Digital Video Distribution in Broadband, Television, Mobile and Converged Networks: Trends, Challenges and Solutions

DIGITAL VIDEO
DISTRIBUTION IN BROADBAND,
TELEVISION, MOBILE AND
CONVERGED NETWORKS......Page 3
Contents......Page 7
About the Author......Page 15
Preface......Page 17
PART ONE TECHNOLOGY TRENDS......Page 19
1.1 Industry Convergence......Page 21
1.2 Device Convergence......Page 22
1.4 Service Convergence......Page 23
References......Page 27
2.1.1 Block Transform......Page 29
2.1.4 Compressing Even Further......Page 30
2.2.1 Motion Estimation and Compensation......Page 31
2.2.2 Group of Pictures (GOP)......Page 32
References......Page 33
3.1 Internet Television and Video over IP......Page 35
3.1.2 Distribution......Page 36
References......Page 37
4.1 Multicast in IPTV Networks......Page 39
4.2 Multicast in Mobile Networks......Page 40
4.3 Summary......Page 42
References......Page 43
5 Technology Trend and its Impact on Video on Demand Service over Internet......Page 45
5.1 Open versus Closed Networks......Page 46
5.2 Open Networks......Page 48
5.3 Closed Networks......Page 49
5.4 Summary......Page 51
References......Page 52
6 Summary of Part One......Page 53
PART TWO CHALLENGES OF DISTRIBUTING VIDEO IN OPEN NETWORKS......Page 57
7.1.2 Bandwidth......Page 59
7.2.1 Content Distribution Network (CDN)......Page 60
7.2.2 Hosting......Page 62
7.2.3 Hosting versus CDN......Page 63
7.2.4 Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Networks......Page 65
7.2.5 P2P Networks for Content Download......Page 66
7.2.7 CDN versus Caching......Page 68
7.2.8 Hybrid Networks......Page 70
7.2.9 Combining Caching and P2P......Page 71
7.3 Summary......Page 74
References......Page 75
8.1 Resource Estimation......Page 79
8.2 P2P Networks for Streaming......Page 80
8.2.2 Tree-Based P2P Streaming......Page 82
8.2.3 Mesh-Based P2P Streaming......Page 85
8.2.4 Scalability of P2P Networks......Page 89
8.2.5 Comparison of Tree-Based and Mesh-Based P2P Streaming......Page 91
8.3.1 Some Statistics of P2P Traffic......Page 92
8.3.2 Alternative Techniques to Deal with P2P Traffic in ISPs Network......Page 93
8.3.4 P4P Framework......Page 94
8.4 Summary......Page 95
References......Page 96
9 Broadcast Television over the Internet......Page 99
9.1.2 Storage......Page 100
9.2.2 Design of DONet......Page 101
9.2.3 Evaluation of DONet......Page 105
9.2.4 GridMedia......Page 110
9.3.2 Download Dish TV for PC Internet Streaming......Page 120
9.3.7 Online TV Live......Page 121
9.4 Summary......Page 122
References......Page 123
10.1.1 Intellectual Property Asset Creation and Capture......Page 125
10.1.2 Intellectual Property Asset Management......Page 126
10.2 Modeling Content in DRM Functional Architecture......Page 127
10.3 Modeling Rights Expression in DRM Functional Architecture......Page 128
10.4.3 License Distribution......Page 129
10.4.4 License Creation and Assignment......Page 130
10.5 Summary......Page 131
References......Page 132
11.1 QoE Cache: Designing a QoE-Aware Edge Caching System......Page 133
11.1.2 Streaming Optimizer......Page 134
11.1.5 DNS Optimizer......Page 135
11.1.6 TCP Optimizer (Details)......Page 136
11.1.7 Streaming Optimizer (Details)......Page 138
11.1.8 Web Proxy/Cache (Details)......Page 140
11.1.9 Streaming Proxy/Cache (Details)......Page 141
11.1.10 DNS Optimizer (Details)......Page 142
11.2 Further Insights and Optimizations for Video Streaming over Wireless......Page 143
11.2.2 Functional Enhancements to the Basic QoE-Cache......Page 144
11.2.3 Benefits Due to Basic QoE Cache......Page 145
11.2.4 Functional Enhancement to Generic QoE Cache......Page 146
11.3 Performance of the QoE Cache......Page 148
11.3.2 Streaming......Page 149
11.3.3 Performance on a Typical Day......Page 151
11.4.1 Capability of handling Live Streams in addition to Video-on-Demand......Page 153
11.4.4 Video Bit Rate Adaptation for HTTP-Based Progressive Download......Page 154
11.5 Summary......Page 155
References......Page 156
12.1 Introduction......Page 159
12.2 Design Principles......Page 160
12.3.1 Delay and Disruption Tolerant Networking (RFC 4838)......Page 162
12.3.2 BBN’s SPINDLE......Page 165
12.3.3 KioskNet......Page 168
12.4 Converged Architecture......Page 172
12.4.1 Cache and Forward Network Design Goals......Page 173
12.4.2 Architecture......Page 174
12.4.3 Protocols......Page 176
12.4.4 Performance of Protocols in CNF Architecture......Page 179
12.5 Summary......Page 184
References......Page 185
13 Summary of Part Two......Page 187
PART THREE CHALLENGES FOR DISTRIBUTING VIDEO IN CLOSED NETWORKS......Page 191
14 Network Architecture Evolution......Page 193
15.2 Requirements for Providing IPTV Services......Page 195
15.3.1 Bandwidth......Page 196
15.3.3 Resolution......Page 197
15.4.1 Data Encapsulation......Page 198
15.4.2 Transmission Protocols......Page 199
15.5.1 Unicast Transport for Video-on-Demand (VoD)......Page 210
15.5.2 Multicast Transport for Live TV......Page 211
15.6 Summary......Page 226
References......Page 227
16.2 Challenges in Synergizing the Networks and Avoiding Duplication......Page 229
16.3.4 Template for Applications......Page 232
16.4 Commercial Transcoders......Page 233
16.4.2 Important Features......Page 234
16.4.5 Rhozet: Summary......Page 238
16.5.1 Solution Architecture Diagram......Page 240
16.7 Case Study: Virtual Personal Multimedia Library......Page 242
16.8 Summary......Page 243
References......Page 245
17.1.1 Standard-Definition TV (SDTV): Minimum Objectives......Page 247
17.1.2 High-Definition TV (HDTV): Minimum Objectives......Page 249
17.2 QoS Requirements: Transport Layer......Page 250
17.2.1 Standard-Definition Video: Minimum Objectives......Page 253
17.2.2 High-Definition Video: Minimum Objectives......Page 254
17.3 QoS Requirements: Network Layer......Page 255
17.4.1 QoE Requirements for Channel Zapping Time......Page 256
17.5.1 Trick Latency......Page 258
17.6 IPTV QoS Requirements at a Glance......Page 259
References......Page 260
18 Quality of Service (QoS) Monitoring and Assurance......Page 263
18.1 A Representative Architecture for End-to-End QoE Assurance......Page 264
18.2.2 Monitoring Point Definitions......Page 266
18.2.3 Monitoring Parameters......Page 267
18.2.5 Multi-Layer Monitoring......Page 274
18.2.6 Video Quality Monitoring......Page 276
18.2.7 Audio Quality Monitoring......Page 279
18.3.1 IQ Pinpoint – Multidimensional Video Quality Management......Page 280
18.3.2 Headend Confidence Monitoring......Page 283
18.4 Summary......Page 284
References......Page 285
19 Security of Video in Converged Networks......Page 287
19.1 Threats to Digital Video Content......Page 288
19.2.1 DRM Systems......Page 289
19.2.3 Content Protection for Recordable Media and Pre-Recorded Media (CPRM/CPPM)......Page 291
19.2.8 High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP)......Page 292
19.4.1 Content in Converged Networks......Page 293
19.4.3 Threats in Converged Networks......Page 295
19.5 Requirements of a Comprehensive Content Protection System......Page 296
19.6.1 Technical Assumptions......Page 297
19.6.2 Major Components of UCOMAP......Page 298
19.7 Case Study: Secure Video Store......Page 300
19.8 Summary......Page 302
References......Page 303
20 Challenges for Providing Scalable Video-on-Demand (VoD) Service......Page 305
20.1 Closed-Loop Schemes......Page 306
20.1.1 Batching......Page 307
20.1.2 Patching......Page 308
20.1.3 Batched Patching......Page 309
20.1.4 Controlled (Threshold-Based) Multicast......Page 310
20.1.5 Batched Patching with Prefix Caching......Page 311
20.2 Open-Loop Schemes......Page 314
20.2.3 Harmonic Broadcasting......Page 315
20.2.4 Pyramid Broadcasting......Page 316
20.2.5 Skyscraper Broadcasting......Page 317
20.2.6 Comparison of PB, PPB and SB......Page 318
20.2.7 Greedy Disk-Conserving Broadcast (GDB)......Page 319
20.3 Hybrid Scheme......Page 320
20.4 Summary......Page 321
References......Page 322
21 Challenges of Distributing Video in Mobile Wireless Networks......Page 325
21.1 Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS)......Page 326
21.1.1 MBMS User Services......Page 328
21.1.2 MBMS Architecture......Page 330
21.1.3 MBMS Attributes and Parameters......Page 334
21.1.4 Multicast Tree in Cellular Network......Page 335
21.1.5 MBMS Procedures......Page 336
21.1.7 Usage of MBMS Channel Structure......Page 337
21.1.8 MBMS Security......Page 340
21.2 Digital Video Broadcast – Handhelds (DVB-H)......Page 344
21.3 Forward Link Only (FLO)......Page 345
21.4 Digital Rights Management (DRM) for Mobile Video Content......Page 348
21.5 Summary......Page 349
References......Page 350
22 IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) and IPTV......Page 353
22.1.1 Layering on IMS Architecture......Page 354
22.1.2 Overview of Components in IMS Architecture......Page 355
22.1.3 Some Important Components in IMS Architecture......Page 359
22.2 IMS Service Model......Page 362
22.3.1 SIP Registration/Deregistration......Page 363
22.3.2 IMS Subscriber to IMS Subscriber......Page 364
22.4.1 Functional Architecture and Interfaces......Page 365
22.4.3 Discovery and Selection of IPTV Service and Establishment of an IPTV Session......Page 366
References......Page 368
23 Summary of Part Three......Page 371
Index......Page 377