Dispersing Powders in Liquids

 Content: Front Cover; Dispersing Powders in Liquids; Copyright Page; Dedication; Acknowledgements; Disclaimers; Preface; Table of Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables not in the Appendices; List of Examples; Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION; 1.1 Slurries in Everyday Life; 1.2 Goals of This Endeavour; 1.3 Organization of the Contents; 1.4 Difficulties with the Subject; 1.5 Operations and Problems Involving Slurries; 1.6 Developing Competence for Solving Dispersion Problems; Chapter 2. PARTICLE STRUCTURE; 2.1 Levels of Particle Structure; 2.2 Surface Contours; 2.3 Heterogeneous Solids. 2.4 Particle Volume Distribution2.5 The Attrition Spectrum; 2.6 Slurry Concentration Relationships; Chapter 3. PARTICLE PHYSICS; 3.1 Two-body Interactions; 3.2 Motion in Response to External Fields; 3.3 Effects of the Surrounding Liquid; Chapter 4. SURFACE CHEMISTRY; 4.1 Chemical Classes of Solid Surfaces; 4.2 Chemical Classes of Liquids; 4.3 Chemical Classes of NonSurfactant Solutes; 4.4 Chemical Classes of Surfactants; 4.5 Discussionof Specific Classes of Surfactants; 4.6 Nonionics; 4.7 Cationics; 4.8 Anionics; 4.9 Zwitterionics (Amphoterics); 4.10 Polymers. 4.11 Other Ways to Change the Surface4.12 Complications for Industrial Materials; Chapter 5. SURFACE THERMODYNAMICS; 5.1 Elementary Thermodynamics; 5.2 Energy Changes Due to Creating New Surface; 5.3 Interface Motion to Balance Surface Forces; 5.4 Energy Changes Due to Curvature; 5.5 Adsorption on a Surface; Chapter 6. AGGLOMERATION; 6.1 Coagulation and Flocculation; 6.2 Micelle Formation; 6.3 Polymer Chain Interactions; Chapter 7. DISPERSANT SELECTION; 7.1 The Three Stages of the Dispersion Process; 7.2 Getting the Big Picture; 7.3 Laboratory Examination of Dispersions. 7.4 Selecting Dispersants for Scouting Tests7.5 Further Evaluation for Industrial Applications; Chapter 8. SLURRY TESTS A N D ANALYSES; 8.1 Relatively Simple Techniques; 8.2 Rheology; 8.3 Surface Charge Measurement; 8.4 Spectroscopic Methods; 8.5 Nuclear Spin and Scattering Methods; 8.6 Thermal and Material Adsorption Methods; 8.7 Electron and Ion Beam Techniques; A. PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS; A.l Molar Mass, Density, Dielectric Permittivity, and Refractive Index; A.2 Components of Surface Tension; A.3 Solubility Parameter Contributions; A.4 Heats of Immersion. A.5 Isoelectric pH for Metal Oxides and HydroxidesA. 6 Isoelectric pX for Salts; Appendix B. PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS; B.l Molar Mass, Density, Dielectric Permittivity, Refractive Index, Viscosity, and Surface Tension; B.2 Temperature Dependence of Surface Tension; B.3 Solubility Parameter Contributions; B.4 Parachor Contributions from Structural Features; B.5 Electric Dipole Moments of Organic Groups; C. PROPERTIES OF SURFACTANTS; C.lCompositions of Natural Triglycerides; C.2 Area Covered by Adsorbed Surfactant; C.3 HLB Contributions from Structural Features.
 Abstract:             This book provides powder technologists with laboratory procedures for selecting dispersing agents and preparing stable dispersions that can then be used in particle size characterization instruments. Its broader goal is to introduce industrial chemists and engineers to the phenomena, terminology, physical principles, and chemical considerations involved in preparing and handling dispersions on a commercial scale. The book introduces novices to: - industrial problems due to improper degree of dispersion; - the nomenclature used in describing particles; - the basic physica