Discovering Computers Fundamentals. Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Computers
	A WORLD OF COMPUTERS
	WHAT IS A COMPUTER
		Data and Information
		Information Processing Cycle
	THE COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER
		Input Devices
		Output Devices
		System Unit
		Storage Devices
		Communication Devices
	ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING COMPUTERS
		Advantages of Using Computers
		Disadvantages of Using Computers
	NETWORKS AND THE INTERNET
	COMPUTER SOFTWARE
		System Software
		Application Software
		Installing and Running Programs
		Software Development
	CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS
	PERSONAL COMPUTERS
		Desktop Computers
	MOBILE COMPUTERS AND MOBILE DEVICES
		Notebook Computers
		Mobile Devices
	GAME CONSOLES
	SERVERS
	MAINFRAMES
	SUPERCOMPUTERS
	EMBEDDED COMPUTERS
	EXAMPLES OF COMPUTER USAGE
		Home User
		Small Office/Home Office User
		Mobile User
		Power User
		Enterprise User
	COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN SOCIETY
		Education
		Finance
		Government
		Health Care
		Science
		Publishing
		Travel
		Manufacturing
	CHAPTER SUMMARY
	COMPANIES ON THE CUTTING EDGE
		Apple
		Amazon
	TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS
		Bill Gates
		Tom Anderson
	STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Review
		Key Terms
		Checkpoint
		Problem Solving
		Learn How To
		Learn It Online
		Web Research
	Special Feature: Timeline
CHAPTER 2 The Internet and World Wide Web
	THE INTERNET
		Connecting to the Internet
		Access Providers
		How Data and Information Travel the Internet
		Internet Addresses
	THE WORLD WIDE WEB
		Browsing the Web
		Web Addresses
		Navigating Web Pages
		Searching the Web
		Types of Web Sites
		Evaluating a Web Site
		Multimedia on the Web
		Web Publishing
		E-Commerce
	OTHER INTERNET SERVICES
		E-Mail
		Mailing Lists
		Instant Messaging
		Chat Rooms
		VoIP
		FTP
		Newsgroups and Message Boards
	NETIQUETTE
	CHAPTER SUMMARY
	COMPANIES ON THE CUTTING EDGE
		Google
		eBay
	TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS
		Tim Berners-Lee
		Mark Zuckerberg
	STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Review
		Key Terms
		Checkpoint
		Problem Solving
		Learn How To
		Learn It Online
		Web Research
	Special Feature: Making Use of the Web
CHAPTER 3 Application Software
	APPLICATION SOFTWARE
		The Role of System Software
		Working with Application Software
	BUSINESS SOFTWARE
		Word Processing Software
		Developing a Document
		Spreadsheet Software
		Database Software
		Presentation Software
		Note Taking Software
		Business Software Suite
		Project Management Software
		Personal Information Manager Software
		Business Software for Phones
		Accounting Software
		Document Management Software
		Enterprise Computing Software
	GRAPHICS AND MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
		Computer-Aided Design
		Desktop Publishing Software (for the Professional)
		Paint/Image Editing Software (for the Professional)
		Video and Audio Editing Software (for the Professional)
		Multimedia Authoring Software
		Web Page Authoring Software
	SOFTWARE FOR HOME, PERSONAL, AND EDUCATIONAL USE
		Personal Finance Software
		Legal Software
		Tax Preparation Software
		Desktop Publishing Software (for Personal Use)
		Paint/Image Editing Software (for Personal Use)
		Clip Art/Image Gallery
		Video and Audio Editing Software (for Personal Use)
		Home Design/Landscaping Software
		Travel and Mapping Software
		Reference and Educational Software
		Entertainment Software
	WEB APPLICATIONS
	APPLICATION SOFTWARE FOR COMMUNICATIONS
	LEARNING TOOLS FOR APPLICATION SOFTWARE
		Web-Based Training
	CHAPTER SUMMARY
	COMPANIES ON THE CUTTING EDGE
		Adobe Systems
		Microsoft
	TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS
		Dan Bricklin
		Masayoshi Son
	STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Review
		Key Terms
		Checkpoint
		Problem Solving
		Learn How To
		Learn It Online
		Web Research
		Special Feature: Digital Communications
CHAPTER 4 The Components of the System Unit
	THE SYSTEM UNIT
		The Motherboard
	PROCESSOR
		The Control Unit
		The Arithmetic Logic Unit
		Machine Cycle
		The System Clock
		Comparison of Personal Computer Processors
	DATA REPRESENTATION
	MEMORY
		Bytes and Addressable Memory
		Memory Sizes
		Types of Memory
		RAM
		Cache
		ROM
		Flash Memory
		CMOS
		Memory Access Times
	EXPANSION SLOTS AND ADAPTER CARDS
		Removable Flash Memory
	PORTS AND CONNECTORS
		USB Ports
		FireWire Ports
		Other Ports
		Port Replicators and Docking Stations
	BUSES
	BAYS
	POWER SUPPLY
	PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
	KEEPING YOUR COMPUTER OR MOBILE DEVICE CLEAN
	CHAPTER SUMMARY
	COMPANIES ON THE CUTTING EDGE
		NVIDIA
		Intel
	TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS
		Jack Kilby
		Gordon Moore
	STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Review
		Key Terms
		Checkpoint
		Problem Solving
		Learn How To
		Learn It Online
		Web Research
CHAPTER 5 Input and Output
	WHAT IS INPUT
	KEYBOARD AND POINTING DEVICES
		The Keyboard
		Mouse
		Trackball
		Touchpad
		Pointing Stick
	TOUCH SCREENS AND TOUCH-SENSITIVE PADS
		Touch-Sensitive Pads
	PEN INPUT
	OTHER TYPES OF INPUT
		Other Input for Smart Phones
		Game Controllers
		Digital Cameras
		Voice Input
		Video Input
		Scanners and Reading Devices
		Biometric Input
		Terminals
	WHAT IS OUTPUT
	DISPLAY DEVICES
		LCD Monitors and LCD Screens
		Plasma Monitors
		CRT Monitors
	PRINTERS
		Producing Printed Output
		Nonimpact Printers
		Ink-Jet Printers
		Photo Printers
		Laser Printers
		Multifunction Peripherals
		Thermal Printers
		Mobile Printers
		Plotters and Large-Format Printers
		Impact Printers
	OTHER OUTPUT DEVICES
		Speakers, Headphones, and Earbuds
		Data Projectors
		Interactive Whiteboards
	PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
	INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES FOR PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED USERS
	CHAPTER SUMMARY
	COMPANIES ON THE CUTTING EDGE
		Logitech
		HP
	TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS
		Douglas Engelbart
		Ursula Burns
	STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Review
		Key Terms
		Checkpoint
		Problem Solving
		Learn How To
		Learn It Online
		Web Research
	Special Feature: Digital Video Technology
CHAPTER 6 Storage
	STORAGE
	HARD DISKS
		Characteristics of a Hard Disk
		RAID
		NAS
		External and Removable Hard Disks
		Miniature Hard Disks
		Hard Disk Controllers
		Maintaining Data Stored on a Hard Disk
	FLASH MEMORY STORAGE
		Solid State Drives
		Memory Cards
		USB Flash Drives
		ExpressCard Modules
	CLOUD STORAGE
	OPTICAL DISCS
		CDs
		DVDs and Blu-ray Discs
	OTHER TYPES OF STORAGE
		Tape
		Magnetic Stripe Cards and Smart Cards
		Microfilm and Microfiche
		Enterprise Storage
	PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
	CHAPTER SUMMARY
	COMPANIES ON THE CUTTING EDGE
		Seagate Technology
		SanDisk Corporation
	TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS
		Al Shugart
		Mark Dean
	STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Review
		Key Terms
		Checkpoint
		Problem Solving
		Learn How To
		Learn It Online
		Web Research
CHAPTER 7 Operating Systems and Utility Programs
	SYSTEM SOFTWARE
	OPERATING SYSTEMS
	OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
		Starting and Shutting Down a Computer
		Providing a User Interface
		Managing Programs
		Managing Memory
		Coordinating Tasks
		Configuring Devices
		Establishing an Internet Connection
		Monitoring Performance
		Providing File Management and Other Utilities
		Updating Software Automatically
		Controlling a Network
		Administering Security
	TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
	STAND-ALONE OPERATING SYSTEMS
		Windows 7
		Mac OS X
		Unix
		Linux
	SERVER OPERATING SYSTEMS
	EMBEDDED OPERATING SYSTEMS
	UTILITY PROGRAMS
		File Manager
		Search Utility
		Uninstaller
		Image Viewer
		Disk Cleanup
		Disk Defragmenter
		Backup and Restore Utilities
		Screen Saver
		Personal Firewall
		Antivirus Programs
		Spyware and Adware Removers
		Internet Filters
		File Compression
		Media Player
		Disc Burning
		Personal Computer Maintenance
	CHAPTER SUMMARY
	COMPANIES ON THE CUTTING EDGE
		Verisign
		Research in Motion (RIM)
	TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS
		Steve Wozniak
		Linus Torvalds
	STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Review
		Key Terms
		Checkpoint
		Problem Solving
		Learn How To
		Learn It Online
		Web Research
	Special Feature: Buyer’s Guide: How To Purchase Computers and Mobile Devices
CHAPTER 8 Communications and Networks
	COMMUNICATIONS
	USES OF COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS
		Blogs, Chat Rooms, E-Mail, Fax, FTP, Instant Messaging, Internet, Newsgroups, RSS, Video Conferencing, VolP, Web, Web 2.0, Web Folders, and Wikis
		Wireless Messaging Services
		Wireless Internet Access Points
		Cybercafés
		Global Positioning Systems
		Collaboration
		Groupware
		Voice Mail
		Web Services
	NETWORKS
		LANs, MANs, and WANs
		Network Architectures
		Network Topologies
		Intranets
		Network Communications Standards
	COMMUNICATIONS SOFTWARE
	COMMUNICATIONS OVER THE TELEPHONE NETWORK
		Dial-Up Lines
		Dedicated Lines
	COMMUNICATIONS DEVICES
		Dial-Up Modems
		Digital Modems: ISDN, DSL, and Cable
		Wireless Modems
		Network Cards
		Wireless Access Points
		Routers
	HOME NETWORKS
		Wired Home Networks
		Wireless Home Networks
	COMMUNICATIONS CHANNEL
	PHYSICAL TRANSMISSION MEDIA
		Twisted-Pair Cable
		Coaxial Cable
		Fiber-Optic Cable
	WIRELESS TRANSMISSION MEDIA
		Infrared
		Broadcast Radio
		Cellular Radio
		Microwaves
		Communications Satellite
	CHAPTER SUMMARY
	COMPANIES ON THE CUTTING EDGE
		Cisco Systems
		Verizon
	TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS
		Robert Metcalfe
		Patricia Russo
	STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Review
		Key Terms
		Checkpoint
		Problem Solving
		Learn How To
		Learn It Online
		Web Research
CHAPTER 9 Database Management
	DATABASES, DATA, AND INFORMATION
		Data Integrity
		Qualities of Valuable Information
	THE HIERARCHY OF DATA
		Characters
		Fields
		Records
		Files
	MAINTAINING DATA
		Adding Records
		Modifying Records
		Deleting Records
		Validating Data
	FILE PROCESSING VERSUS DATABASES
		File Processing Systems
		The Database Approach
	DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
		Data Dictionary
		File Retrieval and Maintenance
		Data Security
		Backup and Recovery
	RELATIONAL, OBJECT-ORIENTED, AND MULTIDIMENSIONAL DATABASES
		Relational Databases
		Object-Oriented Databases
		Multidimensional Databases
	WEB DATABASES
	DATABASE ADMINISTRATION
		Database Design Guidelines
		Role of the Database Anaylsts and Administrators
		Role of the Employee as a User
	CHAPTER SUMMARY
	COMPANIES ON THE CUTTING EDGE
		Oracle
		Sybase
	TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS
		E. F. Codd
		Larry Ellison
	STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Review
		Key Terms
		Checkpoint
		Problem Solving
		Learn How To
		Learn It Online
		Web Research
CHAPTER 10 Computer Security and Safety, Ethics, and Privacy
	COMPUTER SECURITY RISKS
	INTERNET AND NETWORK ATTACKS
		Computer Viruses, Worms, Trojan Horses , and Rootkits
		Safeguards against Computer Viruses and Other Malware
		Botnets
		Denial of Service Attacks
		Back Doors
		Spoofing
		Safeguards against Botnets, DoS Attacks, Back Doors, and Spoofing
		Firewalls
		Intrusion Detection Software
	UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS AND USE
		Safeguards against Unauthorized Access and Use
		Identifying and Authenticating Users
		Digital Forensics
	HARDWARE THEFT AND VANDALISM
		Safeguards against Hardware Theft and Vandalism
	SOFTWARE THEFT
		Safeguards against Software Theft
	INFORMATION THEFT
		Safeguards against Information Theft
		Encryption
	SYSTEM FAILURE
		Safeguards against System Failure
	BACKING UP — THE ULTIMATE SAFEGUARD
	WIRELESS SECURITY
	HEALTH CONCERNS OF COMPUTER USE
		Computers and Health Risks
		Ergonomics and Workplace Design
		Computer Addiction
	ETHICS AND SOCIETY
		Information Accuracy
		Intellectual Property Rights
		Green Computing
	INFORMATION PRIVACY
		Electronic Profiles
		Cookies
		Spyware and Adware
		Spam
		Phishing
		Social Engineering
		Privacy Laws
		Employee Monitoring
		Content Filtering
	CHAPTER SUMMARY
	COMPANIES ON THE CUTTING EDGE
		McAfee
		Symantec
	TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS
		Richard Stallman
		Gene Spafford
	STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Review
		Key Terms
		Checkpoint
		Problem Solving
		Learn How To
		Learn It Online
		Web Research
CHAPTER 11 Information System Development and Programming Languages
	SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
		Who Participates in System Development
		Project Management
		Feasibility Assessment
		Documentation
		Data and Information Gathering Techniques
		What Initiates System Development
		Horizon Community College — A Case Study
		Planning Phase
		Planning at Horizon Community College
		Analysis Phase
		Preliminary Investigation at Horizon Community College
		Detailed Analysis at Horizon Community College
		Design Phase
		Hardware Acquisition at Horizon Community College
		Detailed Design at Horizon Community College
		Implementation Phase
		Implementation at Horizon Community College
		Operation, Support, and Security Phase
		Operation, Support, and Security at Horizon Community College
	PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES AND PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
		Low-Level Languages
		Procedural Languages
		Object-Oriented Programming Languages and Program Development Tools
		Other Programming Languages and Development Tools
		Web Page Development
		Multimedia Program Development
	PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
		What Initiates Program Development
		Control Structures
	CHAPTER SUMMARY
	COMPANIES ON THE CUTTING EDGE
		Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC)
		Electronic Arts (EA)
	TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS
		Ed Yourdon
		James Gosling
	STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Review
		Key Terms
		Checkpoint
		Problem Solving
		Learn How To
		Learn It Online
		Web Research
CHAPTER 12 Enterprise Computing
	WHAT IS ENTERPRISE COMPUTING
		Types of Enterprises
		Organizational Structure of an Enterprise
		Levels of Users in the Enterprise
		How Managers Use Information
	INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN THE ENTERPRISE
		Information Systems within Functional Units
		General Purpose Information Systems
		Integrated Information Systems
	ENTERPRISE-WIDE TECHNOLOGIES AND METHODOLOGIES
		Portals
		Communications
		Data Warehouses
		Extranets
		Web Services
		Workflow
		Virtual Private Network
	VIRTUALIZATION AND CLOUD COMPUTING
		Virtualization
		Cloud and Grid Computing
	E-COMMERCE
	ENTERPRISE HARDWARE
		RAID
		Network Attached Storage and Storage Area Networks
		Enterprise Storage Systems
		Blade Servers
	HIGH AVAILABILITY SCALABILITY, AND INTEROPERABILITY
		High-Availability Systems
		Scalability
		Interoperability
	BACKUP PROCEDURES
		Disaster Recovery Plan
	CHAPTER SUMMARY
	COMPANIES ON THE CUTTING EDGE
		EMC
		IBM
	TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS
		Chad Hurley
		Anita Borg
	STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS: Chapter Review
		Key Terms
		Checkpoint
		Problem Solving
		Learn How To
		Learn It Online
		Web Research
	Special Feature: Living Digitally
APPENDIX A: QUIZ YOURSELF ANSWERS
INDEX
CREDITS