Diagnostic Imaging ; Breast

Front Cover......Page 1
Diagnostic Imaging: Breast......Page 5
Copyright Page......Page 6
Dedications......Page 7
Contributing Authors......Page 8
Foreword......Page 10
Preface......Page 12
Acknowledgments......Page 15
Sections......Page 17
Table of Contents......Page 18
Abbreviations Index......Page 24
SECTION 1: Anatomy and Normal Variants......Page 35
ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES......Page 36
ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES......Page 40
ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES......Page 48
IMAGING PRINCIPLES......Page 52
ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES......Page 58
MAJOR LYMPH NODE GROUPS......Page 66
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 67
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 74
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 80
Chapter
9. Axillary Breast Tissue......Page 86
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 87
Chapter
10. Pectoralis Muscle and Chest Wall Variants......Page 90
PATHOLOGY......Page 91
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 92
Chapter
11. Sternalis Muscle......Page 94
PATHOLOGY......Page 95
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 96
SECTION 2:
Imaging......Page 101
Overdiagnosis/Overtreatment......Page 102
Supplemental Screening......Page 103
Selected References......Page 104
Chapter
13. Screening Mammography......Page 108
IMAGING......Page 109
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 110
Chapter
14. Diagnostic Mammography......Page 114
PATHOLOGY......Page 115
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 116
Chapter
15. Mammography Positioning......Page 120
IMAGING......Page 121
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 122
Chapter
16. Tomosynthesis......Page 124
IMAGING......Page 125
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 126
Chapter
17. Breast Density......Page 130
CLINICAL ISSUES......Page 131
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 132
Chapter
18. Ultrasound......Page 136
TERMINOLOGY......Page 137
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 138
Chapter
19. Magnetic Resonance Imaging......Page 142
IMAGING......Page 143
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 144
Chapter
20. Interval Cancers......Page 148
PATHOLOGY......Page 149
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 150
Chapter
21. Missed Cancers......Page 154
IMAGING......Page 155
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 156
Chapter
22. Screening at Age Extremes (< 40, > 70 Years)......Page 160
CLINICAL ISSUES......Page 161
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 162
Chapter
23. Screening in 5th Decade (40-49 Years)......Page 164
CLINICAL ISSUES......Page 165
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 166
Chapter
24. Screening Intervals: Annual vs. Biennial......Page 168
CLINICAL ISSUES......Page 169
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 170
Chapter
25. Screening Ultrasound......Page 172
CLINICAL ISSUES......Page 173
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 174
Chapter
26. Automated Breast Ultrasound......Page 178
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 179
Chapter
27. Elastography......Page 182
PATHOLOGY......Page 183
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 184
Chapter
28. Risk Assessment Models......Page 186
CLINICAL ISSUES......Page 187
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 188
Chapter
29. Indications and Management of Genetic Testing......Page 190
HIGH RISK OF BREAST CANCER......Page 191
CONSIDERATIONS IN GENETIC TESTING......Page 192
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 193
Chapter
30. BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers......Page 194
PATHOLOGY......Page 195
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 196
Chapter
31. Screening MR......Page 200
IMAGING......Page 201
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 202
Chapter
32. Abbreviated Breast MR......Page 204
IMAGING......Page 205
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 206
Chapter
33. Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (MR)......Page 208
IMAGING......Page 209
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 210
Chapter
34. MR Spectroscopy......Page 212
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 213
Chapter
35. CAD and Double Reading: Mammography and Tomosynthesis......Page 214
CLINICAL ISSUES......Page 215
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 216
Chapter
36. Contrast-Enhanced Mammography......Page 218
IMAGING......Page 219
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 220
Chapter
37. Molecular Breast Imaging (MBI and BSGI)......Page 222
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST......Page 223
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 224
Chapter
38. Dedicated Breast PET (PEM)......Page 228
IMAGING......Page 229
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 230
Chapter
39. PET/CT......Page 234
IMAGING......Page 235
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 236
SECTION 3:
Interpretive Criteria......Page 239
Comparison......Page 240
Assessment Categories......Page 241
Selected References......Page 242
Chapter
41. Mammography BI-RADS Lexicon and Usage......Page 246
PATHOLOGY......Page 247
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 248
Chapter
42. Probably Benign Lesions......Page 250
IMAGING......Page 251
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 252
Chapter
43. Ultrasound BI-RADS Lexicon and Usage......Page 256
PATHOLOGY......Page 257
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 258
Chapter
44. MR BI-RADS Lexicon and Usage......Page 260
PATHOLOGY......Page 261
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 262
Chapter
45. Molecular Breast Imaging Lexicon (Includes BSGI)......Page 264
PATHOLOGY......Page 265
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 266
Chapter
46. Breast PET Lexicon and Usage......Page 270
PATHOLOGY......Page 271
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 272
SECTION 4:
Lesion Imaging Characteristics......Page 276
Chapter
47. Circumscribed and Obscured Margins......Page 278
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 279
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 280
Chapter 48. Fat-Containing Mass......Page 284
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 285
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 286
Chapter 49. High-Density Mass......Page 290
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 291
Chapter 50. Indistinct Margins......Page 294
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 295
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 296
Chapter 51. Intramammary Lymph Node......Page 298
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 299
Chapter 52. Microlobulated Margins......Page 302
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 303
Chapter 53. Spiculated Margins......Page 306
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 307
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 308
Chapter 54. Typically Benign Calcifications......Page 310
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 311
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 312
Chapter 55. Round Calcifications......Page 316
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 317
Chapter 56. Milk of Calcium......Page 320
IMAGING......Page 321
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 322
Chapter 57. Punctate Calcifications......Page 324
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 325
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 326
Chapter 58. Amorphous Calcifications......Page 328
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 329
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 330
Chapter 59. Coarse Heterogeneous Calcifications......Page 332
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 333
Chapter 60. Fine Pleomorphic Calcifications......Page 336
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 337
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 338
Chapter 61. Fine Linear Calcifications......Page 340
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 341
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 342
Chapter 62. Diffuse Distribution of Calcifications......Page 346
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 347
Chapter 63. Grouped Distribution of Calcifications......Page 350
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 351
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 352
Chapter 64. Regional Distribution of Calcifications......Page 356
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 357
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 358
Chapter 65. Linear Distribution of Calcifications......Page 362
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 363
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 364
Chapter 66. Segmental Distribution of Calcifications......Page 368
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 369
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 370
Chapter 67. Architectural Distortion......Page 374
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 375
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 376
Chapter 68. Asymmetries......Page 380
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 381
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 382
Chapter 69. Developing Asymmetry......Page 386
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 387
Chapter 70. Duct Ectasia......Page 390
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 391
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 392
Chapter 71. Multiple Bilateral Similar Findings......Page 394
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 395
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 396
Chapter 72. One-View-Only Findings......Page 400
IMAGING......Page 401
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 402
Chapter 73. Solitary Dilated Duct......Page 406
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 407
Chapter 74. Trabecular Thickening, Edema......Page 410
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 411
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 412
Chapter 75. Calcifications (US)......Page 416
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 417
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 418
Chapter 76. Clustered Microcysts (US)......Page 422
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 423
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 424
Chapter 77. Complex Cystic and Solid Masses (US)......Page 428
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 429
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 430
Chapter 78. Complicated Cyst With Debris (US)......Page 434
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 435
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 436
Chapter 79. Cyst, Simple (US)......Page 440
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 441
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 442
Chapter 80. Echogenicity: Anechoic (US)......Page 444
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 445
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 446
Chapter 81. Echogenicity: Hyperechoic (US)......Page 448
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 449
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 450
Chapter 82. Echogenicity: Hypoechoic (US)......Page 454
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 455
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 456
Chapter 83. Echogenicity: Isoechoic (US)......Page 458
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 459
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 460
Chapter 84. Echogenic Rim (US)......Page 462
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 463
Chapter 85. Echogenicity: Heterogeneous/Mixed (US)......Page 466
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 467
Chapter 86. Intraductal Mass (US)......Page 470
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 471
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 472
Chapter 87. Lesion Orientation (US)......Page 476
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 477
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 478
Chapter 88. Margins, Not Circumscribed (US)......Page 482
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 483
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 484
Chapter 89. Posterior Features (US)......Page 486
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 487
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 488
Chapter 90. Background Parenchymal Enhancement (MR)......Page 492
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 493
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 494
Chapter 91. Kinetic Assessment (MR)......Page 496
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 497
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 498
Chapter 92. T2 Hyperintensity (MR)......Page 502
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 503
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 504
Chapter 93. Dark Internal Septations (MR)......Page 508
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 509
Chapter 94. Focus (MR)......Page 512
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 513
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 514
Chapter 95. Focal Area, Regional, and Diffuse Enhancement (MR)......Page 516
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 517
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 518
Chapter 96. Clumped and Clustered Ring Enhancement (MR)......Page 522
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 523
Chapter 97. Linear Enhancement (MR)......Page 528
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 529
Chapter 98. Segmental Enhancement (MR)......Page 532
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 533
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 534
Chapter 99. Rim Enhancement (MR)......Page 536
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 537
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 538
SECTION 5:
Histopathologic Diagnoses......Page 542
When to Excise After Core Biopsy......Page 544
Selected References......Page 545
Chapter 101.Imaging-Histopathologic Discordance......Page 552
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 553
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 554
Chapter 102. Adenosis, Sclerosing Adenosis, Microglandular Adenosis......Page 558
PATHOLOGY......Page 559
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 560
Chapter 103. Apocrine Metaplasia......Page 564
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 565
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 566
Chapter 104. Columnar Cell Lesions......Page 570
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 571
Chapter 105. Cyst, Ruptured/Inflamed......Page 574
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 575
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 576
Chapter 106. Fat Necrosis, Oil Cyst......Page 578
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 579
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 580
Chapter 107. Fibroadenoma......Page 584
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 585
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 586
Chapter 108. Fibroadenomatoid Change......Page 590
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 591
Chapter 109. Fibrocystic Change......Page 594
IMAGING......Page 595
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 596
Chapter 110. Fibrosis......Page 600
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 601
Chapter 111. Hamartoma (Fibroadenolipoma)......Page 604
PATHOLOGY......Page 605
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 606
Chapter 112. Hematoma......Page 610
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 611
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 612
Chapter 113. Lipoma and Angiolipoma......Page 616
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 617
Chapter 114. Papilloma, Benign......Page 622
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 623
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 624
Chapter 115. PASH......Page 626
PATHOLOGY......Page 627
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 628
Chapter 116. Radial Scar, Radial Sclerosing Lesions......Page 630
PATHOLOGY......Page 631
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 632
Chapter 117. Tubular Adenoma and Nipple Adenoma......Page 636
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 637
Chapter 118. Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia......Page 640
PATHOLOGY......Page 641
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 642
Chapter 119. Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia......Page 646
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 647
Chapter 120. Atypical Papilloma......Page 650
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 651
Chapter 121. Flat Epithelial Atypia......Page 654
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 655
Chapter 122. Lobular Carcinoma In Situ, Classic......Page 656
PATHOLOGY......Page 657
Chapter 123. Lobular Carcinoma In Situ, Pleomorphic......Page 662
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 663
Chapter 124. Mucocele-Like Lesions......Page 666
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 667
Chapter 125. Fibromatosis......Page 668
PATHOLOGY......Page 669
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 670
Chapter 126. Granular Cell Tumor......Page 674
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 675
Chapter 127. Myoepithelial Neoplasms......Page 678
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 679
Chapter 128. Myofibroblastoma......Page 682
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 683
Chapter 129. Phyllodes Tumor: Benign......Page 686
PATHOLOGY......Page 687
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 688
Chapter 130. Phyllodes Tumor: Borderline and Malignant......Page 692
PATHOLOGY......Page 693
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 694
Chapter 131. Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma......Page 698
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 699
Chapter 132. Apocrine Carcinoma......Page 702
PATHOLOGY......Page 703
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 704
Chapter 133. DCIS, General......Page 706
PATHOLOGY......Page 707
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 708
Chapter 134. DCIS, Low Grade......Page 710
PATHOLOGY......Page 711
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 712
Chapter 135. DCIS, Intermediate Grade......Page 714
PATHOLOGY......Page 715
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 716
Chapter 136. DCIS, High Grade......Page 718
PATHOLOGY......Page 719
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 720
Chapter 137. DCIS, Micropapillary......Page 722
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 723
Chapter 138. Encapsulated Papillary Carcinoma......Page 726
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 727
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 728
Chapter 139. HER2-Positive Cancer......Page 730
PATHOLOGY......Page 731
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 732
Chapter 140. Invasive Ductal Carcinoma NST, Grade 1, 2, 3......Page 736
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 737
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 738
Chapter 141. Invasive Lobular Carcinoma, Classic......Page 742
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 743
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 744
Chapter 142. Invasive Lobular Carcinoma, Pleomorphic......Page 748
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 749
Chapter 143. Invasive Micropapillary Carcinoma......Page 752
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 753
Chapter 144. Luminal A and B Cancers......Page 756
PATHOLOGY......Page 757
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 758
Chapter 145. Lymphoma, Primary Breast......Page 762
PATHOLOGY......Page 763
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 764
Chapter 146. Medullary Carcinoma......Page 768
PATHOLOGY......Page 769
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 770
Chapter 147. Metaplastic Carcinoma......Page 772
PATHOLOGY......Page 773
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 774
Chapter 148. Mixed Invasive Ductal and Lobular Carcinoma......Page 778
PATHOLOGY......Page 779
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 780
Chapter 149. Mucinous Carcinoma......Page 782
PATHOLOGY......Page 783
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 784
Chapter 150. Papillary Carcinoma, Invasive......Page 788
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 789
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 790
Chapter 151. Sarcomas......Page 792
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 793
Chapter 152. Triple-Negative and Basal-Like Breast Cancer......Page 798
PATHOLOGY......Page 799
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 800
Chapter 153. Tubular and Tubulolobular Carcinoma......Page 802
PATHOLOGY......Page 803
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 804
SECTION 6:
Signs and Symptoms......Page 809
Axillary Adenopathy......Page 810
Selected References......Page 811
Chapter 155. Nipple Discharge......Page 814
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 815
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 816
Chapter 156. Nipple Retraction and Inversion......Page 820
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 821
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 822
Chapter 157. Paget Disease of Nipple......Page 824
PATHOLOGY......Page 825
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 826
Chapter 158. Epidermoid Cyst......Page 830
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 831
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 832
Chapter 159. Erythema......Page 834
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 835
Chapter 160. Sebaceous Cyst......Page 838
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 839
Chapter 161. Skin Lesions, Other......Page 842
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 843
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 844
Chapter 162. Skin Retraction......Page 846
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 847
Chapter 163. Skin Thickening......Page 848
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 849
Chapter 164. Axillary Adenopathy......Page 852
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 853
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 854
Chapter 165. Axillary Nodal Calcification......Page 858
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 859
Chapter 166. Metastatic Node, Unknown Primary......Page 862
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 863
Chapter 167. Pain......Page 866
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 867
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 868
Chapter 168. Palpable Lump or Thickening......Page 870
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 871
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 872
Chapter 169. Benign Lesions of Vascular Origin......Page 876
PATHOLOGY......Page 877
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 878
Chapter 170. Mondor Disease......Page 880
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 881
SECTION 7:
Special Topics......Page 884
Chapter 171. Hormonal Supplementation......Page 886
PATHOLOGY......Page 887
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 888
Chapter 172. Hormone Blocking: Endocrine Therapy......Page 890
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 891
Chapter 173. Transgender Patients: Terminology and Normal Appearances......Page 894
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 895
Chapter 174. Transgender Patients: Surveillance and Cancer......Page 898
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 899
175.
Galactocele......Page 902
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 903
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 904
176.
Lactating Adenoma......Page 906
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 907
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 908
177.
Lactation......Page 912
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 913
178.
Pregnancy-Associated Breast Cancer......Page 916
PATHOLOGY......Page 917
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 918
Chapter 179. Abscess......Page 922
PATHOLOGY......Page 923
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 924
Chapter 180. Granulomatous Mastitis......Page 928
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 929
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 930
Chapter 181. Mastitis......Page 932
PATHOLOGY......Page 933
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 934
Chapter 182. Unusual Infections......Page 936
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 937
Chapter 183. Amyloid......Page 940
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 941
Chapter
184. Breast Manifestations of Organ Failure......Page 944
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 945
Chapter
185. Collagen Vascular Disease......Page 948
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 949
Chapter
186. Diabetic Mastopathy/Lymphocytic Lobulitis......Page 952
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 953
Chapter
187. Leukemia......Page 956
PATHOLOGY......Page 957
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 958
Chapter
188. Lymphoma, Secondary......Page 962
PATHOLOGY......Page 963
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 964
Chapter
189. Metastases to Breast......Page 968
PATHOLOGY......Page 969
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 970
Chapter
190. Sarcoid......Page 972
PATHOLOGY......Page 973
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 974
Chapter
191. Weight Fluctuations......Page 976
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 977
Chapter
192. Trauma......Page 978
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 979
Chapter
193. Gynecomastia......Page 982
PATHOLOGY......Page 983
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 984
Chapter 194. Male, Breast Cancer......Page 986
PATHOLOGY......Page 987
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 988
Chapter 195. Male, Other Neoplasms......Page 990
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 991
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 992
Chapter 196. Artifacts: Mammography and Tomosynthesis......Page 996
IMAGING......Page 997
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 998
Chapter
197. Artifacts: MR......Page 1002
IMAGING......Page 1003
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1004
Chapter
198. Artifacts: Nuclear Medicine......Page 1006
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1007
Chapter
199. Artifacts: Ultrasound......Page 1010
IMAGING......Page 1011
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1012
Chapter
200. Contrast Reactions......Page 1016
TERMINOLOGY......Page 1017
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS......Page 1018
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1019
INJECTION ISSUES......Page 1020
GBCA STABILITY......Page 1021
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1022
MAMMOGRAPHY IMAGING TECHNOLOGY......Page 1024
RADIATION SAFETY......Page 1025
POTENTIAL RISK OF MAMMOGRAPHY......Page 1026
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1027
SECTION 8:
Treatment......Page 1029
Radiation Therapy......Page 1030
Selected References......Page 1031
Chapter
204. Oncology Overview (Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant)......Page 1032
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS......Page 1033
TREATMENT APPROACHES......Page 1034
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1035
Chapter
205. Pathology Overview......Page 1038
PATHOLOGIC ISSUES......Page 1039
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1040
Chapter
206. Radiation Therapy Overview......Page 1044
TERMINOLOGY......Page 1045
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS......Page 1046
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1047
Chapter
207. Staging: Breast......Page 1050
Chapter
208. Surgery Overview......Page 1060
HISTORY......Page 1061
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1062
Multifocal and Multicentric Breast Cancer, EIC......Page 1064
Selected References......Page 1065
Chapter
210. Breast Cancer in Young Patients (< 40 Years)......Page 1068
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1069
Chapter
211. Contralateral Breast Cancer......Page 1072
CLINICAL ISSUES......Page 1073
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1074
Chapter
212. Extensive Intraductal Component......Page 1076
PATHOLOGY......Page 1077
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1078
Chapter
213. Inflammatory Breast Carcinoma......Page 1080
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 1081
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1082
Chapter
214. Internal Mammary Adenopathy......Page 1086
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1087
Chapter
215. Locally Advanced Breast Cancer......Page 1090
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 1091
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1092
Chapter
216. Metastatic Breast Cancer......Page 1096
PATHOLOGY......Page 1097
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1098
Chapter
217. Multifocal/Multicentric Breast Cancer......Page 1102
PATHOLOGY......Page 1103
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1104
Chapter
218. Pectoralis Muscle and Chest Wall Invasion......Page 1106
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1107
Chapter
219. Skin Invasion......Page 1110
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1111
Chapter
220. Tumor Genomic Testing: e.g., Oncotype DX, MammaPrint......Page 1114
CLINICAL ISSUES......Page 1115
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1116
SECTION 9:
Postoperative and Posttreatment Imaging......Page 1119
Surveillance and Normal Appearances......Page 1120
Selected References......Page 1121
Chapter
222. Benign Surgical Biopsy, Postoperative Imaging......Page 1124
IMAGING......Page 1125
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1126
Chapter
223. Cosmetic Augmentation Injections......Page 1128
PATHOLOGY......Page 1129
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1130
Chapter
224. Implant, Saline......Page 1132
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 1133
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1134
Chapter
225. Implant, Silicone......Page 1136
IMAGING......Page 1137
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1138
Chapter
226. Implant With Multiple Lumina......Page 1140
IMAGING......Page 1141
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1142
Chapter
227. Implants and Cancer......Page 1144
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 1145
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1146
Chapter
228. Post-Core Biopsy and Clip Placement Imaging......Page 1148
IMAGING......Page 1149
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1150
Chapter
229. Reduction Mammoplasty, Imaging......Page 1154
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1155
Chapter
230. Silicone Granuloma......Page 1160
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1161
Chapter
231. Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation......Page 1164
IMAGING......Page 1165
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1166
Chapter
232. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy......Page 1170
IMAGING......Page 1171
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1172
Chapter
233. Positive or Close Margins......Page 1176
PATHOLOGY......Page 1177
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1178
Chapter
234. Post Breast-Conserving Surgery......Page 1180
IMAGING......Page 1181
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1182
Chapter
235. Personal History of Breast Cancer Surveillance......Page 1184
IMAGING......Page 1185
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1186
Chapter
236. Recurrent Breast Carcinoma......Page 1190
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 1191
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1192
Chapter
237. Prior Chest Radiation Therapy, Surveillance......Page 1194
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1195
Chapter
238. Tissue Transfer Reconstruction Imaging......Page 1198
IMAGING......Page 1199
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1200
SECTION 10:
Procedures......Page 1205
Chapter
239. Cyst Aspiration......Page 1206
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1207
Chapter
240. Ductography......Page 1208
PROCEDURE......Page 1209
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1210
Chapter
241. Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy, Breast......Page 1214
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1215
Chapter
242. MR-Directed Ultrasound......Page 1216
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1217
Chapter
243. MR-Guided Vacuum-Assisted Biopsy......Page 1220
PROCEDURE......Page 1221
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1222
Chapter
244. Preoperative Lesion Localization, Bracketing......Page 1224
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1225
Chapter
245. Preoperative Axillary Node Localization......Page 1226
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1227
Chapter
246. Preoperative Localization, Tomosynthesis......Page 1228
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1229
Chapter
247. Preoperative Magnetic, Other Nonradioactive Localization......Page 1230
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1231
Chapter
248. Preoperative Radioactive Seed Localization......Page 1234
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1235
Chapter
249. Preoperative Wire Localization, Mammography......Page 1238
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1239
Chapter
250. Preoperative Wire Localization, MR......Page 1240
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1241
Chapter
251. Preoperative Wire Localization, Ultrasound......Page 1244
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1245
Chapter
252. Skin Localization......Page 1246
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1247
Chapter
253. Specimen Imaging......Page 1248
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1249
Chapter
254. Stereotactic Biopsy, Prone......Page 1252
PROCEDURE......Page 1253
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1254
Chapter
255. Stereotactic Biopsy, Upright......Page 1256
PROCEDURE......Page 1257
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1258
Chapter
256. Ultrasound-Guided Core Needle Biopsy......Page 1260
PROCEDURE......Page 1261
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1262
Chapter
257. Ultrasound-Guided Vacuum-Assisted Biopsy......Page 1264
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1265
Chapter
258. Reduction Mammoplasty, Procedure......Page 1266
PROCEDURE......Page 1267
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1268
Chapter
259. Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy......Page 1270
PROCEDURE......Page 1271
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1272
Chapter
260. Targeted Axillary Dissection......Page 1274
PREPROCEDURE......Page 1275
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1276
Chapter
261. Axillary Lymph Node Dissection......Page 1278
PROCEDURE......Page 1279
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1280
Chapter
262. Breast-Conserving Surgery......Page 1282
PROCEDURE......Page 1283
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1284
Chapter
263. Oncoplastic Techniques......Page 1286
PROCEDURE......Page 1287
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1288
Chapter
264. Mastectomy......Page 1290
PREPROCEDURE......Page 1291
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1292
Chapter
265. TRAM and Other Flap Procedures......Page 1294
PROCEDURE......Page 1295
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 1296
INDEX......Page 1299