Discovering The Scottish Revolution 1692-1746

Contents
Introduction
	Three Interpretations of the Anglo- Scottish Union
	Contextualising the Treaty of Union
	Marxism and the Scottish Revolution
	Patterns of Bourgeois Revolution
	The Bourgeois Revolution in Scottish History
1. Scotland in the Late Seventeenth Century
	Lords, Peasants and Industrial Serfs
	Burgesses and Indwellers
	Officers, Lawyers and Ministers
	Highland and Lowland
	The Balance of Social Forces
2. Three Dimensions of Socio- economic Crisis ( the 1690s)
	Trade Wars and Shooting Wars
	Death in the Face of the Poor
	The Debacle of Scottish Colonialism
	The Balance Sheet of the 1690s
3. From Hanoverian Succession to Incorporating Union ( 1700   1707)
	Class and Party in the Last Scottish Parliament
	A Class Divided
	A Union is Announced
	The Struggle Over Ratification
	Explaining the Union
4. Scotland and the British State: From Crisis to Consolidation ( 1708   1716)
	Three Perspectives on Jacobitism
	The British State versus Scottish Society?
	1715: Dress Rehearsals for the End
5. Social Transformation and Agricultural Improvement ( 1717   1744)
	The Consequences of Combined and Uneven Development
	The Pivotal Role of Agriculture
	The Lowlands
	The Highlands
6. The End of the British Revolution ( 1745   1746)
	Two Sources of the   45
	Victims of a Dying Feudalism
	In the Hour of Civil War
	Endgame
	Barbarians and Enemies of All Civil Society
	The End of Feudalism in Scotland
Epilogue: The Scottish Path to Capitalist Development ( 1747   1815)
	Theoreticians and Practitioners of Passive Revolution
	The Revolution After the Revolution
	A Different Class of Beings
Conclusion
	A Revolutionary Alternative from Below?
	Culloden, the Highland Clearances and Capitalist Development
	Documents of Civilisation and Barbarism
Appendix: Marx and Engels on Scotland
	British Capitalism
	Political Economy and the Scottish Enlightenment
	The Scottish Reformation
	The Constitutional Form of the British State
Bibliographical Essay
Notes and References
Index
	Aberdeen
		34
		36
		41-2
		66
		87
		200
		241
		244-5
	Act Anent Lands Lying in Runrig [1695] 80-1
	Act Anent Peace and War [1703] 117
	Act for a Company Trading To Africa and the Indies [1695]
		80
		96
		100
	Act for Establishing Correction Houses for Idle Beggars and Vagabonds [1672] 33
	Act for Improving the Union of the Two Kingdoms see Treason Act Act Permitting Assessment of the Poor [1574] 32
	Act for Securing the Protestant Religion and Presbyterian Church Government [1706]
		144
		146
		147
	Act for Settling Schools [1695] 81
	Act for the Division of Commonties [1695] 81
	Act of Security [1703]
		116-17
		120
		121
		133
		152
		165
	Act of Settlement [1701] 104
	agriculture reform
		81
		83
		214-20
		275-83
		284
		role in development  209-13
		transition to capitalism  277-80
		transition to capitalism  297
	Aird, Lord Provost 145
	Aitkenhead, Alexander 102-3
	Aiton, William 287
	Alberoni, Giulio [Cardinal]
		182
		250
	Aliens Act [1705]
		123
		124
	American Civil War
		xvi,  9
		xvi,  273
	American War of Independence [1776-84] 9
	Anderson, James 133
	Anderson, Perry
		10
		12
		14
		77-8
	Anglo-French Alliance 181
	Anglo-Scottish Union
		102
		103
		104
		107
		114-15
		121-31
		and economic issues  130-1
		and economic issues  134
		and economic issues  137-8
		and economic issues  159
		and economic issues  190
		and economic issues  209-10
		in context  4-5
	Anne
		104
		107
		119
		124
		127
		162
		196
	Antrim
		29
		70
	Arbuckle, William 84
	Arbuthnot, James 168
	Argyll Militia 248
	Argyll, Archibald Campbell
		3rd Duke of 131
		5th Earl of 63
		7th Earl of 18
		9th Earl of 48
		10th Earl and 1st Duke of 18
		186
		271
		293
	Argyll, George Campbell 8th Duke of 55
	Argyll, House of
		18
		54
		66
		85
		120
		271
		and landlord-tenant relationship  56
		and landlord-tenant relationship  225
		and landlord-tenant relationship  227
		and landlord-tenant relationship  275
	Argyll, John Campbell
		2nd Duke of 200
		224
		225-6
		241
		and dissolution of Privy Council  192
		and Treaty of Union  126-7
		and Treaty of Union  128
		and Treaty of Union  131
		and Treaty of Union  135
		and Treaty of Union  158
		and Treaty of Union  161
	Argyllshire
		56
		61
		66
	Aristotle 289
	Armstrong, Alan
		289
		291-2
		299-300
	as federal union
		115
		127
		128
		305-6
	as incorporating union
		78
		115
		121
		122-3
		128-31
		139
		156
		171
		and taxation  136
		and taxation  166
		and taxation  190
		and taxation  195-6
		interpretations of  1-4
		see also Treaty of Union Annandale  124
	Ascherson, Neal 3
	Atholl Highlanders 151
	Atholl, James
		2nd Duke of 238
		244
		259
	Atholl, John Murray
		2nd Marquis of 128
		135
		139
		150
		160
		214
	Atwood, William 133
	Auerstadt, battle of [1806] 279
	Austria 76
	Austrian Succession, War of [1740-48]
		230
		231
	Ayr
		44
		137
	Ayrshire
		28
		30
		44
	bagpipes, banning of 269
	Baillie, George, of Jerviswood
		124-5
		159
		165-6
	Balfour, James 84
	Banaji, Jairus 44
	Bank Act 1845 302
	Bank of England 82
	Bank of Scotland
		81-2
		101
		210
	Bannockburn 179
	Barclay, Colonel David 27
	Barclay, John 27-8
	baron courts
		19
		20-1
		49
		51
		168
		207
		280
	Belhaven, John Hamilton
		2nd Baron 19
		90
		143
		193
		195
		211
	Benjamin, Walter
		xix
		286
	Bisset, Reverend John
		245
		264
	Bisset, Thomas [Commissary]
		238
		244
		259-60
	Black, Jeremy
		254
		256
	Blackburn, Robin 230
	Blackwood, Robert 84
	Blair Castle 255
	Blair, Robert 29
	blasphemy law [1661] 102-3
	Blenheim, battle of [1704]
		121
		152
	Bohemia 73
	Bolingbroke, Henry Saint John 196-7
	Bonaparte, Napoleon
		284
		287
	bonnet lairds
		22-3
		24
		28
		29
		71
		197
		275
	Bothwell Bridge, battle of [1679] 60
	bourgeois revolution
		5-8
		170
		175
		182
		276-7
		300
		and capitalism  12
		and capitalism  16
		and capitalism  182
		and capitalism  272
		and capitalism  274
		and Highland Clearances  295-9
		and national populism  288
		and socialist tradition of struggle  290-4
		as passive revolution  275-80
		Company of Scotland and  86
		conditions for  9
		conditions for  16
		conditions for  275
		in Scottish history  7
		in Scottish history  15-16
		irreversibility of  273
		patterns of  9-15
	bourgeoisie
		10-11
		45
		49
		211
		and bourgeois revolution  11
		and bourgeois revolution  12-13
		and Union  137-8
	Braes of Mar 198
	Brand, Sir Alexander 90
	Braudel, Fernand xiv Breadalbane, John Campbell 1st Earl of 21
	Brenner, R. 40
	Brewer, John 112
	Bristol 197
	Britain constitutional form of
		4-6
		expansionism  181
		expansionism  230
		imperialism  294-5
		relations with France  181
		relations with France  229-32
	British and Irish Succession, War of [1688-97]
		xiii
		79
		104
		105
		106
	British Army
		46-7
		120
		231
		atrocities  257-61
		Highland Regiments  269
		role of Scots  152
		role of Scots  162-5
		role of Scots  269
	British Linen Bank 282
	British Unionism, and Anglo-Scottish Union
		1-2
		3
		6
	Brodie, Alexander 69
	Brown, Keith 163
	Bruce, Edward 265
	Bruce, James 208
	Buckle, Henry 174
	Burford, battle of [1649] 290
	burgesses 35-43
	Burnett, Gilbert 123
	Burnett, Ray 294-5
	Burns, Robert
		160
		171
	Burt, Edmund
		58
		223-4
		261
	Butler, James 251
	Byers, Terence
		278
		279
	Caithness, John Campbell, Earl of 68
	Calder, Angus
		95
		281
	Callender, James 293
	Callinicos, Alex
		xviii
		12
		15
		37
	Calvinism
		39
		74
		96
	Cameron, Donald, of Locheil
		57
		185-6
		232
		233-4
		248
		262
	Cameron, Ewan 226
	Cameronians
		147-8
		218
		256
		291
		292
		293
	Camerons of Locheil 54
	Campbell, Colin, of Glendaruel 225
	Campsie 68
	Campveere
		37
		42
	Canada, Confederation 9
	Cannadine, David 175
	capital accumulation
		10
		15
		19
		101
		297
	capitalism
		9
		10
		12
		16
		73-4
		182
		British  302
	capitalist development
		294-9
		and cycles  86
		and democracy  14
		and democracy  15
		and poverty  300
		as precondition for socialism  289
		as precondition for socialism  299
		mercantile  36-9
		transition to  272-85
	Carlisle, siege of [1745] 253
	Carlyle, Alexander 248
	Carstairs, A.M. 83
	Carstares, William
		98
		128
		131
		147
	Cassilis, Earl of 283
	Catholicism
		63-4
		71
		73
		167
		197-8
	cattle
		57
		59
		213
		216
		217
	Chambers, Walter 280
	Charles Albert [Bavaria] 230
	Charles I
		40
		49
		66
		122
		176
	Charles II
		20
		41
		46
		102
		122
		149
	Charles II of Spain 104
	Church of Scotland
		63-4
		71
		77
		194
		201-2
		and Galloway Levellers revolt  218-19
		and Galloway Levellers revolt  243
		and Treaty of Union  160
		and Treaty of Union  168
		kirk sessions  50
		kirk sessions  51
		kirk sessions  88
		ministers  49-52
	civil society
		xix
		249
	civil war
		174
		198
	clachans
		17
		31
	Clan Cameron
		186
		226
	Clan Campbell
		18
		20
		66
		85
		120
		227
		241
		hostility towards  70
		hostility towards  71
		see also Argyll, House of Clan Donald  18
	Clan MacIntosh 246
	clan system
		27
		52-7
		175-6
		and feudalism  52-3
		and feudalism  54-7
		and feudalism  175
	Clark, James 144-5
	Clark, Jonathan 177
	Clausewitz, Carl von 174
	Clerk, James 217-18
	Clerk, John, of Penicuick
		116
		209-10
		214
		216
		217
	Clerks of Penicuik
		32
		33
		207
	Clifton 254
	Clydesdale 29
	coal industry
		31
		94
		197
		207-9
		282
		283
	Cochrane, Andrew 244
	Cockburn, John
		211
		216
	coinage 209
	Cole, Douglas
		249
		257
	Colley, Linda 253
	colony at Darien
		94-7
		subscriptions to  84
		subscriptions to  85
		subscriptions to  99
	Cominges, Comte de 76
	Commonwealth regime
		28
		48
	Company Trading to Africa and the Indies
		80-6
		108
		124-5
		132
	Complaynt of Scotland, The
		xviii
		24-5
	constitutional reformism, and Anglo-Scottish Union
		1
		3-4
	construction 282
	Convention of Royal Burghs
		138
		146
	Cope, Sir John
		241
		242
	Corrieyairack, Pass of 241
	Cortés, Hernán 96
	Council of Trade and Plantations 164
	Country Party
		113-14
		115-17
		119
		120
		158
		165
	Court of Session
		48
		166
		194
	Court Party
		113-14
		126-7
		131
		165
		191-2
		and Act of Security  116-17
		and bribery  160
		and bribery  162
		and Crown  118
		and English Whigs  112
		and English Whigs  113
		and representation in British Parliament  158
		and Treaty of Union debate  132
		and Treaty of Union debate  141
	Covenanters
		40
		121
		217
		218
		287
		291-2
		armies  249
		Campbells and  70
		rebellion [  45
		regimes  102
		regimes  239
	craftsmen
		42-3
		45
	Craig, David 295-6
	Craig, John 269
	Craig, Sir Thomas 22
	Crawford, Thomas 86
	Cregeen, Eric
		183
		226
		227
	Crichton, Patrick
		242-3
		263
	crofters and cottars 24-5
	Cromartie, George MacKenzie
		3rd Earl of 234
		235-6
	Cromwell, Oliver
		40
		122
		170
		268
		269
		290
	Cruikshanks, Eveline
		185
		240
	Culloden, battle of
		and capitalist development  294-5
		and genocide  295
		[  247
		[  249
		[  255-61
		[  273
		[  274
		[  279
	Cumberland, William Augustus, Duke of 267-8
	Cunningham, Audrey
		52
		175
		176
	Cunningham, James, of Aiket 150
	Cunningham, Sir David 136
	Custom and Excise 76
	Dalriada 61
	Dalrymple, John
		110
		233
	Darien
		94-101
		105
		109
		113
		126
		156
		167
		190
	Davenant, Charles 169
	Davis, Mike 170
	Dawson, Jane 65
	Defoe, Daniel
		138
		144-5
		155
		169
		205
		210-11
		as spy and propagandist  134
		as spy and propagandist  151
		as spy and propagandist  152-4
	Delafaye, Charles 228-9
	democracy 14-15
	Derby 253-4
	Dettingen, battle of [1743] 230
	development and capitalism
		294-301
		as tragic process  300
		role of agriculture  209-13
	Devine, Thomas
		xv
		24
		93
		209
	Dick, Sir William
		40
		41
	Diggers 290
	diplomatic service 163
	Disarming Act [1716]
		222
		248-9
	Disarming Act [1746] 269
	Donaldson, Gordon 57-8
	Donaldson, James
		90
		211
	Douglas, Basil William 2nd Lord Daer 13-14
	Draper, Hal
		10
		11
	Du Cary, Augustus 219-20
	dual power 187-8
	Duckham, Baron F. 207-8
	Dumfries
		146
		147
	Dumfries, Earl of 283
	Dumfriesshire
		28
		30
	Dunbar, Patrick
		61
		65
	Dundas, Henry 264
	Dundee
		34
		200
		245-6
	Dundonald, Archibald Cochrane 9th Earl of 283
	Dunkeld
		136
		256
	Dunkirk 230
	Dutch Revolt [1565-1609]
		9
		10
		11
	Dutch Wars
		79
		105
	Dysart 136
	East India Company
		40
		83-5
		124
	Edinburgh
		30
		34
		35
		135
		150
		201
		and \'  241-2
		and \'  246
		and \'  250-1
		and \'  264
		and cattle trade  213
	Edinburgh continued and legal profession
		48
		riots and protests  45
		riots and protests  131-2
	Edinburgh Defence Volunteers 242
	education
		130
		168
	Eglinton, Countess of 283
	Eglinton, Earl of 44
	Elcho, David, Lord
		248
		254
	Elgin 43
	Elizabeth I 121-2
	Elphinstone, Sir Robert 90
	enclosure
		216-20
		Levellers Engagers  122
		Levellers Engagers  149
	Engels, Friedrich
		xix
		10
		11
		291
		302
		304-6
	England agricultural reform
		90
		281
		bourgeois revolution  276
		monarchy  76
		monarchy  77
		monarchy  104-5
		new merchants  39-41
		protectionism  79
		relations with France  75
		relations with France  76-7
		relations with France  106
		relations with Scotland xiii,  77-8
		ruling classes  111-12
		trade with Scotland  94
		transition to capitalism  74
		transition to capitalism  278
		xenophobia  261-6
	English Civil Wars [1640-60]
		9
		41
		66
	English language 220
	English Revolution
		[  8
		[  74
		[  290
		[  293
	Enlightenment
		12
		276-7
		see also Scottish Enlightenment entry fine [grassum]  29
	Episcopalianism
		63-4
		71
		100
		154
		174
		and Anglicanism  112
		and English liturgy  194
		and Jacobitism  116
		and Jacobitism  200
		and Jacobitism  269
		and Toleration Act  194-5
		and Union  133
		and Union  147
		and Williamite victory [  201
		and Williamite victory [  243
	Equivalent
		132
		158
		192
		209
	Erskine, James 225
	European Revolutions [1848-49] 9
	Ewing, Winifred
		1
		2
		4
	Exeter 197
	Eyemouth 44
	Faculty of Advocates 48
	Falconer, Sir Edward 244
	Falkirk 254
	famine
		87-94
		87
		101
		213
		and invasion of Britain  152-3
		and invasion of Britain  192-3
		and invasion of Britain  230-1
		and invasion of Britain  254
		and invasion of Britain  271
		and invasion of Britain  273-4
		protectionism  94
		troops at Culloden  258
	fealty 22
	federalism
		115
		127
		128
		305-6
	Ferguson, William
		115
		118
		177
		243
		269
	Fergusson, Robert 119
	fermtouns
		17
		31
	feu
		22
		29
	feudalism
		9
		10
		65
		73
		207
		and clan system  52-3
		and clan system  54-7
		and clan system  175
		and depression  86-7
		in countryside  17-34
		in towns  34-45
		military  22
		subsistence crisis  87-90
		transition to capitalism xii,  5
		transition to capitalism xii,  183
		transition to capitalism xii,  214-15
		transition to capitalism xii,  272-85
	feuferme 23
	Fielding, Henry
		229
		250
	Fife
		30
		71
	Finlay
		145
		153
	fishing
		91
		94
		209
	Flanders
		152
		254
	flax
		212
		213
	Fletcher, Andrew [Lord Justice-Clerk] 268
	Fletcher, Andrew, of Saltoun
		113
		193
		211
		243
		293
		and Anglo-Scottish Union  114-15
		and Anglo-Scottish Union  127
		and Anglo-Scottish Union  128
		and Anglo-Scottish Union  129
		and Anglo-Scottish Union  140
		and Anglo-Scottish Union  142
		and Anglo-Scottish Union  156-7
		and Anglo-Scottish Union  165
		and colony at Darien  97-8
		and colony at Darien  99
		and colony at Darien  101
		and proposal to extend servitude  91-2
		and proposal to extend servitude  268
		and proposal to extend servitude  303-4
		limitations on Crown  114
		limitations on Crown  117-19
		limitations on Crown  167
		on poverty and famine  25
		on poverty and famine  59
		on poverty and famine  89
		on poverty and famine  90
		on poverty and famine  303-4
	Fontenoy, battle of [1745] 231
	Forbes, Duncan, of Culloden
		203
		224
		293
		and baron courts  270
		and Highland-Lowland divide  52
		and Highland-Lowland divide  63
		and tenurial changes  225
		and tenurial changes  227
		and [\'  233
		and [\'  248-9
	Forbes, John, of Invergordon 187
	Forbes, Robert 267
	Forbes, William, of Disblair
		125-6
		128
	Forbin, Claude de 192-3
	Fort George 222
	Fort Saint Andrew
		95
		97
	Fort William
		120
		222
	Foster, John 7-8
	Fox, Charles 76
	France
		75-7
		104
		148
		149
		171
		181
		bourgeois revolution  276
	Fraser, Hamish 44
	Frederick II [the Great]
		73
		230
	French Revolution [1789]
		8
		9
		11
		13
		76
		170
		293
	French Revolution [1830] 9
	Fry, Michael 4
	Gaelic language
		60-3
		64
		220-1
	Gaidhealtachd
		61
		62
		220
		295
	Gallagher, Tom 100
	Galloway
		28
		44
		69
		216-20
	Galloway, Alexander Stewart 6th Earl of 159
	Galltachd 62
	Gardiner, S.R. 49
	genocide 295-6
	Gentleman Farmer, The 284
	Gentleman\'s Magazine, The 262
	George I
		196
		198
	George II
		230
		242
		246
		247
		265
		269
	German Republic [1918-] 188
	German Revolution [1848]
		10
		11
	German Unification [1862-70]
		9
		14
		272-3
	Germany
		dual power  187-8
		Spartacists  288
	Gettysburg, battle of [1863] 273
	Gibbon, Lewis Grassic
		287
		291
	Gilmour, Ian
		252
		253
	Ginsborg, Paul 13
	Glasgow
		34
		41-2
		135
		244
		burghal taxation  42
		merchants  84
		merchants  85
		merchants  205-6
		merchants  275
		riots  132
		riots  146
		riots  201
	Glasgow Corporation 291-2
	Glencoe, Massacre of [1692] 79-80
	Glenfinnan 232
	Glenui 225
	Glorious Revolution see Revolution of 1688
	Gloucester, William, Duke of 104
	Godolphin, Sidney
		106
		111
		118
		120-1
		126
		169
	Gooch, Leo
		197
		198
	Goodare, Julian
		156
		166
	Gordon, John, of Glenbucket
		190
		235
	Gordon, Lord Lewis
		237
		243-4
		245
	Gordon, Sir Robert, of Gordonstoun 20
	Gramsci, Antonio
		xv
		xix
		11
		272
	Grant, Janet 20-2
	Grants of Speyside 21
	Greece 14
	Green, Captain Thomas 124-6
	Greenshields , James
		194
		209
	Grey, Charles 13
	Guilford, Frederick North 2nd Earl of 76
	Guinea company 40
	Guy, Alan 258
	Haddington, Thomas 6th Earl of 119
	Haldane, Patrick 198-9
	Halifax, George 2nd Earl of 265
	Halliday, Fred 75
	Hamilton
		145
		263
	Hamilton estates 29
	Hamilton, Henry 215
	Hamilton, James Douglas
		4th Duke of 139
		143
		151
		156-8
		and Aliens Act  123
		as leader of opposition  107
		as leader of opposition  115
		as leader of opposition  127
		treachery  127-8
		treachery  154
	Hamilton, James Douglas-Hamilton 6th Duke of 270
	Handasyd, Thomas 164
	Hanoverian succession
		107-8
		116
		117-18
		121
		123
		165
		196
	Harley, Robert
		149
		150
		153
		190
	Harman, Chris 212
	Harrington, James
		53
		110
	Harris, Bob 247
	Harvie, Christopher
		296
		297
	Hayton, D. xiii Hebrides
		228
		232
	Hebronites
		150
		153
		154
		202
		217
	Hedges, Secretary 163
	Henderson, Hamish 69
	Hepburn, James, of Keith 240-1
	Hepburn, John
		150
		172
	heritable jurisdictions
		19-21
		33
		49
		51
		54
		71
		abolition of  211
		abolition of  270-1
		preserved by Union  130
		preserved by Union  168
		preserved by Union  186
		preserved by Union  188-9
	Heritable Jurisdictions Act [1747] 270-1
	Highland charge
		242
		250
	Highland Clearances
		6
		216
		294
		295-9
		see also enclosure Highland dress, banning of  269-70
	Highlanders
		69-70
		and links with Irish  63
		and links with Irish  66-7
		and links with Irish  70
		clan identity  269-70
		extermination of  257-61
		extermination of  294-5
		extermination of  296
		forcing out  236-9
		portrayed as barbarians  67-9
		portrayed as barbarians  261-3
		portrayed as barbarians  265
		portrayed as barbarians  266-7
		portrayed as barbarians  268
		proposal to transport  267-8
		romanticisation of  266
		support for \'  232-41
	Highlands alienated clans
		71
		and disorder  59-60
		and disorder  62-3
		and disorder  91-2
		and disorder  149
		and disorder  224
		and English language  220-1
		and feudalism  52-3
		and feudalism  54-7
		and feudalism  227
		and Gaelic language  61-2
		and Gaelic language  64
		and Gaelic language  220-1
		and Irish language  63
		and Jacobitism  71
		and Jacobitism  174-6
		and Jacobitism  177
		and Jacobitism  180
		and Jacobitism  222
		and Jacobitism  223
		and Jacobitism  232-3
		and language  60-3
		and law and order  59-60
		and negligence of clergy  64-5
		and religion  63-5
		and social change  220-7
		and support for Company of Scotland  85
		chiefs  70
		chiefs  223-4
		chiefs  268-9
		Christian education  220-2
		clan system Highland-Lowland divide  52-70
		clan system Highland-Lowland divide  175
		clan system Highland-Lowland divide  261
		clan system Highland-Lowland divide  266
		clan system Highland-Lowland divide  267
		clan system Highland-Lowland divide  298
		land transfers  56
		measures to control  269-71
		raising forces  236-41
		rent arrears  237
		repression  269-70
		road network  222-3
		road network  241
	Hill, Christopher 290
	history
		analysis and narrative xv-xvi and critique xvi-xvii Marxist theory of xviii-xix and sources xvii Hobbes, Thomas  276
		and alternatives  292-3
	Hobsbawm, Eric on capitalist development
		272-3
		277
		on Highland-Lowland divide  5-6
		on Highland-Lowland divide  53
		on Highland-Lowland divide  175
		on revolution  74-5
		on revolution  286
		on revolution  289
	Hodges, James
		138
		154
		168
		183
	Hohenzollern Empire 187
	Holstun, James 297
	Home, Charles 6th Earl of 115
	Home, John 185
	Honourable Society of Improvers in the Knowledge of Agriculture
		214
		215
	Hooke, Nathaniel
		151
		181
		192
	House of Lords, exclusion of Scottish peers
		195
		196
		209
	Houston, William 149
	Hume, David [philosopher] 203-4
	Hume, David, Sir David, Lord Crossrig 109
	Huntly 44
	Huntly, Alexander Gordon, Marquis of 186-7
	Hynde Cotton, James
		251
		252-3
	hypothec 280
	Improvement
		214-20
		277
		281
		see also agriculture Inches, Lady  258
		see also agriculture Inches, Lady  260
	Independent Highland Companies 164
	industrial serfs
		31-4
		207
	indwellers
		35
		43-5
	International Relations 75-8
	International Socialism 6
	Inverlochy, battle of [1645] 70
	Inverness
		34
		61
		241
		265
	Ireland
		xiii
		29-30
		66
		100
		160-1
		253
	Irish Confederacy 66
	Irish Rising [1641] 66
	Italy
		12
		14
		73
		Risorgimento [  9
		Risorgimento [  272
	Jacobite risings
		6
		7
		175
		176
		and Anglo-French rivalry  229-32
		and economic considerations  244
		and heritable jurisdictions  21
		and invasion of England  250-4
		external and internal forces  181
		external and internal forces  182-3 1715 196-203
		external and internal forces  222
		external and internal forces  231
		in England  197-8
		in Scotland  198-203 1745 222
		in Scotland  229-71
		internal support  232-41
		internal support  243-4
		internal support  252
		prisoner groupings  198-9
		raising forces  236-41
		reasons for failure  199-200
		reasons for failure  222
		resistance to  241-2
		resistance to  244
		resistance to  246-7
		retreat  254-5
		significance of  273-4
		size of armies  247-8
		success of  242
		success of  248-50
		support in England  196-7
		support in England  251-3
	Jacobites/Jacobitism
		6
		173-91
		and \'two societies\' thesis  175
		and \'two societies\' thesis  176
		and \'two societies\' thesis  177
		and exclusion from House of Lords  195
		and famine  93-4
		and Highlands  71
		and Highlands  174-6
		and Highlands  177
		and Highlands  180
		and Highlands  222
		and Highlands  223
		and Highlands  232-3
		and petitions  135-6
		as opposition to Whig establish-ment  176-80
		as potential threat  229
		as potential threat  249-50
		as Tories  194
		Association  232
		compared to Confederacy  273
		forces  236-41
		French support for  104
		French support for  134
		French support for  181-2
		French support for  273
		parliamentary party  115-18
		parliamentary party  120
		parliamentary party  127
		parliamentary party  142
		parliamentary party  203
		popular appeal of  178-80
		stereotyping  184
		suppression of  267-71
		suppression of  274
	James I 47
	James IV
		47
		50
	James VI and I
		22
		176
	James VII and II
		46
		104
		149
		176
	Japan
		14
		281
	Jena, battle of [1806] 279
	John of Fordun
		61
		63
	Johnston, Sir Patrick 139-40
	Johnstone, James, Chevalier de
		245
		250
		262
		265
	Jones, John 268
	Justices of the Peace
		49
		189-90
	Kames, Henry Home, Lord
		229
		243
		254
		281
	Keith, Alexander 27
	Keith, George 10th Earl Marischal 203
	Keppel, William Anne 264
	Ker, John, of Kersland
		150
		153-4
	Kilkerran, Sir James Ferguson 2nd Baronet 265
	Killiecrankie, battle of [1689]
		62
		242
	Kilmarnock, William Boyd 4th Earl of 236
	kirk and famine relief
		88-9
		and Union  133
		and Union  134
		and Union  139
		and Union  141
		and Union  144-7
		and Union  156
	Kirk By Law Established 243
	Kirk Party 28
	kirk sessions
		50
		51
		88
	Kirkcudbright
		210
		218
	Kirkton, James
		67
		68
	kirktouns 17
	labour rent 279
	labour, and compulsion
		32-4
		44
		91
		207
	lairds
		18
		71
	Lanark
		21
		67
	Land Tax
		76
		112
		130
	landownership
		17
		23
	Larner, Christina
		24
		65
	Lauder
		136
		137
	lawyers
		47-9
		71
		275
	Le Clerc, Jean 105
	lead mining 31
	Leith linen manufactory 80
	Lenin, V.I.
		xix
		187
		278
		280
		305
		306
	Lenman, Bruce
		57
		101
		103
		165
		166
		on abolition of heritable jurisdictions  270-1
		on Jacobite rising  240
		on Jacobite rising  241
		on Malt Tax  195
	Leopold, John
		218-19
		220
	Leslie, Alexander 63
	Levellers English
		Galloway [  216
		Galloway [  217-20
		Galloway [  243
		[  290
		[  293
		[  299-300
	Lewis, island of 87
	Lindsay, Patrick
		82-3
		211
		213
		221-2
	Linlithgow
		136
		137
	Livingstone, John 29
	loans, interest on 92
	Lockhart, George, of Carnwarth
		184-5
		190
		203
		228
		251
		and Act for Security of Church  147
		and disarmament of Highlands  222
		and petitions  135
		and petitions  136-7
		and Scottish military power  152
		and Treaty negotiations  128
		and Treaty negotiations  131
		makes accusations of bribery  160
		on alliance between sectaries  149-50
		on alliance between sectaries  151
		on alliance between sectaries  153
		on Defoe  134
		onriots  140
	Lockhart, Major 261
	Logan, Reverend John 139
	lords
		17-22
		and industrial serfs  31-2
		and industrial serfs  33
		and industrialisation  282-3
		as capitalist landlords  183
		as capitalist landlords  282-3
		authority of  19
		authority of  25-6
		authority of  185-9
		see also heritable jurisdictions Lords of the Congregation  121-2
		self-transformation  277-80
		wealth of  18-19
	Lothian, Marquis of 140
	Lothians 30
	Loudoun, Lord
		140
		238
		248
	Louis XIV
		97
		104
		106
		128
		133
		152
		192
		death of  231
	Louis XV 230
	Lovat 21
	Lovat, Simon Fraser 11th Lord 119
	Lowlands agrarian reform
		214-20
		and famine  87
		and Jacobite risings  200
		and Jacobite risings  239
		and Jacobite risings  240
		and Jacobite risings  247
		feudalism  52-3
		industrialisation of  282
	lynching 124-7
	mac Alasdair Ruaidh, Aonghus, of Glencoe 62
	MacColla, Alasdair
		66
		70
	MacDonald, Alexander 62
	MacDonald, Ian Lom 70
	MacDonald, John 266
	MacDonald, Sir John 258
	MacDonalds
		66
		70
		224
	MacDonnells
		66
		70
	MacInnes, Allan 70
	Mackay, Hugh 64
	MacKay, Robb Don
		179
		263
	Mackenzie Douglas, Sir Alexander Peter 271
	MacKenzie, Roderick 124
	MacKenzie, Sir Kenneth, of Cromartie 160
	Mackenzie, William, of Prestonhall 21
	MacKinnon, Daniel, of Skye 42
	Mackintosh, William 212
	MacLean, Donald 257
	MacLean, John 252
	MacLeans of Duart 54
	MacLeod of Dunvegan, Norman 271
	magnates
		70
		and quartering of Highland troops  67-9
		Lynch, Michael  44
		Lynch, Michael  101
		perceptions of Highlanders  66-9
		perceptions of Highlanders  149
		perceptions of Highlanders  263
		see also Highland-Lowland divide Lukacs, Georg xiv, xix,  13
		support for George II  247
	Mair, J.
		61
		63
	Makey, Walter
		29
		50-1
		293-4
	Maldon, Essex 230
	Malt Tax
		195-6
		250
	Manchester 252
	manufacturing industry
		38-9
		44
		212-13
		282
		285
	Mar, John Erskine
		6th Earl of and \'15 rebellion
		198
		200
		and anti-treaty riot  139-40
		and treaty negotiations  128-9
		and treaty negotiations  131
		and treaty negotiations  141
		and treaty negotiations  144
		and treaty negotiations  146
		and treaty negotiations  150
		coal mines  207
		exile  202
		exile  225
	Marchmont, Hugh Hume-Campbell
		3rd Earl of 265
		266
	Marchmont, Patrick Hume
		1st Earl of 103
		106
		107
		130-1
		143
		190
	Maria Theresa 230
	Marlborough, John Churchill
		1st Duke of 106
		121
		129
		181
		199
	Marshall, Gordon
		39
		81
		84
	Martin, Martin
		64
		65
		87
	Martinique 163-4
	Marx, Karl/Marxists
		10
		37
		110
		170
		267
		and development  205
		and development  300
		and extermination of Highlanders  294
		and extermination of Highlanders  295
		and forerunners  286
		and forerunners  289
		and Highland Clearances  296-8
		and Highland-Lowland divide  175
		and Revolution of  1688 74
		and Scottish history xviii-xix,  5-8
		and Scottish history xviii-xix,  302-7
		capitalist agriculture  212-13
		see also socialism Maryland  40
	Mathieson, William Law
		xvii
		201
	Mauchline Moor, battle of [1648]
		28
		29
	Maxwell, Michael 100
	McAdam, John Loudon, of Sauchrie 283
	McGrath, John 6
	McGregor, Alexander 68
	McKenzies 183
	McLynn, Frank
		76
		178
		182
		232
		251
	McMillanites
		146
		154
		202
		217
	McPherson, James xvi McQueen, Donald 61
	Meiji Restoration, Japan [1867] 9
	Melbost 87
	Melville, David 98
	mercantilism 78-9
	merchants
		36-42
		71
		206
		275
		new  39-42
		small traders  44
		subscriptions to Company of Scotland  84
		subscriptions to Company of Scotland  85
	Midland Revolt [1607] 216
	Military Revolution
		181
		256
	miners/mining
		282
		and serfdom  31-3
		and serfdom  44
		and serfdom  207-8
		conditions  32
		conditions  207
		technology  207-8
	ministers
		49-52
		275
		and Highlands  51-2
		radicalisation of  50-1
	Mitchell, Andrew 264
	Mitchison, Rosalind
		xiii
		50
		122
		143
	Moir, James, of Stoneywood
		180
		190
		235
		237
		243-4
		245
		\'moments of force\' xv-xvi Monod, Paul  111
		\'moments of force\' xv-xvi Monod, Paul  197
	Montgomery 145
	Montrose
		137
		202
	Montrose, James Graham
		1st Marquis of 66
		4th Marquis of 119
		180
	Monymusk, Sir Archibald Grant
		2nd Baronet 214-15
		216
	Moore, Barrington 8
	More, Sir Thomas 298
	Morgan, Henry 94
	Morrill, John 122
	Morton, James Douglas 4th Earl of 122
	Morven 226
	Mull 227
	Murray, Athol 166
	Murray, Lord George
		241
		250
		254
		255
	Nairn, Tom
		6
		14
		277
	Nairne, Sir David
		129
		139
		141
		144
		146
		152
	Napoleonic Wars, end of 284
	Naseby, battle of [1645] 290
	National Party of Scotland 292
	Navigation Laws
		42
		see also United Provinces New Edinburgh  95
		see also United Provinces New Edinburgh  97
		The Netherlands  37
		The Netherlands  40
		The Netherlands  94
	New Model Army
		11
		28
		122
		149
		185
	Newcastle, Thomas Pelham-Holles
		1st Duke of 267
		268
	Newmills, cloth manufactory
		80
		84
	Nisbet, William 23-4
	Northumbria
		197
		199
	officers, and social rank 46-7
	Ogilvy, Lord 237
	Old England
		264
		266
	Oliphant, Lawrence, of Gask
		238
		246
	Orkney
		40
		64
		89
		93
	Orkney, George Hamilton, Earl of 165
	Ormonde, James Butler 2nd Duke of 182
	Paisley 34-5
	pamphlet war
		133
		134
		147-8
		153
		154
		183
	Panama 94
	Panmure, Earl of
		26
		93
	Parke, Governor 163-4
	passive revolution practitioners of
		277-80
		theoreticians of  275-7
	Paterson, William
		82
		86
		94-5
		99
		101
		138-9
		155
	Patronage Act [1712] 194
	peasants 22-31
	Peden, Alexander 30
	Pentland Rising [1666]
		46
		60
	Perth
		34
		41
		45
		198
		199
		245
		246
	Phillip V of Spain 104
	Piedmont
		272
		273
		\'Pierce\'  153-4
	Pill for the Pork Easters, A
		126
		179
	Pitcairne, Archibald 102
	Pittock, Murray
		177
		239
		240
		252-3
	Plymouth 197
	Pocock, John
		92
		175
		276
	political economy 303-4
	Pollock, Sir Robert 25
	Porter, Roy
		75
		276
	Portobello 94
	Portugal 14
	Postgate, Raymond
		249
		257
	Pratt Insh, George
		xvii
		83
		174-5
		176
	Prebble, John
		69
		84
		260
	Presbyterianism
		29
		30
		154
		193
		220
		and Jacobitism  201-2
		and political parties  116
		and Toleration Act  194
		and Union  107
		and Union  147
		and Union  154
		repression of  67
		repression of  100
	Preston
		122
		199
	Prestonpans, battle of [1745]
		242
		249
		250
		253
	primitive accumulation
		297
		298
	Pringle, James 266
	Pringle, Robert 106
	Privy council
		193
		abolition of  191-2
		abolition of  194
		abolition of  196
		abolition of  209
	protectionism
		38
		79
		94
	Prussia
		181
		272-3
		278
		279
	Pryde, George 185
	Queensberry Plot 119-20
	Queensberry, James Douglas
		2nd Duke of 113
		119-20
		127
		192
		and Hanoverian Succession  107
		and Hanoverian Succession  108
		and Hanoverian Succession  117
		and Treaty of Union  128
		and Treaty of Union  131
		and Treaty of Union  150
		and Treaty of Union  156-7
		and Treaty of Union  158
		and Treaty of Union  160
	Quiberon Bay, battle of [1759] 271
	Ramillies, battle of [1706] 152
	Ramsay, Allan 283
	Rannoch 186
	Rathlin Island 70
	raw materials 78-9
	Reformation
		12
		45
		47
		63-4
		304
	regality
		19
		21
		courts of  19
		courts of  49
		courts of  51
	Reid, Stuart 240
	religion
		149
		and Highland-Lowland divide  63-5
		and superstition  64
		and superstition  65
	Renfrewshire
		44
		103
	Restoration period [1660-88]
		11
		28
		48
		56
		63
		78
		102
		149
	revolution
		74-5
		and counter-revolution  77
		and reform  278
		as process  10
		political and social  5
		political and social  75
	Revolution of
		2
		9
		74-5
		170-1
		190
		and heritable jurisdictions  21
		compared to French Revolution  76
		compared to French Revolution  293
	Revolution Parliament
		102
		105
	Revolution Settlement
		77
		78
		85
		189
		291
	Reynolds, Susan 241
	Richards, Eric 90
	Riley, Paul
		122
		129
		134
		155
		160
		162
		202
	roads
		222-3
		241
		282-3
	Robertson, John
		129
		167
	Robertson, Leonard 135
	Rose, Hugh 189
	Rothes, Earl of 119
	Roxborough, John Ker
		5th Earl of 119
		124
		159
		165
	Royal Bank of Scotland 210
	runrig system
		53-4
		214
	Russia, industrialisation 206-7
	Rycaut, Sir Paul 86
	Sacheverell, Henry 178
	Saint Andrews 44
	salt panners
		31
		34
		207
	salt tax 155
	Santa Maria 94
	Saxe, Maurice, Comte de
		230
		\'Scotch Plot\'  119-20
		\'Scotch Plot\'  124
	Scotland and capitalist development
		102
		272-85
		294-9
		and colonialism  80
		and colonialism  94-101
	Scots language [Scottis] 61
	Scots Law
		22
		77
		130
		168
		189-90
	Scots Magazine, The 284
	Scots, and English citizenship 123
	Scott, Captain Caroline 261
	Scott, Paul
		3
		92
		115
		121
		127
		155
		160
	Scott, Sir Walter
		22
		54-5
		284-5
	Scott, W.R. 162
	Scottish Army
		46
		120
		152
		166
	Scottish Enlightenment
		1
		xix
		110
		212
		266
		276
		300
		303
	Scottish Historical School 275
	Scottish Home Rule Association 302
	Scottish nationalism
		156
		178-80
		240-1
		interpretation of Anglo-Scottish Union  1
		interpretation of Anglo-Scottish Union  2-3
	Scottish Parliament [
		adjournment  1
		adjournment  119
		and class  109-16
		and economic legislation  79-83
		and Hanoverian succession  107-8
		and Hanoverian succession  116
		and Hanoverian succession  117
		and Hanoverian succession  118
		and Hanoverian succession  121
		and Hanoverian succession  123
		and Hanoverian succession  165
		cross-party divisions  116
		elections  109
		factional regroupment  119-21
		feudal basis of  109-11
		limitations on Crown  114
		limitations on Crown  117-18
		Officers of State  112-13
		Officers of State  116
		Officers of State  119
		Officers of State  131-2
		Officers of State  158
		-  108-16
		-  171
		-  203
		-  304-5
	Scottish Parliament [1999-]
		1
		4
	Scottish Reformation 63
	Scottish Revolution xii-xiii
		286
		288-9
		295-9
		300-1
		and Jacobites/Jacobitism  180-90
		and Marxism  5-8
		as Highland/Lowland struggle  5-7
	Seafield, John Ogilvie
		1st Earl of 106
		118
		126
		131
		159
		190
		proposal for dissolution of Union  196
	sects/sectaries
		149
		150
		154
		see also Marx, Karl/Marxists Society of the Friends of the People 13
	Selkirk 44
	serfdom
		31-3
		44
		279
		280
		abolition of  208
		extension of  91-2
		extension of  268
		extension of  303-4
	Seton, Sir William, of Pittmeden
		21
		25
		37-8
		141-3
		160
		165
		167
		211
	Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper 3rd Earl of 105-6
	Sheatown, Deerness 93
	Sheriff courts 49
	Sheriffmuir, battle of [1715]
		199
		200
		201
		228
		256
	Sherlock, Thomas 268
	Shields, Alexander
		67
		100
		148
	Sibbald, Sir Robert
		88
		90
	Silesia 230
	Sinclair, J. 256
	Smith, Adam
		112
		186
		191
		212
		213
		249
		276-7
		303
	Smith, Annette 200
	Smoaking Flax Unquenchable, The xvii-xviii
		147-8
		154
	Smout, Christopher
		42
		53
		275
	social change and forces and relations of production
		78
		208-9
		213
		and social forces  289
		and social forces  290
		landlord-tenant relationship  214-15
		landlord-tenant relationship  225-7
		landlord-tenant relationship  274
		landlord-tenant relationship  280
	social forces
		70-2
		77
		289
		and trade  79-84
		and trade  94
		and trade  108
		and trade  130
		and trade  134
		and trade  137-8
		and trade  190
		and uneven and combined development  205-9
		and uneven and combined development  275
	socialism and capitalism
		289
		299
		and choice of forerunner  290-4
		and national populism  288
		and tradition of the oppressed  286-8
		and tradition of the oppressed  289
		and tradition of the oppressed  293
	Society in Scotland for Propagating Christian Knowledge [SSPCK]
		220-1
		243
	Society of Writers to the Signet 48
	Sophia, Princess 104
	Sorocold, George 207
	sovereignty
		3
		133
		134
		167
	Spain
		14
		95-9
		181
	Spalding, John 180
	Spanish Succession, War of [1701-14]
		75-6
		104
		105-6
		231
	Spartacists 288
	Spartacus 289
	Speck, William 262
	Speedy Return 124
	Spence, Lewis 292
	Spotswood, Alexander 164-5
	Squadrone Volante
		120
		and disbursement of Equivalent  132
		and disbursement of Equivalent  158
		and disbursement of Equivalent  192
		and execution of Green and crew  124-5
		and execution of Green and crew  126
		and Treaty of Union  127
		and Treaty of Union  132
		and Treaty of Union  144
		and Treaty of Union  158
		and Treaty of Union  160
		and Treaty of Union  162
	Stair, James Dalrymple
		1st Viscount 22
		33-4
	Stair, John Dalrymple 1st Earl of 167
	steam technology
		207
		208
	Stedman Jones, Gareth 291
	Steuart, Sir James
		212
		298
		303
	Stevenson, David 232
	Stewart, Archibald 242
	Stewart, William, of Pardovan
		137
		167
	Stirling
		198
		201
		210-11
		246-7
	Stirling Castle
		150
		152
		247
	Stirlingshire 51
	Storrs, Christopher 100
	Strathaven 287
	Strathmore 69
	structural analysis xv structural assimilation 173
	Stuart, Charles Edward, the Young Pretender
		228
		230
		231-3
		235
		240
		242
		and invasion of England  250-4
		at Culloden  256
	Stuart, James Francis Edward, the Old Pretender
		104
		192-3
		198
		199
		200
		202
	Stuarts
		185
		190
		and absolutism  30
		and absolutism  39-40
		and absolutism  77
		and absolutism  175-6
		and control over jurisdictions  19-20
		Court-in-exile  119
		restoration  106
		restoration  154
		restoration  157
		restoration  165
		restoration  231
		restoration  241
	sub-infeudation
		23
		29
	Sunderland, Earl of 164
	support for Union
		103
		147
		172
	Sweden
		87
		181
	Swift, Jonathan
		122-3
		133
	Switzerland 73-4
	Szechi, Daniel
		xiii
		181
		183-4
		185
		202-3
	tacksmen
		55-6
		60
		71
		90-1
		186-7
		225-6
		275
	taxation
		76
		136
		166
		190
		burghal  42
		Land Tax  76
		Land Tax  112
		Land Tax  130
		Malt Tax  195-6
		Malt Tax  250
		salt tax  155
	Taylor, Joseph 126
	tenant farmers
		23-4
		eviction  26
		eviction  225
		labour service  26-7
		labour service  214
		labour service  227
		labour service  280
		lease  25-6
		lease  215
		lease  227
		payment of rents  26
		payment of rents  214
		rent rises  282
		resistance  27-31
		resistance to change  214-20
		south-west regional crisis  29
	Tenures Abolition Act [1746] 269
	Terry, Charles 108
	textile industry
		80
		84
		87
		282
	Therborn, Goran
		10
		14
	Thirty Years War [1618-48]
		73
		74
	Thompson, Edith 109
	Thompson, Edward
		10
		275
	Thompson, Maurice 40-1
	Thompson, Willie
		49
		101
		137
	Three Kingdoms, War of 66
	timber 57
	Tiree 227
	tobacco
		40
		209
		282
	Toleration Act [1712] 194-5
	Tongland 217
	Tories
		111
		178
		194
		196-7
		203-4
		and Anglo-Scottish Union  107
		and Jacobite cause  252
		and Jacobite cause  253
		and wars with France  112
		and wars with France  195
	towns
		34-45
		burghs of barony  34-5
		protests  45
		royal burghs  34
	Townshend, Charles Townshend
		2nd Viscount 189
		201
	Tranant Colliery 207
	Treason Act [1707]
		192-4
		196
	Treaty of Limerick [1691]
		77
		160-1
	Treaty of Ryswick [1697] 94
	Treaty of Union
		and alternatives  292
		and bribery  160-2
		and bribery  167
		and choice of MPs  158
		and customs duties  154-5
		and customs duties  209
		and free trade  137-8
		and free trade  159-60
		and insurrection in South-West  147-52
		and kirk opposition to  133
		and kirk opposition to  134
		and kirk opposition to  139
		and kirk opposition to  141
		and kirk opposition to  144-7
		and removal of Scottish Parliament  171-2
		and representation in British Parliament  130
		and role of Scots in British Army  162-5
		and Scottish institutions  130
		and Scottish institutions  173
		and Scottish nobility  143
		and Scottish nobility  144
		and Scottish nobility  169-70
		and Scottish nobility  189
		and social change  170
		and social change  173
		and social change  209
		and social relations  4-5
		and social relations  173
		and threat of force  160
		breaches of  191-6
		breaches of  199
		Cameronian-Jacobite alliance against  147-54
		components  129-31
		concessions to Church of Scotland  160
		consequences  171-2
		consequences  190
		consequences  191-2
		consequences  209-10
		decline of  154-8
		delivery of \'protestation\'  157-8
		divisions in opposition camp  127-9
		economic concessions  154-6
		explanations for  159-70
		final vote  158
		interpretations of  13-14
		negotiations  128-31
		parliamentary debate  141-4
		petitions  133
		petitions  135-7
		petitions  139
		petitions  156-7
		political necessity  162
		popular opposition to  131-40
		popular support  136-7
		ratification xvi,  131-58
		riots  132
		riots  139-40
		riots  145
		[  1
		[  47
		[  110
		[  127
	Treaty of Utrecht [1713]
		195
		231
	Trebilcock, Clive 206
	Trevor-Roper, Hugh
		2
		6
		170
	Trotsky, Leon
		xix
		165
		187
		206
	Tubuganti 99
	Tucker, Thomas
		32-3
		61
	Tullibardine, William, Marquis of 238
	Turnpike Acts 283
	Turrif 44
	Tweedale, John Hay, Marquis of
		80
		85
		113
		115
		120-1
		233
		248
	Ulster
		xiii
		29-30
		66
		100
	uneven and combined development
		206-9
		275
		299
	uneven development
		xiv
		205-6
	Union of Parliaments [1603] 17
	Union of Parliaments [1707] 18
	United Provinces
		xii
		73-4
		79
		90
		96
		129
		231
		250
	United Societies 146
	Urie, barony of 27
	ursprüngliche Akkumulation 297
	vagrancy
		32
		33
		44
		91
	Vogel, Jeffrey
		289
		300
	Wade, George
		69
		222-3
		241
	wage labourers
		29
		208
	Walker, James
		55
		61
	Walker, Patrick 88
	Wallace, William 287
	Wallerstein, Immanuel
		73
		74
		299
	Walls 93
	Walpole, Robert
		178
		203
	wars between absolutist states
		75-6
		and trade  79
	Watson, James 125
	Weber, Max
		39
		54
	Webster, Alexander
		63
		217
	Wemyss, Earl of 159
	West Germany 14
	West Indies
		40
		42
	Weston, Edward 268
	Whatley, Christopher
		xv
		33
		208
		247
	Whig Interpretation of History 4
	Whiggamore Raid [1648] 28
	Whigs
		111
		178
		196-7
		203-4
		243
		251
		and Anglo-Scottish Union  107
		and Court Party  112
		and Court Party  113
		and Court Party  191-2
		and exclusion of Scottish peers  195
	Whyte, Ian 168
	William II and III [William of Orange]
		21
		46
		79-80
		96-7
		106
		115
		162
		and Darien scheme  98
		and East India Company  83
		and East India Company  84-5
		and union with Scotland  107
		and union with Scotland  115
		succession of  104-5
	Williamson, Sir Joseph 30
	witch-hunts
		65
		103
	Withers, Charles
		61
		221
	Wodrow, Reverend Robert
		97
		98
		101
		194-5
		201-2
		231
	wool
		37
		94
		209
		212
		213
		282
	Worcester
		124
		179
	Wrightson, Keith
		xiv
		89
	Young, James
		7-8
		275-6
		294
		295
		296
		297
		300
		304
	Younger, James Scott, of Logie 137
	Youngson, Alexander 250