Digital Heritage: Applying Digital Imaging to Cultural Heritage

DIGITAL HERITAGE......Page 3
DIGITAL HERITAGE......Page 5
CONTENTS......Page 9
PREFACE......Page 15
FOREWORD......Page 17
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS......Page 21
USER REQUIREMENTS......Page 25
The British Library......Page 27
The Library’s Digitisation Programme......Page 31
Standards and Guidelines......Page 34
Digitisation Methods......Page 37
Case Study – Collect Britain......Page 39
The Users......Page 48
Further Reading......Page 55
Introduction......Page 57
Surrogates......Page 58
Challenges......Page 59
Passionate Commitment......Page 63
Faithfulness......Page 65
Completeness......Page 70
Authenticity......Page 71
Archival File Repositories and Derivatives......Page 72
Experimentation......Page 74
'Consumer' Demands......Page 78
Strategies......Page 79
The Future......Page 88
References......Page 90
Introduction......Page 93
Photography of the V&A Collection......Page 94
First Steps Towards Digitisation......Page 95
Image Identification......Page 97
Getting Started With Digitisation......Page 99
Image Management......Page 106
Imaging Applications......Page 111
Future Plans......Page 114
References......Page 116
Introduction......Page 117
The Alinari Photo Archive......Page 120
Architecture of the Database System......Page 122
Cataloguing: Populating the Database......Page 126
Search Engine Modes......Page 130
Software System......Page 131
XL- Image Software......Page 133
Image Compression......Page 135
Conclusions......Page 137
Web References......Page 138
Introduction......Page 139
Stakeholders and User Requirements......Page 141
Process Flow......Page 144
Digital Camera Selection......Page 147
Modifying Existing Workflows......Page 154
Colour Image Processing......Page 156
Workflow from Photography to Print......Page 163
Developments over the Past Decade......Page 164
Conclusion......Page 169
References......Page 170
Introduction......Page 173
Non- Image- Based Survey Techniques......Page 174
Image- Based Survey Techniques......Page 177
3D Laser Scanning......Page 187
Comparison of Techniques......Page 192
Acknowledgements......Page 195
Web links......Page 196
Glossary......Page 197
TECHNOLOGY......Page 199
Introduction......Page 201
Components of a Digital Camera......Page 202
History of Digital Cameras......Page 208
Film Camera versus Digital Camera......Page 213
Image Processing......Page 224
Conclusion......Page 232
References......Page 233
Introduction......Page 235
Infrared Reflectography of Ancient Paintings......Page 236
Developments with CCD Technology......Page 243
Infrared Examination of Papyri......Page 253
Conclusion......Page 260
References......Page 262
Introduction......Page 263
The Continuous Image Model......Page 264
The Discrete Cosine Transform......Page 267
Image Spectra and Aliasing......Page 270
Image Resizing......Page 273
The Fourier Transform of the Continuous Image......Page 277
Conclusion......Page 280
Bibliography......Page 281
Image Databases......Page 283
How Images are Stored and Retrieved......Page 287
Searching......Page 291
Delivery of Images......Page 293
Metadata Standards......Page 296
An Image Database in Practice......Page 299
Image Database Architecture......Page 304
The Image Database API......Page 309
References......Page 314
Introduction......Page 317
Colorimetry and Colour Vision......Page 318
Colour Appearance......Page 320
Colour Measurement......Page 324
Goals of Colour Encoding and Reproduction......Page 328
Properties of Coloured Media......Page 330
Characterisation......Page 334
Colour Management Using ICC Profiles......Page 338
Using Profiles in a Colour Reproduction Workflow......Page 341
Colour Management Issues for Heritage Photography......Page 345
Conclusions......Page 347
References......Page 348
Introduction......Page 351
Image Compression Steps......Page 352
Advantages of JPEG2000......Page 355
Document Compression......Page 358
Market Acceptance and Products......Page 360
Application at Alinari Photographic Archive......Page 362
Application at the German Resistance Memorial Centre......Page 368
References......Page 374
Introduction......Page 375
Quality in Image Reproduction......Page 376
Image Quality Assessment......Page 381
Dimensions of Image Quality......Page 386
Image Quality Metrics......Page 390
References......Page 396
Bibliography......Page 397
APPLICATIONS......Page 399
Photographic Techniques......Page 401
Object Characteristics......Page 404
Photographic Equipment......Page 405
Setting the Scene......Page 412
The VITRA Project......Page 418
Site Testing......Page 425
References......Page 433
Registered Trademarks......Page 434
Introduction......Page 435
Survey of Stained Glass Studios......Page 436
Photography of Stained Glass......Page 438
Camera Characterisation......Page 440
Removing Shadows from Images of Stained Glass......Page 444
Image Segmentation......Page 455
Feature Extraction......Page 460
Image Mosaicing......Page 461
Conclusions......Page 465
References......Page 467
Introduction to Interface Design......Page 469
Digital Cultural Heritage......Page 472
Audiences......Page 474
The Experience of Digital Cultural Heritage......Page 476
Access to Digital Cultural Heritage......Page 479
Technology......Page 481
Review of European Funded Projects in the Field of Digital Heritage......Page 485
Conclusions......Page 488
References......Page 489
Introduction......Page 491
The Geometry of Panoramic Images......Page 494
Rendering Panoramic Images as 3D Objects......Page 496
Progressive Compression of Zoomable Panoramic Images......Page 503
Conclusions......Page 508
Bibliography......Page 510
Introduction......Page 513
3D Digitisation......Page 514
Creating the 3D Model......Page 521
Simulating Surfaces in 3D......Page 526
Visualising Polychrome Sculpture......Page 532
St. Christopher......Page 534
The Dormition......Page 540
References......Page 542
Imaging for Technical Examination......Page 545
Imaging for Publication and Conservation Documentation......Page 562
References......Page 569
Introduction......Page 573
Background to Research Policy for Digital Culture and Heritage......Page 574
Case Study: The Introduction of Digital Imaging and Multimedia to a Museum......Page 579
Attitudes and Uses: Implications for Research......Page 587
The Future of Digital Heritage Research: The State-of-the-Art and Scenario Building......Page 591
Picture Credits......Page 596
References......Page 597
I N D E X......Page 599