Digital Manufacturing Technology for Sustainable Anthropometric Apparel

Front Cover
Digital Manufacturing Technology for Sustainable Anthropometric Apparel
Copyright Page
Contents
List of contributors
About the editor
Preface
1 Sustainable Apparel Manufacturing IR 4.0
	1 Sustainable apparel technical and vocational education and training (TVET): integrating technology for skills training
		1.1 Transforming towards the new sustainable apparel industry
		1.2 Sustainable apparel education
			1.2.1 Apparel sustainable knowledge
			1.2.2 Apparel sustainable technical and vocational education and training skills
			1.2.3 Apparel sustainable technology
		1.3 Changes in sustainable apparel technical and vocational education and training education
			1.3.1 Adoption of pedagogical teaching using technology
			1.3.2 Internship collaborations between industry and academia
		1.4 Industry changes towards ensuring the right skill set for workers
			1.4.1 Innovation challenge 1: digital technology with sustainable process integrated
			1.4.2 Innovation challenge 2: digital communication and data analytics inclusivity
		1.5 Design, technology, and fit in relation to skills
		1.6 Conclusion and future direction for technical and vocational education and training apparel apprenticeship
			1.6.1 Competency work-based syllabus for apparel apprenticeship
			1.6.2 Apparel apprenticeship training integrating the sustainability concept
		References
		Further Reading
	2 The role of 3D measurement technology and anthropometric data for improved garment fit and sustainable manufacturing
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 Background
			2.2.1 The body as a 3D object
			2.2.2 The garment as a 2D object
			2.2.3 Garment and pattern geometry
			2.2.4 2D body-shape and pattern geometry
			2.2.5 Fitting and sampling
			2.2.6 Grading
			2.2.7 Fit assessment
				2.2.7.1 Challenge for 3D technology
		2.3 Geometrically defining body-shape
			2.3.1 Measuring process for body-shape using landmarks
				2.3.1.1 Patch boundary landmarks
				2.3.1.2 Sub-divisional landmarks
			2.3.2 Body-block
		2.4 Geometrically defined ease
			2.4.1 Ease as tool for fit assessment
			2.4.2 Body-block ease
			2.4.3 Template block ease
			2.4.4 Material ease
			2.4.5 Style ease
		2.5 Garment fit as a driver for sustainability
			2.5.1 Improved application of fit preference data
			2.5.2 Improved garment fit
			2.5.3 Driving circular production models
			2.5.4 Bridging virtual-to-physical practice
		2.6 Conclusion and future trends
		Acknowledgement
		Sources for further information
		References
	3 Social manufacturing in the fashion industry to generate sustainable fashion value creation
		3.1 Introduction
		3.2 Paradigm shifts in the evolution of fashion business
		3.3 Some directions for developing and implementing a social manufacturing ecosystem
		3.4 What is the advantage of engaging in social manufacturing?
		3.5 The smile curve in the global value chain in the world of fashion
		3.6 Big data and IoT will impact the fashion manufacturing industry
		3.7 Social cloud manufacturing
		3.8 Social platform manufacturing
		3.9 Gaining edge with social manufacturing for green fashions
		3.10 Global trend for fast fashion to slow down
		3.11 Some key policies, strategies, and goals to maintain sustainability in the fashion industry
		3.12 Conclusion—social manufacturing with synergy for sustainability
		References
		Further reading
2 Technology and Application of Anthropometric Data
	4 Reliability and ethical issues in conducting anthropometric research using 3D scanner technology
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 Importance of anthropometric research in the apparel industry
		4.3 The 3D body scanning technology and anthropometric sizing surveys
			4.3.1 The 3D anthropometric sizing surveys
			4.3.2 The 3D body scanning technology for anthropometric surveys
				4.3.2.1 Laser-based system
				4.3.2.2 Structured light-based system
				4.3.2.3 Multiview camera system
				4.3.2.4 Radio-wave linear-array image capture, also known as millimeter-wave
		4.4 The 3D body scanning technology: types and reliability
		4.5 The 3D body scanning: test of validity
		4.6 The 3D body scanning anthropometric survey protocols
		4.7 Ethical issues in conducting anthropometric research
			4.7.1 Obtaining ethical approval
			4.7.2 Ethical conduct in research as practice
			4.7.3 Specific ethical concerns on the use of an optical 3D measuring system
		4.8 Privacy protection
		4.9 Apparel industry: moving forward with 3D body scanning technology
		4.10 Conclusion and future trends
		4.11 Sources for further information and advice
		References
	5 Data management and processing of 3D body scans
		5.1 Introduction
		5.2 Creation of individual 3D anthropometric data
			5.2.1 Processing 3D body scans
			5.2.2 Data-driven 3D reconstruction of individual human models
				5.2.2.1 Creation of individual 3D body models from anthropometric measurements
				5.2.2.2 Creation of 3D body models from images
				5.2.2.3 Creation of 3D body models from low-cost scanners
		5.3 A sustainable ecosystem for anthropometric data management and re-valorization
			5.3.1 The anthropometric data dictionary
			5.3.2 The 3D body templates
			5.3.3 Anonymization of 3D anthropometric data
		5.4 Conclusions
		Acknowledgments
		References
	6 3D anthropometric i.Dummy for sustainable clothing design and fit
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 Product design
			6.2.1 Shape design involving 3D scanning body profile data
			6.2.2 Cross-section level design
			6.2.3 B-spline curve construction
			6.2.4 Shape generation
			6.2.5 Panels and kinematics design
			6.2.6 Validation
		6.3 Development of the i.Dummy’s technology (hardware and software)
		6.4 Hardware design
		6.5 Full range of i.Dummy series
		6.6 Connectivity of i.Dummy to a 3D body scanner
		6.7 Sustainable application of the 3D i.Dummy in clothing design and fit
			6.7.1 Bespoke menswear
			6.7.2 i.Dummy for fit assessment
			6.7.3 i.Dummy use in technical fashion education
			6.7.4 i.Dummy as a research tool
			6.7.5 i.Dummy for e-tailing platform
		6.8 Conclusion
		6.9 Sources for further information
		References
	7 Digital fashion technology: a review of online fit and sizing
		7.1 The evolution of online fashion-size charts
		7.2 Predictive systems and their classification
			7.2.1 Development of online fit systems
		7.3 Virtual fit and size and fit-enabling technologies/online shopping for size and fit
		7.4 Case study of My Virtual Model
		7.5 Case study of Metail
		7.6 Case study of Fitbay
		7.7 Theory of sizing
			7.7.1 Key developments in theories of sizing
			7.7.2 Exploring proportions in product development processes
			7.7.3 Classification of the figure and proportions in sizing
		7.8 Sizing and fit
		7.9 Making anthropometrics accessible to the consumer
		7.10 How body scanning changed online
		7.11 Mobile scanning interface development
		7.12 Human measurement to product development
		7.13 Future developments in online retail in a digital age
		References
3 Anthropometric Sizing and Mass Customization Technology
	8 Importance of sizing and fit using 3D technology
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 The 3D body scanning technology
			8.2.1 Introduction to NX 16 3D body scanner
			8.2.2 Calibration
			8.2.3 The 3D body scanning procedure
		8.3 Determination of reliability and accuracy of NX16 3D body scanner
			8.3.1 Reliability results
			8.3.2 Accuracy results
		8.4 Comparison of 3D body shapes according to BMI categories
		8.5 Importance of sizing and fit using 3D technology
		8.6 Conclusion
		References
	9 The production system of mass customization using 3D body scanning technology
		9.1 Introduction
		9.2 3D body scanning in apparel mass customization production
			9.2.1 Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing systems
			9.2.2 Modular design
			9.2.3 Modular production system, unit production system, and flexible manufacturing system
			9.2.4 Additive manufacturing/3D printing
		9.3 Future directions
		9.4 Sources for further information
		References
	10 The effective communication system using 3D scanning for mass customized design
		10.1 Introduction
		10.2 Body scanning methods in commercial settings
		10.3 Effective e-commerce communication using 3D technologies
			10.3.1 Online product configurators and codesign
			10.3.2 Fit quiz/size recommendation
			10.3.3 Virtual try-on
		10.4 Conclusion and future directions
		10.5 Sources of further information
		Reference
Index
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