Development Of The Visual System (Developmental Neuroscience)

Cover......Page 1
Contents......Page 4
Preface......Page 5
Introduction......Page 6
Genes Controlling the Development of the Retina......Page 7
Expression of Rx Genes during Eye Development......Page 8
Function of Rx Genes......Page 10
Expression of Foxe3 and FoxE4 Genes......Page 11
Function of Foxe3 and FoxE4 Genes......Page 12
Role of Rx in Retinal Formation......Page 13
Role of the Optic Vesicle in Lens Formation......Page 14
A Model of Vertebrate Eye Formation......Page 15
Acknowledgments......Page 16
References......Page 17
Introduction......Page 20
Optic Nerve Analysis......Page 21
Optic Tectum Analysis......Page 22
Brain and Optic Tectum Development......Page 23
Effects of Lens Transplantation on Optic Tectum Development......Page 25
Discussion......Page 27
Acknowledgments......Page 28
References......Page 29
Introduction......Page 30
In ovo Microelectroporation......Page 31
Loss of Pax6 Function in the OV Disrupts Lens Morphogenesis......Page 32
Deformed Lens Shows an Altered Expression of Transcription Factors......Page 33
Lens Fiber-Specific Genes cp95 and cp49 Are Not Expressed in the Deformed Lens......Page 35
Pax6-Regulated Signaling Defines Proper Lens Formation......Page 36
FGF8 Is Necessary for the Maintenance of L-Maf in Developing Lens Fiber......Page 37
References......Page 38
Introduction......Page 40
Methods......Page 41
In situ Hybridization Patterns and Retinal Thickness......Page 42
Expression of Pax-6 in the Posthatch Chicken Eye under Conditions of FDM and Recovery from FDM......Page 43
Sustained Expression of Pax-6 in Posthatch Chick Eye Does Not Proceed Normally in FDM......Page 45
Acknowledgments......Page 46
References......Page 47
Introduction......Page 48
Transplantation of NPCs into the Opossum Eye......Page 50
The Visual System of the Brazilian Opossum: An in vivo Experimental Model System to Study Development and Plasticity......Page 51
In vivo Analysis of NPCs following Transplantation into the Brazilian Opossum Eye:Survival and Differentiation......Page 52
Discussion......Page 55
Acknowledgments......Page 56
References......Page 57
The Vertebrate Visual System......Page 58
Hedgehog Signaling from the Ventral Forebrain Subdivides the Early Eye Primordium into Proximal and Distal Territories......Page 59
Hedgehog Signaling Is Necessary for the Differentiation of All Major Cell Types in the Zebrafish Retina......Page 61
Acknowledgments......Page 62
References......Page 63
Wnt/Frizzled Signaling......Page 64
Wnt/Fz Expression Patterns during Eye Development......Page 65
Functional Evidence for Wnt/Fz Signaling during Retinal Development......Page 67
Acknowledgments......Page 68
References......Page 69
Introduction......Page 71
Retinal Cultures......Page 72
Immunostaining and Data Analyses......Page 73
Effects of CNTF on Müller Glia Production......Page 74
Activation of STAT3 and ERK in Progenitor and Müller Cells......Page 75
Enhanced Müller Genesis by CNTF from the Progenitor Pool......Page 76
Effects of Perturbing MEK-ERK and Jak-STAT Pathways on Müller Glia Genesis......Page 77
CNTF-Dependent Müller Production Is Not Mediated by EGF......Page 78
Discussion......Page 79
Acknowledgments......Page 80
References......Page 81
Introduction......Page 83
Cell Culture......Page 84
MARCKS and S25p-MARCKS in Müller Glial Cells......Page 85
Discussion......Page 88
References......Page 90
Abstract......Page 92
5A11/Basigin and 5A11/Basigin-2 Are Members of the Immunoglobulin Gene  Superfamily......Page 93
Peak Expression of 5A11/Basigin Gene Products Is Greatest during Postnatal Development of the Retina......Page 94
The 5A11/Basigin Null Mouse Has a Novel Form of Retinal Dystrophy......Page 95
5A11/Basigin Is a Chaperone for Monocarboxylate Transporter 1......Page 96
A Lactate Metabolon May Exist within the Retina......Page 97
References......Page 98
Through the Fly Eye......Page 100
How General Is the Rule ‘One Receptor Molecule per Receptor Cell’?......Page 102
Receptor Exclusion in Other Sensory Systems......Page 103
Lessons from Vertebrates......Page 104
References......Page 106
Introduction......Page 108
Animal Preparation and HRP Injections......Page 109
HRP-Filled Dendritic Trees......Page 110
Immunohistochemistry......Page 113
Discussion......Page 115
References......Page 117
Introduction......Page 118
Immunofluorescence Labeling......Page 119
Dissociated Retinal Cells Cultured in the Presence of the SC Retain Many Morphological Features of Neurons from the Intact Retina......Page 120
Cultured Retinal Neurons Form Synaptic Circuits between Interneurons and RGCs......Page 122
Cultured Networks Support Robust Propagating Waves in the Presence of TTX......Page 123
Discussion......Page 125
Comparison with Dissociated Retinal Neurons Cultured in the Absence of SC......Page 126
Acknowledgments......Page 127
References......Page 128
Introduction......Page 129
RB and Apoptosis......Page 130
Searching for the Retinoblastoma Cell-of-Origin: Why Bother?......Page 132
Retinal Development: Clues about RB Function from Expression......Page 133
Retinoblastoma in Transgenic Mice Expressing Viral Oncoproteins......Page 134
Retinoblastoma in Conditional Knockout Mouse Models......Page 135
Cell Cycle Defects in Conditional Knockout Models Point to the Transition Cell as Cell-of-Origin of Retinoblastoma......Page 136
Different Markers in Mouse versus Human Retinoblastoma......Page 137
What Is the Function of Post- Rb Genetic Lesions in Retinoblastoma?......Page 138
Why Do Mutations in Other Cell Cycle Regulators Not Cause Retinoblastoma?......Page 140
Summary and Future Directions......Page 142
References......Page 143
Introduction......Page 147
Lens Histology......Page 148
Immunohistochemistry and Immuno . uorescence......Page 149
Generation of E2F3a,E2F4 and E2F5 Transgenic Mice......Page 150
Expression of E2F Transgenes and Cell Cycle Regulation......Page 151
Progression to Mitosis......Page 152
Expression of p53 and p73......Page 153
Discussion......Page 155
Acknowledgments......Page 156
References......Page 157
Introduction......Page 158
Immunofluorescence......Page 159
Loss of Epithelial Gene Expression......Page 160
Kip2 (p57)Expression......Page 161
Discussion......Page 165
Acknowledgments......Page 166
References......Page 167
Introduction......Page 168
In situ Hybridization......Page 169
The Presumptive Ciliary Body Can Be Identified in the Chick Eye......Page 170
CollagenIX Expression Is Seen in Lens-Less Optic Cups......Page 171
The Long Isoform of CollagenIXa1 Is a Specific Marker for the Presumptive Ciliary Body......Page 172
Patterning the Optic Vesicle......Page 174
Acknowledgment......Page 175
References......Page 176
L......Page 179
Z......Page 180
G......Page 181
Z......Page 182