Digital Restoration and Virtual Reconstructions: Case Studies and Compared Experiences for Cultural Heritage

Foreword
Preface
Contents
Virtual Reconstructions
Interpreting and Visualizing the Past Through Virtual Archaeology: From Site to Museum Experience
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
	3 Discussion: The Shape of the Trefoil Hall
		3.1 The Masonry
		3.2 Roofs and Wooden Components
		3.3 Decorative Apparatus
	4 Dissemination of the Interpretative Studies
	5 Conclusion
	References
“Sources of Research” for the Virtual Reconstruction of Ancient Monuments: The Case of Architectural Models
	1 Introduction
	2 ‘Research Sources’
	3 Architectural Scale Models in Archaeology
	4 From Architectural Scale Models to 3D Reconstruction Model: An Example
	References
The Virtual Reconstruction of the Cine-teatro Olympia in Catania for the Documentation and Memory of Places
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Methodology
	4 The Cine-teatro Olympia Timeline Reconstruction
	5 Documentary Sources Research
	6 Digital Survey
	7 The Reconstructive Choices
	8 Degree of Accuracy of the Reconstruction
	9 The Immersive Experience in a Virtual Environment
	10 Conclusions
	References
From Design to Construction: Digital Reconstruction of the Convent’s Kitchen Area in the Monastery of El Escorial
	1 Introduction, Precedents, and Innovation
	2 Description of the Case Study
	3 Surveying Methodology, Analysis, and Main Findings
		3.1 Constructive and Formal Perspectives
		3.2 Functional Perspective
	4 Conclusions
	References
De RE Virtual RES. The Virtual Reconstruction of Rocca Janula in Cassino for a Meaningful “Reading” of the Historical Stratification
	1 Introduction
	2 The Case Study of Rocca Janula in Cassino (Italy)
	3 3D virtual reconstruction as the reverse of the traditional photographic enterprise in restoration
		3.1 First Phase. The Modeling of the Narrated Object
		3.2 Second Phase. The Integrated Virtual Modelling
		3.3 Third Phase. The Virtual Modelling
	4 Conclusions
	References
Digital Heritage: Before, During and After COVID-19: The Aurelian Walls as a Case Study
	1 Foreword: Research in the Field of Digital Heritage, Before, During and After COVID-19
	2 Tree Phases in the Methodologies of Approach to Cultural Heritage
		2.1 First Phase—Acquisition of Digital Content, Elaboration, Virtual Reconstruction
		2.2 Second Phase—Systematization and Development of Online Applications
		2.3 Third Phase—Development of Applications in AR
	3 The Aurelian Walls Circuit: Studies and Research Before, During, and After Covid-19
	4 The Methodology Adopted for the Aurelian Walls
		4.1 First Phase (from 2011 to 2019)
		4.2 Second Phase (from the Beginning of 2020 to 2021)
		4.3 Third Phase (2021 to Today)
	5 Concluding Remarks
	Notes
	References
The “Amiternum Project” on Archaeological Site Valorisation
	1 Introduction: The Amiternum Project
	2 The Site
	3 Between Interpretation, Presentation and Public History
	4 Visualizing Archaeology
	5 Mobile AR for in Site Heritage Visualization
	6 Conclusions
	References
Castellaccio of Monreale: From the Survey to the Visualisation of Virtual Reconstructions
	1 The Castle
	2 The Survey and Analysis for Virtual Reconstruction
	3 The Visualisation and Navigation of Virtual Spaces
	4 Conclusions and Future Aim
	References
Images of the Disappeared Puerta Real in Seville
	1 Introduction: Historical and Urban Context
	2 Urban Images from the 16th to the Nineteenth Centuries
	3 Archaeological Remains
	4 Formal Composition and Layout
	5 Final Considerations
	References
Digital Reconstruction for the Analysis of Conservation State: The Transmission of Historical Memory of St. George and the Dragon Tile in San Michele Basilica Facade
	1 Introduction
		1.1 State of Art and Case Study
		1.2 Historical Background
	2 Project Development Methods
		2.1 Survey and Acquisitions of Data
		2.2 Virtual and Physical 3D Reconstructions
		2.3 Usability and Potential of the Digital Three-Dimensional Reconstruction
	3 Conclusion
	References
Architecture and Archeology. Virtual Reconstruction of Ipi’s Tomb TT315 in Deir-el-Bahari, Theban, Egypt
	1 Introduction
	2 Bakground: Historical Analysis of the Monument and Construction Stages
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
	5 Conclusions
	6 Innovation and Original Aspects
	References
Diachronic 3D Reconstruction of a Roman Bridge: A Multidisciplinary Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 The Case Study
	3 Method
		3.1 Interpretation of the Monument Through Metrological Analysis
		3.2 From the Large-Scale to Detail: On-Site Survey and Compilation of SUM Context Sheets
	4 The Virtual Reconstruction
	5 Conclusions
	References
Digital Restoration
Multidisciplinary Approach for the Knowledge of Historical Built: Digital Tools for the Virtual Restoration
	1 Introduction
	2 Background and Applied Method
	3 The HBIM for the Restoration of the Santa Maria della Vittoria Church
		3.1 The Knowledge Phase: From the Survey to Thematic Analyses
		3.2 The HBIM Model for Virtual Restoration
	4 Digital Tools for the E-conservation
	5 Conclusions
	References
Virtual Restoration and Persuasive Storytelling for a Virtual Visit to Palazzo Rosso, Genoa
	1 The 5G Project at Palazzo Rosso
	2 Technologies and Objectives
	3 Virtual Restoration Techniques at Palazzo Rosso
	4 Immersive Clips, Animated Paintings and Digital Photogrammetry
	5 Conclusions
	References
Methodological Practice for the Physical and Virtual Reconstruction of “Absent” Museum Goods: Hypotheses for Their Protection, Valorization and Inclusive Dissemination
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Digital Communication of Cultural Heritage
		1.2 Tactile Perception of Hidden Cultural Heritage
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 State of the Art
		2.2 Data Acquisition
		2.3 Data Processing
	3 Exhibition Spaces and Routes
		3.1 Documentation and Design
		3.2 The Integrated Fruition Model
	4 Conclusions
	References
Structural Investigation on 3D Reality Based Models for Cultural Heritage Conservation and Virtual Restoration
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Theoretical Background: Reality-Based 3D Modelling
		1.2 Creation of Volumetric Models of Cultural Heritage for FEA
		1.3 Mesh: Triangular-Based and Quad-Dominant
		1.4 Finite Element Analysis—FEA
	2 Methodology
	3 Validation
	4 Application
	5 Virtual Restoration
	6 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Digital Enjoyment and Virtual Musification
Roman Theatre Experience the Making of Digital Reconstruction
	1 Research Gap
	2 Methodological Framework
	3 Representation Models as a Cognitive and Expressive Means of Communication
	4 Museum Experience
	5 Conclusion
	References
Archaeology of the Present: Knowledge as a Strategy for Claiming the Value of Contemporary Authorial Architecture
	1 The Legal Framework and the Need for Protecting Contemporary Authorial Architecture
	2 Umbrian Architecture: Not Only Middle Ages
	3 Three Lost Authorial Buildings
		3.1 Perugia, Civic Slaughterhouse (Claudio Longo, 1967)
		3.2 Corciano, EH System Housing Module (Renzo Piano and Peter Rice, 1978)
		3.3 Todi, Exhibition Pavilion of the Antiquarian Fair (Carlo Aymonino and Paolo Portoghesi 1982)
	4 From the Survey of Lost Architecture to the Archaeological Museum of the Present
	Notes
	References
Visual Journalism Applications: 3D Modeling for Cultural Heritage Sites Visualization
	1 Introduction
	2 Hi-tech and Low-tech Knowledge for Visual Communication
	3 Visual Journalism as Low-tech Tool Communication for Cultural Heritage
	References