Dimensions of Poverty: Measurement, Epistemic Injustices, Activism

Acknowledgment
Contents
About the Contributors
Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Poverty Measurement, Epistemic Injustices and Social Activism
	1 The Importance of Interdisciplinary Poverty Research
	2 Formative Debates in Poverty Research
	3 Previewing the Volume’s Structure and Content
		3.1 Part I: Poverty as a Social Relation
		3.2 Part II: Epistemic Injustices in Poverty Research
		3.3 Part III: Poverty in Context
		3.4 Part IV: Measuring Multidimensional Poverty
		3.5 Part V: Country Cases
	References
Part I: Poverty as a Social Relation
	Beyond Poverty
		1 Introduction
		2 The Poverty Line
		3 Poverty and Capability
		4 Beyond Poverty
		5 Conclusion
		References
	Poverty as a Social Relation
		1 Philosophy of Poverty?
		2 Poverty as a Social Relation
		3 Social Networks and Social Stereotypes
		4 What Follows?
		References
	Metrics, Politics and Definitions: How Poverty Lost Its Social Context and What This Means for Current Debates
		1 Introduction: True or False Poverty
		2 The Sociological Analysis of Poverty: Georg Simmel
		3 The Measurement of Poverty and the Poverty Line: Seebohm Rowntree
		4 The Serendipitous Effects of the Metric: The End of Poverty
		5 The Re-Discovery of Relative Poverty and the Consolidation of Absolute Poverty: Peter Townsend
		6 Conclusion: Current Debates on Poverty
		References
	Part II: Epistemic Injustices in Poverty Research
	Scientific Ghettos and Beyond. Epistemic Injustice in Academia and Its Effects on Researching Poverty
		1 Introduction
		2 Why Justice in Academia Matters
		3 Intersubjective and Institutional Epistemic Injustice
		4 Global Academia: Scientific Dependence, Extraversion and Cognitive Injustice
		5 Situating Epistemic Injustices in Scientific Knowledge Production
			5.1 Size and Location of Prestigious Research Centres
			5.2 Mobility of Scholars on the Global Academic Labour Market
			5.3 Library Facilities and Access to Internet
			5.4 Access to Prestigious Publishing Houses and Highly Ranked Journals
			5.5 Intellectual Property Regimes
		6 Trends in Global Knowledge Production
		7 Effects on Poverty Research: Power Shapes Discourse
		8 Remedying Global Epistemic Injustices in Academia: Fighting Scientific Dependence
		References
	Is the Debate on Poverty Research a Global One? A Consideration of the Exclusion of Odera Oruka’s ‘Human Minimum’ as a Case of Epistemic Injustice
		1 Introduction
		2 Is the Debate on Poverty Research Genuinely a Global One?
		3 The Role of African Philosophy in Global Poverty Research
		4 Odera Oruka and His Theory of the Human Minimum: Contributions to the Global Poverty Debate
		5 A Proposal for a Conversational Approach to the Global Debate on Poverty Research
		6 Conclusion
		References
	Hairiness and Hairlessness: An African Feminist View of Poverty
		1 Hairiness and Hairlessness: An African Feminist View of Poverty
		2 Dimensions of Poverty
		3 African Feminism and Intellectual Poverty
		4 Hairiness and Hairlessness
		5 Combating Intellectual Poverty
		6 Conclusion
		References
	Western Academic Activism and Poverty Research: What’s Not to Like
		1 Introduction
		2 Academic Activism: From Enthusiasm to Caution
		3 Post-Development and the Case Against Western Activism
		4 Activism as Antidote: A Personal Reflection
		References
Part III: Philosophical Conceptions in Context
	Giving Well: Philanthropy for Human Rights
		1 Introduction
		2 Giving Practice
		3 Human Rights
		4 Right to Health
		5 Business Organizations
		6 Social Expectations
		7 Social License to Operate
		8 Status of Soft Law
		References
	Absolute Poverty in European Welfare States
		1 Introduction
		2 Absolute and Relative Poverty in Europe
		3 Vulnerability and in/Visibility of the Absolute Poor in Europe
		4 Conclusions
		References
	Povery, Wealth, and Aid: A Sociological Perspective
		1 Introduction
		2 Georg Simmel and the Global “Poverty Status”
		3 “The Poor”, Impoverishment and Enrichment: A Conceptual Proposal
		4 Wealth and Poverty in Aid Relationships
		5 Conclusion
		References
Part IV: Measuring Multidimensional Poverty
	Multidimensional Poverty Measures as Policy Tools
		1 Introduction
		2 Ending Poverty in All Its Forms
		3 Information Platform Associated with Multidimensional Poverty Indices
		4 Using the MPI Platform to Shape Actions: Country Examples
			4.1 Complementarity
			4.2 Participation and Ownership
			4.3 Monitoring
			4.4 Budget Allocation
			4.5 Targeting Groups: To Leave No One Behind
			4.6 Targeting Households: To Leave No One Behind
			4.7 Policy Coordination
			4.8 Transparency and Accountability
		5 Closing Observations
		References
	Poverty: Beyond Obscurantism
		1 Introduction
		2 Poverty and Evaluation
		3 Income Poverty and Capability Failure: Concept and Cases
			3.1 Global Poverty Estimates
			3.2 Indian Poverty Estimates
			3.3 Poverty in the U.S.
		4 A Way Out: Meaningfully Anchored Poverty Measures
		References
	An Absolute Multidimensional Poverty Measure in the Functioning Space (and Relative Measure in the Resource Space): An Illustration Using Indian Data
		1 Introduction
		2 Multidimensional Poverty Measurement
		3 Options to Adjust Multidimensional Poverty Measures to Relative Considerations
			3.1 Choice of Dimensions and Indicators
			3.2 Choice of Weights
			3.3 Choice of Indicator Threshold
			3.4 Choice of Poverty Line
			3.5 Choice of Reference Population
		4 The Multidimensional Poverty Index
		5 Application to India
			5.1 Education Dimension
			5.2 Standard of Living
			5.3 Results
				5.3.1 Multidimensional Poverty Across States
				5.3.2 Decomposition of Multidimensional Poverty by Household Type and Location
				5.3.3 Decomposition Across Dimensions
		6 Conclusion
		Appendix
		References
	Poverty in All Its Forms: Determining the Dimensions of Poverty Through Merging Knowledge
		1 Introduction
		2 The Dilemmas of Multidimensionality
		3 Extreme Poverty as a Violation of Human Rights
		4 Merging of Knowledge
		5 Merging of Knowledge as Participation
		6 Emerging Knowledge
		7 Conclusion
		References
	The Measurement of Multidimensional Poverty Across Countries: A Proposal for Selecting Dimensions
		1 Introduction
		2 Conceptual Framework
		3 Selecting “ideal” Poverty Dimensions for Cross-Country Comparisons
			3.1 Constitutions
			3.2 Public Consensus Approach
			3.3 Existing Participatory Studies
			3.4 Surveys
			3.5 Getting to the Final List
		4 Conclusions
		References
	Capability Deprivation and the Relational Dimension of Poverty: Testing Universal Multidimensional Indexes
		1 Introduction
		2 Motivation and Normative Foundations
			2.1 Three Cases
			2.2 Poverty as Capability Deprivation
		3 Three Multidimensional Poverty Indexes
			3.1 Human Poverty Index
			3.2 Multidimensional Poverty Index
			3.3 The York Model
			3.4 Assessing Alejandra, Leah and Lennox
		4 A Relational Dimension for Poverty Measurement
			4.1 Measuring the Relational Dimension
		5 Concluding Remarks
		References
	Multidimensional Poverty Measurement: The Value of Life and the Challenge to Value Aggregation
		1 Introduction
		2 The Intuition
		3 Infinite Value
			3.1 Empirical and Normative Arguments for Life’s Infinite Value
		4 Incommensurability and Trumping
			4.1 Explicating the Incommensurability Trumping Thesis
			4.2 Arguments for the Incommensurability Trumping Thesis
		5 Conclusion
		References
Part V: Country Cases
	Mapping Out Non-monetary Dimensions of Well-Being by Ethnicity in Rural Cameroon
		1 Introduction
		2 Concept of Assets and Linkages with Ethnicity
			2.1 The Concept of Assets
			2.2 Ethnicity and Well-Being
		3 Methodology
			3.1 Constructing the Composite Indicator of Well-Being
				3.1.1 Asset Endowment Index: A Polychoric Principal Component Analysis Approach
			3.2 Stochastic Dominance Test
			3.3 Data
			3.4 Construction of Ethnic Groups
		4 Results
			4.1 Description of Different Types of Assets
				4.1.1 Physical Assets
				4.1.2 Human Assets
				4.1.3 Financial/Productive Assets
			4.2 Comparison of Asset Types by Ethnicity
				4.2.1 Physical Assets
				4.2.2 Human Assets
				4.2.3 Financial/Productive Assets
				4.2.4 Aggregate Welfare
			4.3 Political Economy Implications of Ethnicity and Well-Being in Cameroon
		5 Conclusion
		References
	Rising Tide of Precariat and Denizens in Neoliberal Capitalism: The Case of Germany
		1 Introduction: An Extended Approach to MPI Measurements
		2 Mapping the Concept of the Precariat
		3 Multidimensionality of Social Exclusion and Precarity
		4 Methodology: The Analysis of Different Cases of Precarity
			4.1 Precarity of Young Adults
			4.2 Precarity of Academics and People with Higher Education
			4.3 Precarity of Single Parents and the Change in Family Conditions
			4.4 Precarity of Women
			4.5 Precarity of Sick and Disabled People
			4.6 Precarity of Pensioners
			4.7 Denizenship as a Multidimensional Poverty Indicator
		5 Conclusion
		References
	Measuring Capabilities: Using Financial Diaries in Bangladesh
		1 Introduction
		2 Financial Diaries Overview
		3 Approaching Capabilities
		4 Theoretical Framework: Structuring Capabilities
		5 Patriarchy and Bangladesh
		6 The Social Life of Money: Incomes, Transfers and Gifts
		7 Debt
		8 Social Debt: The Role of Howlats and Baki
		9 Conclusion and Limitations: Money in the Making of Society
		References
Name Index
Subject Index