Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Cough

Preface
Contents
1: Chronic Cough
	Introduction
	Impact of Chronic Cough
	Clinical Approach Based on the Neuroanatomy of Cough Reflex Pathways
	Summary
	References
2: How to Assess Cough in the Clinic
	Introduction
	History
	Subjective Effects of Cough
		Severity
		Impact
	Clinical Examination
	Investigations
		Routine Investigations
			Chest Radiograph
			Spirometry
		Additional Investigations
			Thoracic Computed Tomography
			Bronchoscopy
			Sinus Imaging and Upper Airway Endoscopy
			Markers of Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation
			Gastrointestinal Investigations
			Cough Frequency
			Other Investigations
	Follow-Up
	Summary
	References
3: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Trials for Chronic Cough in Adults: An Overview
	Introduction
	History Taking
		Cough Duration and Cough Description
		Cough Triggers
		Family History
		Cough Assessment
		Cough Questionnaires
		Cough-Associated Symptoms
		Other Medical Conditions to Consider
		Risk Factors
	Physical Examination and Diagnostic Tests in Assessing Patients with Chronic Cough
		Physical Examination
		Blood Samples
		Chest X-Ray
		Spirometry with Reversibility Testing
		Methacholine and Mannitol Provocations
		Capsaicin Cough Sensitivity
		FeNO
		Induced Sputum
		Chest Computed Tomography Scan (CT)
		Gastroscopy and 24 h Oesophageal pH Measurement
		Oesophageal Motility Recording
		Laryngoscopy
		Rhinoscopy
	Therapeutic Trials
		When Treatable Traits Are Not Found and Risk Factors Are Excluded
		Corticosteroids and Anti-leukotrienes
		Neuromodulatory Agents
		Drugs with Pro-motility Activity
		Anti-acid Drugs
		H1-Antihistamines
		Non-pharmacological Therapy (Cough Control Therapy)
	Summary
	References
4: Upper Airways: Assessment and Treatment for Cough
	Introduction
	Sinonasal Disease and Chronic Cough
		Diagnostic Tools
		Treatment
	Laryngeal Dysfunction and Chronic Cough
		Diagnostic Tools
		Treatment
	Conclusion
	References
5: Lower Airways: Assessment and Treatment for Cough
	Introduction
	Assessment of Chronic Cough Related with Lower Airways Disease
		Pulmonary Function Test
		Induced Sputum Test
		Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide
		Chest CT
		Bronchoscopy
	Treatment of Chronic Cough Related with Lower Diseases
		Cough Variant Asthma
		Nonasthmatic Eosinophilic Bronchitis
		Atopic Cough
	Summary
	References
6: Gastrointestinal Tract: Assessment and Treatment of Cough
	Introduction
	Prevalence of GERC
	Mechanisms of GERC
	Assessment of GERC
	GERC Treatment
	Conclusion
	References
7: Pharmacological Management of Cough
	Introduction
	Pharmacological Managements
		Targeting Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation
		Cough Neuromodulators
		Promotility Agents
	Novel Treatments
		ATP Story
		Neurokinin Story
		ACE Inhibitor
	Conclusion
	References
8: Non-pharmacological Control of Cough
	Non-pharmacological Approaches for Chronic Cough
	Components of Non-pharmacological Treatment Approaches
	Evidence for Non-pharmaceutical Approaches
	Mechanisms for Non-pharmacological Approaches
	When Should Non-pharmacological Approaches Be Used for Chronic Cough?
	Non-pharmacological Combination Approaches
	Conclusion
	References
9: Chronic Cough in Children
	Introduction
	Definition of Chronic Cough in Children
	Common Causes of Chronic Cough in Children
	Asthma
	Protracted Bacterial Bronchitis
	Nonspecific Cough That Resolves Without Specific Treatment (or Post-infectious Cough)
	Upper Airway Cough Syndrome
	Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
	Tic Cough (Habit Cough) and Somatic Cough Disorder (Psychogenic Cough)
	Other Causes of Chronic Cough in Children
	Clinical Approach (Fig. 9.1)
	Clinical History and Physical Examination
	Initial Diagnostic Tests
		Chest Radiography
		Pulmonary Function Tests
	Classification into Specific and Nonspecific Cough
	Empirical Treatments in Children with Chronic Isolated Cough (Cough Without Any Other Specific Cough Pointer)
	Additional Diagnostic Tests
		Chest CT Scan
		Bronchoscopy
		Sputum Testing
		Allergy Testing
		Esophageal pH or Multichannel Intraluminal Impedance Monitoring
		Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide
	Treatment of Chronic Cough in Children
	Summary
	References
10: Chronic Cough in Older Adults
	Introduction
	Epidemiology
	Clinical Characteristics
	Therapeutic Considerations
	Summary
	References