Disaster Risk Communication: A Challenge from a Social Psychological Perspective

Foreword to the IDRiM Book Series
	Japan
		Disaster Prevention Research Institute
		International Collaboration
		Major Research Contributions
	Europe
		Integration via Regulation: European Union Experience
		International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)
	The USA
		Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research
		Natural Hazards Center
		Center for Risk and Economic Analysis of Terrorism Events (CREATE)
	Low-Income Countries
		National Interdisciplinary Centers in the Global North
		International Centers
		National and Regional Centers in the Global South
		Summary
	Other Contributions
	Conclusion
	References
Introduction
Contents
Pitfall of Disaster Information
	1 Meta-Messages
	2 Double Bind
	3 Double Binds Involving Disaster Information
	4 Double Bind that Reproduces “Waiting for Information”
		4.1 “Waiting for Information” Causing Slow Evacuation
		4.2 The Double Bind Associated with the Message “Do not Wait for Information”
	5 Double Bind that Reproduces Dependence on Government and Experts
	6 Double Bind that Reproduces an Objective and Unequivocal View of Disaster Information
		6.1 Is It Possible to Remove Ambiguity from Disaster Information?
		6.2 Mutual Dependence of Disaster Information and Disaster Management
	7 Summary—Issues and Challenges
	References
New Approaches Toward Tsunami Risk Preparedness in Japan
	1 Introduction
	2 Risk Predictions
		2.1 Characteristics of Risk Predictions
		2.2 Three Types of Negative Attitudes
	3 Single-Person Drills
		3.1 Ethnographic Studies
		3.2 Design of the Single-Person Drill
		3.3 Implementation Processes
		3.4 Products of Multiscreen Movies
	4 Results
	5 Theoretical Considerations
		5.1 Artefact
		5.2 Practice
		5.3 Identity
		5.4 Functions of Multiscreen Movies
	6 Conclusion
	References
Using Computer Simulation for Effective Tsunami Risk Communication
	1 Introduction
	2 Process to Create Feasible Options
	3 Tsunami Evacuation Evaluation System (TEES)
		3.1 Geographic Information System (GIS)
		3.2 Multi-agent Simulation (MAS)
	4 Implementation to Case Study Area
		4.1 Case Study Area
		4.2 Interview Survey
	5 Proposal of Options Using TEES
		5.1 Present State Simulation
		5.2 Proposed Options Based on TEES
	6 Field Activities to Verify the Feasibility of the Options
		6.1 Workshop
		6.2 Evacuation Drill
	7 Discussion
	8 Conclusion
	References
Gaming Approach to Disaster Risk Communication: Development and Application of the “Crossroad Game”
	1 Introduction
	2 Challenges of Risk Communication
		2.1 Risk Communication and Experts
		2.2 Balance Between Self-help, Mutual Assistance, and Public Assistance
		2.3 The Next Generation
	3 “Crossroad” Game
		3.1 “Crossroad: Kobe”
		3.2 “Crossroad: Oarai”
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Collaborative Community Weather Information
	1 Introduction
	2 Present Status of Residents’ Participation in the Weather and Hydrological Information Process
	3 To Overcome “Overdependence on Information” and the “Attitude of Waiting for More Information”
	4 Collaborative Community Weather Information
	5 Case Study of Collaborative Community Weather Information
	6 Summary and Recommendations
	References
Disaster Education Based on Legitimate Peripheral Participation Theory
	1 Introduction
	2 Previous Studies
	3 Use of Legitimate Peripheral Participation (LPP) Theory
		3.1 LPP
		3.2 Identity-Building Evaluation of Learning
	4 Case Study
		4.1 Abuyama Open Laboratory
		4.2 Manten Seismic Observation Project
		4.3 Collaborative Study Program Between an Elementary School and the Manten Seismic Observation Project
	5 Discussion
		5.1 Change in Identity of Volunteer Supporters
		5.2 Change in Identity of Experts
		5.3 Change in Identity of Pupils
		5.4 Implication for Open Science Movement
	6 Conclusion
	References
Do Developed Countries Learn DRR from Developing Countries?
	1 2015 Nepal Gorkha Earthquake
		1.1 An Overview of Nepal
		1.2 2015 Gurkha Earthquake
		1.3 Response and Recovery
	2 What Is DRR?: In Developed Countries and Developing Countries
		2.1 Why Has DRR Been Insufficient?
		2.2 Are People in Nepal not Prepared for Disasters?
	3 Transformation of DRR and Disaster Education
		3.1 Transformation of DRR
		3.2 Transformation of DRR
	4 What We Can Learn from the Affected Area of the 2015 Earthquake
		4.1 Interview Survey in 2016
		4.2 Interview Survey in 2017
		4.3 Interview Survey in 2018
	5 Conclusion: Need for Long-Lasting Multilateral Surveys
	References
Imminent Warning Communication: Earthquake Early Warning and Short-Term Forecasting in Japan and the US
	1 Introduction
	2 Earthquake Early Warning: Japan and the US West Coast
		2.1 Earthquake Early Warning in Japan
		2.2 Earthquake Early Warning in the United States (West Coast)
	3 Operational Earthquake Forecasting in Japan and the US West Coast
		3.1 Earthquake Forecasting in Japan
		3.2 Earthquake Forecasting in the US
	4 Discussion: Anticipating Large Earthquakes and Their Effects in Japan and the US
	5 Conclusions and Recommendations
	References