Discursive Approaches to Populism Across Disciplines: The Return of Populists and the People

Acknowledgements
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
Part I Populism as an Essentially Contested Concept in Academic and Political Discourse
1 Introduction: Discursive Approaches to Populism Across Disciplines
	Populism: Approaches to a Complex Phenomenon
		Populism as an Ideology: The Ideational Approach
		Populism as Political Style and Repertoire
		Populism from a Poststructuralist Discourse Theoretical Perspective
	Political Discourse: Concepts, Methods, Approaches
		Critical Discourse Analysis and Discourse Linguistics
		Argumentation Analysis and Rhetoric
		Talk in Interaction
		Post-foundational Discourse Theory (PDT)
	Populist Discourses: Core Questions
		Populism and Nationalism
		Populism and Post-truth
		Populism and the Political Space
	References
2 When Populists Call Populists Populists: ‘Populism’ and ‘Populist’ as Political Keywords in German and British Political Discourse
	Introduction: ‘Populism’ as a Key Term in Political Discourse
	Theoretical Approach and Previous Research
	Methodology and Corpus
	The Semantic Prosody of the Nouns ‘Populist’ and ‘Populism’ in German and English
	‘This Is Pure Populism’: Politicians’ Use of the Terms ‘Populism’ and ‘Populist’ in the Corpus
	‘Populism’ and ‘Populist’ Used by Journalists
	‘What You Call Populism, We Call Democracy’: Metalinguistic Contestations of a Political Term
	Conclusions
	References
Part II Populist and Nationalist Discourses: Links and Tensions
3 The Impossible Totality of Ukraine’s “People”: On the Populist Discourse of the Ukrainian Maidan
	Introduction
	Laclau’s Theory of Populism
	The Impossible Totality of the Ukrainian Maidan
	Research Questions, Methodology, and Design
	“We Are the People”
	Discussion
	Conclusion
	References
4 Sri Lanka Between Triumph and Defeat: Studying Populism and Authoritarianism Within Presidential Rhetoric
	Introduction
	Populism, Ideology and Discourse
		Populism as Political Style
		Studying Populism
	Populism in Sri Lanka: Authoritarianism, Nationalism and Populist Performances
		Populist Authoritarianism
		Appealing to a Besieged People
	The People
	A Man of the People, for the People
	The Terrorist Other
	Discounting Domestic and Foreign Elites
		Performing Crisis
		Of Escalation and Violence
		Reinventing a Resolved Crisis
		A President of Ancient Glory
		The Limits of Populist Authoritarianism?
	Conclusion
	References
Part III Populist Discourse and the Politics of (Post-)Truth
5 Trump’s Text Appeal: Vague Language in Post-Truth Politics
	Introduction
	Theoretical Foundations of the Study
	Data and Method
	Results and Discussion
		Interpretative Strategies of Trump’s Supporters
		Expressions of Support with no Explanation
		Paraphrases of the Original Text
		Modifications Involving the Time FE
		Modifications Involving the Preventing Cause FE
		Modifications of the Protagonist FE
	Conclusion
	References
6 Social Media and the Concept of Interpellation
	Introduction
		Theoretical Background
	Methodology
	The Case Study: A Posting by H.-C. Strache in the 2017 Election Campaign
	Interpellation in Social Media: How Meaning Is Constructed
	Conclusion
	References
7 Archetypal Populism: The “Intellectual Dark Web” and the “Peterson Paradox”
	Introduction
	A Cultural (and Psychological) Phenomenon
	The Intellectual Dark Web
	Source Material and Multi-Layered Analysis
	My Position in this Analysis
	Affective Mythology and Archetypes
	Political Diversity Beyond the “Gated Institutional Narrative”?
	“A Glitch in the Matrix” and the Peterson Paradox
	The Liberal Shadow?
	Jungian Individuation and Peterson’s Persona
	Brand and Peterson: Under the Skin Podcast
	Accusations of Victimhood
	Conclusion: Populism, Archetypes and Murmurations?
	References
8 On the Retreat of Liberal Values and Access to Discourse: Extending Post-Foundational Discourse Theory
	Dramatic Shifts in Public Perception
	Bulgaria: The “Invasion” of Gender
	Following Up on the “Rise of Populism” Thesis
	A Second Wave of “Cognitive Mobilization”?
	Introducing Post-Foundational Discourse Theory
	Discourse Theory in a World of Polycentric Discourse Production
	Enter the Discursive Social Actor
	New Media and Political Identity-Making Beyond the Elites
	Circulation of Discourse and Access to Discourse
	Conclusions
	References
Part IV Populist Discourse and Discourses of Gender and Sexuality
9 On Behalf of the Family and the People: The Right-Wing Populist Repertoire in Croatia
	Thinking and Researching Populisms
	Citizens and People’s Referendum vs. Not-of-the-People Government: Exploring the Vertical Antagonisms in OBF’s Mobilizing Discourses
	Exploring Horizontal Antagonisms in OBF’s Political Discourse
	Conclusion
	References
Part V Populist Discourse as Left-Wing and Right-Wing Political Discourse
10 Populism and Nationalism in Jeremy Corbyn’s Discourse
	Introduction
	Background I: The “People” in Populism and Nationalism
	Background II: Corbyn and Left-Wing Populism
	Theoretical Basis and Research Questions
	Data
	Analysis
	Conclusions
	References
11 Using Mass and Pop Culture to Dominate Political Discourse: How the Left-Wing Party Podemos Conquered Spanish Living-Rooms with IKEA
	Introduction
	Populism in Spain: Genesis and Rise of Podemos
	Constructivism and Discourse Analysis as Theoretical and Methodological Frameworks
	A Manifesto Designed like an IKEA Catalogue: A Reflection of the Zeitgeist
		Lessons from IKEA
		A Creative Adaptation: Podemos’ Manifesto
	Conclusion
	References
12 Republican Populism and Marxist Populism: Perspectives from Ecuador and Bolivia
	Theoretical Framework
	Methodological Approach
	Towards Victory: Building Collective Identities as an Electoral Strategy
		The Bolivian Populist Strategy
		The Ecuadorian Populist Strategy
		Which Differences Matter?
	Governing Through Populist Discourses and Populist Strategies
		Populist Governments and the Conservation of the People’s Identity
	Conclusions
	References
13 The (Re) Birth of Far-Right Populism in Australia: The Appeal of Pauline Hanson’s Persuasive Definitions
	Introduction
	Populism as Style and Ideology
	The Significance of Hanson’s Far-Right Populism
	Persuasive Definitions
	Data
	Dissociation
	Reframing
	Floating Signifiers
	Definitions by Effect
	Conclusion
	References
Part VI Populist Discourse Across the Political Spectrum
14 Caught Between Populism, Elitism, and Pluralism: A Method for Political Discourse Analysis
	Introduction
	A Multidimensional Approach
	Semiotic Analysis
	A Method for Analysis of Speeches
	Analysis
	Who Is the “Real” US Populist?
		Obama
		Trump
		Sanders
		Conclusion
	Three Kinds of Populism in the UK
		Farage
		Johnson
		Corbyn
		Conclusion
	Three Full Populists in The Netherlands
		Wilders
		Baudet
		Roemers
		Conclusion
	Discussion and Conclusion
	Appendix A: Analysed Political Speeches
	Appendix B: Sub-scores of the Analysed Speeches
	References
15 Populism as Mainstream Politicians’ Political Style During the 2012 Greek Election Campaign
	Introduction
	Mainstream Populism as Political Style
	Bad Manners and Conversational Violence
	(Mainstream) Populism as Political Style and Mediated Populism
	Data and Method
	Challenging the Journalists’ Knowledge or Conduct
		Extract 1
		Extract 2
	Responding to a Question with a Question3
		Extract 3
		Extract 4
	Discussion
	Appendix: Transcription Glossary
	References
16 Another Populism Is Possible: Popular Politics and the Anticolonial Struggle
	Introduction: Who Is Afraid of Populism?
	Populism: Three Characteristics and Their Southern Contestations
	Art and Popular Culture: Demo-Crazy
	“Culture Be Teacher”: Traditions of Collective Governance
	Songs of the People: Freedom Songs
	Conclusion
	References
Index