 The International Institute of Space Law......Page 86
1.2.4 Other Organizations......Page 89
1.3 Conclusion......Page 92
2 Applicability of International Dispute Settlement Mechanisms to Space Law......Page 96
2.1 The Elements of International Dispute Settlement......Page 99
2.1.1 Justiciability: Legal & Non-Legal Disputes......Page 100
2.1.2 The Public versus Private International Law Dichotomy......Page 104
2.1.3 Consensual Nature of International Dispute Settlement and Party Bona Fides......Page 105
2.2 The Present Basic Framework of International Dispute Settlement: Principles,Methods and Applicability......Page 108
2.2.1 Consultations......Page 109
2.2.2 Negotiation......Page 111
2.2.3 Inquiry and Fact Finding......Page 115
2.2.4 Mediation and Good Offices......Page 118
2.2.5 Conciliation......Page 122
2.2.6 Arbitration......Page 127
2.2.7 Claims & Compensation Commissions......Page 135
2.2.8 Judicial Settlement......Page 139
2.3 Conclusion......Page 150
Part Two: Evolution......Page 154
3 Need for a Sectorialized Space Law Dispute Settlement Mechanism......Page 156
3.1 The Unique Paradigm of Activities in Outer Space......Page 158
3.1.1 Military Use of Outer Space & Dual-Use Technology......Page 159
3.1.2 International Cooperation......Page 166
3.1.3 Space Science & Technology......Page 169
3.1.4 Commercialization of Outer Space......Page 174
3.1.5 Proliferation of Actors......Page 179
3.2 The Urgent Need for a Sectorialized Dispute Settlement Mechanism......Page 183
3.2.1 The Case for a Compulsory Permanent Mechanism......Page 186
3.2.2 Adapting to the Evolving Landscape in Space Law......Page 190
3.2.3 Recognition of Public and Private Interests......Page 192
3.2.4 The Enforcement of the Rule of Law in Outer Space......Page 193
3.3 Special Requirements for a Dispute Settlement Mechanism for Outer Space......Page 198
3.3.1 Declaration & Creation of Law......Page 199
3.3.2 Jurisdiction......Page 200
3.3.3 Locus Standi for Various Parties......Page 202
3.3.4 Flexibility......Page 205
3.3.5 Technical & Economic Competencies......Page 206
3.3.6 Efficiency & Rapid ProvisionalMeasures......Page 207
3.4 Conclusion......Page 208
4 Recent Developments in Comparable Fields of International Law......Page 210
4.1 Institutional Treaty Compliance R'e gimes: International Environmental Law......Page 211
4.2 Inspection Panels and Private Investment: International Trade and Financial Institutions......Page 223
4.2.1 International Commercial Arbitration: UNCITRAL......Page 224
4.2.2 The General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs - GATT......Page 226
4.2.3 TheWorld Trade Organization -WTO......Page 227
4.2.4 TheWorld Bank Inspection Panels......Page 233
4.3 Grassroots Enforcement of State Obligations: Regional Human Rights Institutions......Page 236
4.3.1 Gaps in the Regional Framework: the Arab, Asian and Southeast Asian States......Page 238
4.3.2 Established Regional Human Rights Institutions: the European, Inter-American and African Systems......Page 240
4.3.3 Significance of the Establishment of Regional Human Rights Institutions......Page 242
4.4.1 The AntarcticMineral Resource Convention......Page 245
4.4.2 UNCLOS & the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea......Page 249
4.5 Direct Alternatives to the Use of Force: Good Offices of the UN Secretary-General......Page 254
4.6 Conclusion......Page 256
Part Three: Evocation......Page 258
5 Proposal: The Multi-Door Courthouse for Outer Space......Page 260
5.1 The Dispute Resolution Movement and the Birth of the Multi-Door Courthouse System......Page 263
5.1.1 Primary Methods, Hybrid Processes and the Gradated Scale of Dispute Settlement......Page 268
5.1.2 The Beginnings of theMulti-Door Courthouse......Page 284
5.2 Proposal - The Multi-Door Courthouse System: A Viable Dispute SettlementMechanism for Outer Space Disputes......Page 287
5.2.1 The Proposed Structure of the Multi-Door Courthouse System for Outer Space Disputes......Page 292
5.2.2 The Case for the Use of the Multi-Door Courthouse System for Outer Space Disputes......Page 303
5.3 Detailed Issues of theMulti-Door Courthouse System......Page 313
5.3.1 Classification of Disputes......Page 314
5.3.2 Means of Choice......Page 325
5.3.3 Resolution of Dispute and Enforcement through Supervision......Page 333
5.3.4 Conflict Avoidance and Dispute Systems Design......Page 340
5.3.5 Administration of theMulti-Door Courthouse......Page 345
5.3.6 Ongoing Review of the Multi-Door Courthouse System......Page 350
5.4 Conclusion......Page 353
6 Development of the Law: Implementing the Multi-Door Courthouse for Outer Space......Page 356
6.1 How To Get There: The Development of Dispute Settlement in International Space Law......Page 361
6.2 A Protocol for the Multi-Door Courthouse for Outer Space......Page 364
6.3 SuggestedModel Clauses......Page 365
6.4 Grounds for Optimism......Page 368
6.5 Promoting the Accession of Parties......Page 369
6.6 Conclusion......Page 373
7 Conclusion: Shaping the Future of International Dispute Settlement......Page 376
Appendices......Page 380
A Proposed Protocol for the Multi-Door Courthouse for Outer Space to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty......Page 382
B Proposed Model Clauses for the Submission of Disputes to the Multi-Door Courthouse for Outer Space......Page 392
C Bibliography......Page 394
Index......Page 418