Discovering precision health: predict, prevent, and cure to advance health and well-being

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 5
Copyright Page......Page 6
Table of Contents......Page 9
About the Authors......Page 11
Acknowledgments......Page 13
Introduction: The Power of Precision Health......Page 15
 The Precision Health past—and present......Page 16
  Personalized and Precise......Page 17
  Preeminent......Page 18
  “High Touch” and “High Tech”......Page 19
 The time is right for Precision Health......Page 20
 About me......Page 22
 The origins of Precision Health at Stanford......Page 24
 About the book......Page 27
 The Health Paradox......Page 29
 The U.S. Health Care Conundrum......Page 32
 The “Sophisticated” Technology in Doctors’ Offices......Page 33
 The Unfulfilled Potential of Electronic Health Records......Page 34
  Fragmented......Page 36
  Misguided Incentives......Page 38
  Opaque Pricing......Page 39
  Physician Burnout......Page 40
Chapter 2 There’s More to “Health” Than Health Care......Page 47
 Precision Health and Population Health......Page 48
 Genes Are One Piece of the Health Puzzle......Page 49
 Behaviors Can Change—and Do Change......Page 54
Chapter 3 The Innovation and Disruption Powering Progress in Health......Page 57
 Commercialization of Scientific and Technological Advances and the Relationship between Academia and Industry......Page 58
 How Digital Health Can Drive Disruption and Innovation......Page 59
 The Environments That Foster Innovation......Page 61
 How the Arts Helped Advance Antimicrobial Therapy......Page 63
 Shattering the Stroke Treatment Stopwatch......Page 65
  Resistance to Innovation......Page 68
 Developing the Therapeutic Opportunities Associated with Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine......Page 69
 Bringing Innovation to Immunology......Page 72
 The Approaching Revolution in Sleep Research......Page 74
 The Progress Underway in Predicting, Preventing, and Curing Allergies......Page 76
 The Progress toward Predicting, Preventing, and Curing Mental Illness......Page 78
  Disrupting Mental Health Diagnoses......Page 82
  Transforming Mental Health Treatment through Measurement......Page 84
 Advancing Early Detection and Treatment of Autism......Page 87
  The Unlikely Role of Google Glass in Treating Autism......Page 90
 The Benefit of Big Science / Big Pharma Cooperation......Page 92
 Making Babies with Modern Technology......Page 93
  The Creation of “Savior Siblings” to Save Lives......Page 95
  An IVF Success Story......Page 96
 Advancing Science through Citizen Scientists......Page 98
  The Profile of a Citizen Scientist......Page 101
 Developing New Therapeutics and Repurposing Existing Drugs......Page 102
 Accelerating Innovation in Health Technology......Page 106
 How Data Can Improve Medical Education and Help Measure Physician Performance......Page 108
 Developing New and Better Diagnostic Tools......Page 111
 Leveraging Interdisciplinary Innovation to Advance Global Health......Page 113
 Bringing Transparency to Drug Pricing......Page 115
 Doing the “Impossible”: Using Plants to Produce “Meat”......Page 116
 Minimizing Mistakes in Medical Research......Page 119
 Innovation Gone Wrong: Thoughts on Theranos......Page 120
Chapter 4 Fundamental, Discovery-Focused Research: The Foundation of Biomedical Breakthroughs......Page 125
 The Many Different Reasons for Research......Page 126
 A Breakthrough Enabled by Basic Science......Page 127
 Medical Research and Unexpected Discoveries......Page 128
 Discoveries in Molecular Biology That Enabled Genes to Be Cloned......Page 129
 The Birth of Biotechnology: Cloning Genes to Produce Protein......Page 130
 Discovery of a Novel Mechanism Responsible for Regulation of Gene Expression......Page 132
 Elucidation of the Structure of Complex Proteins......Page 133
 Founding the Field of Computational Structural Biology......Page 135
 Unraveling How Neurons Communicate with One Another......Page 136
 Illuminating Our Understanding of the Brain......Page 137
 Pushing Physics—and Other Disciplines—to New Frontiers......Page 140
 Expanding Our Understanding of the Brain’s Development—and Countering Its Decline......Page 141
 Understanding the Mysteries of Aging......Page 144
 Revealing the Roots of Regeneration......Page 147
  Development of Methods to Sort Cells and Make Drugs......Page 152
 A Tool Providing New Insights about Biological Specimens......Page 156
 Training the Next Generation of Leaders in Biomedicine......Page 158
Chapter 5 Peering into the Future: Leveraging the Powers of Prediction to Help Prevent Illness......Page 161
 What Medicine Can Learn from Aviation......Page 162
 Don Listwin’s Campaign to Advance Early Cancer Detection......Page 163
  Back to Basics with Blood Tests......Page 165
 Forward through the Past......Page 170
 Bringing New Precision to Risk Management and Screening for Breast Cancer......Page 171
 New Understanding of Genetics and New Potential to Predict, Prevent, and Cure Disease......Page 173
  More Precise Interpretation of Genetic Testing......Page 175
  Detecting Atrial Fibrillation through Genetic Testing......Page 176
  Genetic Testing to Predict How Patients Will Respond to Specific Drugs......Page 177
 The Emerging Digital Health Revolution......Page 181
  The Uses of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science......Page 182
  Machine Learning Moves into Detection and Prediction......Page 184
  The Power of Data......Page 187
  Tools That Operate in the Background......Page 188
  Bridging “High Touch” and “High Tech”......Page 190
Chapter 6 Prevention as a Pathway to Health and Wellness......Page 191
 Combating Disease through Healthy Food Consumption......Page 192
  New Ideas about Changing Behaviors......Page 193
  Higher Education and Healthier Eating......Page 195
  Healthy Bodies via a Healthy Gut......Page 196
 Deploying a Digital Tool to Improve the Human Diet......Page 200
 Preventing Preterm Birth as Well as Perinatal and Maternal Mortality......Page 204
 Using Prevention to Benefit Children......Page 207
 A Potentially New Chapter in Prevention Coming from Genome Sequencing and Data Science......Page 209
  Livongo......Page 210
  Omada Health......Page 213
 Prevention at Walmart......Page 215
 Prevention at Stanford......Page 217
  Precision Health Pilot......Page 218
 Obstacles to Cures—and Overcoming Them......Page 221
 A More Precise Cancer Treatment: Immunotherapy......Page 224
  Making Headway Toward Conquering Spinal Muscular Atrophy......Page 227
  The Quest to Tackle Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)......Page 229
  Using Gene Therapy and Gene Editing to Treat Disease......Page 230
  Ethical and Moral Issues Connected to Genome Editing......Page 232
  Gene Editing to Treat Sickle Cell Disease......Page 234
  Treating a Painful and Debilitating Skin Condition......Page 236
  The Brain......Page 238
  The Transformative Potential of iPS Cells......Page 240
  Exploring the Therapeutic Value of Organoids......Page 242
 Making Headway in the Fight against HIV‐AIDS......Page 244
 Persistent Threats to Treatment of Infectious Diseases......Page 245
 How Surgery Is Becoming More Efficient and Less Invasive......Page 246
Conclusion: Achieving Precision Health: The Opportunities—and Challenges—Ahead......Page 251
Notes......Page 257
Index......Page 273
EULA......Page 281