Dietary fats and risk of chronic disease

Dietary Fats and Risk of Chronic Disease......Page 1
Preface......Page 3
Contributors......Page 4
Contents......Page 11
PART I: Overview......Page 14
Introduction......Page 15
How Much Fat Should We Eat?......Page 16
What Kind of Fats Should We Eat?......Page 18
Conclusion......Page 19
References......Page 21
PART II: Cancer......Page 22
Mediators of Cachexia......Page 23
Proinflammatory Cytokines......Page 24
Treatment of Cachexia......Page 26
Clinical Evidence......Page 27
Mode of Action of EPA......Page 31
References......Page 33
Introduction......Page 40
Oxidation of BGO-FFA......Page 41
Cell Viability Assay......Page 42
Results and Discussion......Page 43
References......Page 49
Introduction......Page 52
Lipid Analyses: Red Blood Cells......Page 53
Cancer Biopsies......Page 54
Dietary Questionnaires......Page 55
Therapeutical Interventions......Page 57
Multimodality Approaches for Laryngeal Cancer Management......Page 60
Future Studies......Page 61
Conclusion......Page 62
References......Page 63
PART III: Obesity......Page 67
Introduction......Page 68
Test Diets......Page 69
Test Protocol......Page 71
Statistical Analysis......Page 74
Anthropometric Variables......Page 75
Blood Chemistry......Page 78
Discussion......Page 83
References......Page 85
Antiobese and Hypolipidemic Effects of CLA in OLETF Rats......Page 89
Antihypertensive Effect of CLA in OLETF Rats......Page 92
Antidiabetic and Antihypertensive Effects of CLA in Zucker Rats......Page 94
Summary......Page 96
References......Page 97
Introduction......Page 101
Experimental Fats......Page 102
Animals and Diets......Page 103
Hepatic Enzyme Activities......Page 104
Serum and Liver Lipid Concentrations......Page 105
Hepatic Lipogenic Enzyme and beta-Oxidation Activities......Page 106
Serum Concentration of TNF-alpha and Leptin......Page 107
Discussion......Page 108
References......Page 112
Adipocytokines, Adipocyte Functions, Obesity-related Pathologies......Page 115
IL-6......Page 116
Leptin......Page 117
Adiponectin......Page 118
Chemokines and Adipocytes......Page 119
Circulating Adipocytokine Levels......Page 120
Involvement of Macrophage Chemokine, Adipose Tissue Macrophage, and Inflammation......Page 121
Acknowledgments......Page 122
References......Page 123
PART IV: Inflammation......Page 128
T Cell Defects in SLE......Page 129
Loss of Tolerance in SLE......Page 132
Role of n-3 FAs in SLE......Page 133
Effect of n-6 and n-3 Lipids on Osteoporosis......Page 136
References......Page 138
Introduction......Page 146
Dietary Protocol......Page 148
Analysis of Serum Fatty Acids......Page 149
Analysis of PMN Leukotriene B4......Page 150
Analysis of PMN Phospholipid Fatty Acids......Page 151
Profile of Unsaturated Fatty Acids in the Sera of Patients......Page 152
Profile of Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Neutrophil Phospholipids of Patients......Page 153
Suppression of ex vivo PMN Biosynthesis of LTB4 by Dietary GLA Supplementation......Page 154
Increased DGLA in PMN-Phospholipids Suppresses PMN-LTB4 Generation......Page 155
Evaluation of Clinical Responses......Page 156
Discussion......Page 157
References......Page 160
PART V: Vascular Mechanisms......Page 163
Introduction......Page 164
Unsaturated FAs......Page 165
Saturated FAs......Page 167
Dietary Fat Amount......Page 169
Dietary Fat Quality......Page 170
Summary......Page 171
References......Page 172
Introduction......Page 175
Animals and Diets......Page 177
Effects of Dietary Casein, SPHP and Chitosan on Cholesterol Metabolism and the Hepatic Gene Expression Related to Cholesterol Metabolism in Rats in vivo Experiment 2......Page 178
RNA Analysis......Page 179
Effects of Dietary Casein, SPHP and Chitosan on Cholesterol Metabolism and the Hepatic Gene Expression Related to Cholesterol Metabolism in Rats in vivo Experiment 2......Page 182
Discussion......Page 183
Summary......Page 187
References......Page 188
Introduction......Page 193
Northern Blot Analysis......Page 194
DCA, LCA and CDCA, but not UDCA, Induce LDL Receptor Gene Expression......Page 195
CDCA Prolongs the Half-life of LDL Receptor mRNA......Page 196
Discussion......Page 197
References......Page 200
Structure and Distribution......Page 203
Physical and Biological Functions......Page 204
Prevention of Neuronal Apoptosis......Page 206
References......Page 207
PART IV: Dietary Supplements......Page 210
Infections in the Infant......Page 211
Components in Human Milk that Protect the Infant from Infection......Page 212
Obesity......Page 213
Insulin Resistance......Page 214
Blood Pressure......Page 217
Coronary Heart Disease CHD......Page 218
Cognitive Development and Alzheimer’s Disease......Page 219
Fetal Growth Retardation, Cytokines, LCPUFAs, and Adult Diseases......Page 220
Conclusion and Therapeutic Implications......Page 221
References......Page 225
Introduction......Page 235
Postprandial Study with Practical Food 7......Page 237
Postprandial Study with Practical Food 7......Page 238
Two-year Consumption Study 13......Page 240
Discussion......Page 243
Summary......Page 246
References......Page 247
Introduction......Page 249
Animals and Diets......Page 250
Biochemical Measurements......Page 253
Experiment 1......Page 255
Experiment 2......Page 258
Discussion......Page 260
References......Page 264
Dietary Fat and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes......Page 269
Effect of Dietary Fat Quality on Obesity as a Predictor of Type 2 Diabetes......Page 270
Conjugated Linoleic Acid Delays Progression to Type 2 Diabetes in Zucker Diabetic Fatty lepr -/- Rats......Page 271
CLA Lowers Adipose Tissue Mass and Modulates Insulin Sensitivity in Non-Diabetic Human Subjects......Page 272
The CLA Paradox: What Is the Missing Link?......Page 273
Is There a Role for Foods Rich in CLA to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes in Humans?......Page 274
Acknowledgments......Page 275
References......Page 276
Introduction......Page 280
Phospholipase A2 Mediated 2-PUFA-PL Synthetic Reaction......Page 281
Suppression of Fibrosarcoma......Page 282
Optimal Condition to Produce 2-PUFA-PL 25......Page 283
Antitumor Properties of 2-DHA-PL......Page 285
References......Page 288