Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function

Front Matter....Pages i-xiii
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Control of Plasma Phenylalanine Levels....Pages 3-12
Adrenergic Influence on Plasma and Brain Concentrations of Phenylalanine and Other Large Neutral Amino Acids in Rats....Pages 13-17
Effect of Aspartame on Plasma Phenylalanine Concentration in Humans....Pages 18-40
Aspartame Consumption in Normal Individuals and Carriers for Phenylketonuria....Pages 41-52
Front Matter....Pages 53-53
Phenylalanine Transport at the Human Blood-Brain Barrier....Pages 55-62
Regional Transport of Phenylalanine and Other Neutral Amino Acids Across the Blood-Brain Barrier....Pages 63-67
Dual Role of Transport Competition in Amino Acid Deprivation of the Central Nervous System by Hyperphenylalaninemia....Pages 68-78
Front Matter....Pages 79-79
An In Vivo Study of Dopamine Release in Striatum: The Effects of Phenylalanine....Pages 81-86
Effects of Aspartame Ingestion on Large Neutral Amino Acids and Monoamine Neurotransmitters in the Central Nervous System....Pages 87-94
Aspartame, Phenylalanine, and Seizures in Experimental Animals....Pages 95-103
Behavioral and Neurological Effects of Aspartame....Pages 104-110
Role of Monoamines in Seizure Predisposition in the Genetically Epilepsy-Prone Rat....Pages 111-121
Aspartame Administration Decreases the Entry of α-Methyldopa into the Brain of Rats....Pages 122-126
The Effect of Aspartame on 50% Convulsion Doses of Lidocaine....Pages 127-130
Studies on the Susceptibility to Convulsions in Animals Receiving Abuse Doses of Aspartame....Pages 131-143
General Discussion: Calculation of the Aspartame Dose for Rodents that Produces Neurochemical Effects Comparable to Those Occurring in People....Pages 144-148
Front Matter....Pages 149-149
Monoamines and Seizures in Humans....Pages 151-158
The Possible Role of Aspartame in Seizure Induction....Pages 159-162
Effects of Aspartame on Seizures in Children....Pages 163-168
Aspartame and Human Behavior: Cognitive and Behavioral Observations....Pages 169-178
Front Matter....Pages 149-149
Effects of High Plasma Phenylalanine Concentration in Older Early-Treated PKU Patients: Performance, Neurotransmitter Synthesis, and EEG Mean Power Frequency....Pages 179-186
Changes in Physiological Concentrations of Blood Phenylalanine Produce Changes in Sensitive Parameters of Human Brain Function....Pages 187-195
The Effects of Aspartame on Human Mood, Performance, and Plasma Amino Acid Levels....Pages 196-200
Aspartame and Behavior in Children....Pages 201-206
Responses to Carbohydrate Consumption Among Insulin-Dependent Diabetics....Pages 207-210
Front Matter....Pages 211-211
Epidemiology and Natural History of Phenylketonuria and Other Hyperphenylalaninemias....Pages 213-227
Reconsidering the Genetics of Phenylketonuria: Evidence from Molecular Genetics....Pages 228-237
Effect of Phenylalanine on Brain Maturation: Implications for the Treatment of Patients with Phenylketonuria....Pages 238-243
Patterns of Phenylalanine Metabolites, Vitamin B 6 Status, and Learning Disabilities in Phenylketonuria Children: Modeling for Diet Criteria....Pages 244-248
The Neurotoxic Metabolite of Phenylalanine in Phenylketonuria....Pages 249-253
Increased Vigilance and Dopamine Synthesis Effected by Large Doses of Tyrosine in Phenylketonuria....Pages 254-260
Effect of Dietary Tryptophan Supplement on Neurotransmitter Metabolism in Phenylketonuria....Pages 261-264
Effect of Aspartame in Diabetic Rats....Pages 265-268
Maternal Phenylketonuria Collaborative Study (MPKUCS): USA and Canada....Pages 269-271
Front Matter....Pages 273-273
Effects of Aspartame on Appetite and Food Intake....Pages 275-295
Effects of Phenylalanine and Aspartame on Mealtime Food Intake and Behavior in Adult Males....Pages 296-299
Front Matter....Pages 301-301
Aspartame and Headache....Pages 303-312
The Effect of Aspartame Consumption on Migraine Headache: Preliminary Results....Pages 313-316
Monitoring of Adverse Reactions to Aspartame Reported to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration....Pages 317-337
Front Matter....Pages 339-339
Facts and Myths Related to the Use and Regulation of Phenylalanine and Other Amino Acids....Pages 341-347
Front Matter....Pages 339-339
Perspectives of the Health-Food Industry on the Use of Pure Phenylalanine....Pages 348-352
Front Matter....Pages 353-353
Regulation of Food Additives with Neurotoxic Potential....Pages 355-360
Regulatory Aspects of the Use of Low-Calorie Intensive Sweeteners....Pages 361-364
Resources for Inferential Estimates of Aspartame Intake in the United States....Pages 365-372
Neurological, Psychiatric, and Behavioral Reactions to Aspartame in 505 Aspartame Reactors....Pages 373-376
Public Policy and Food Additives: The NutraSweet Controversy....Pages 377-380
The Regulatory Process and Aspartame: Why the Controversy?....Pages 381-385
Front Matter....Pages 387-387
Conference on Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function, May 8–10, 1987, Washington, DC....Pages 389-391