Determination of Toxic Organic Chemicals In Natural Waters, Sediments and Soils: Determination and Analysis

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Determination of Toxic Organic Chemicals In Natural Waters, Sediments and Soils: Determination and Analysis
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Preface
1 Hydrocarbons in nonsaline waters
	1.1 Aliphatic hydrocarbons
		Head space analysis
		Gas stripping methods
		Gas chromatography
		High-performance liquid chromatography
		Infrared spectroscopy
		Thin-layer chromatography
		Fluorescence techniques
		Paper chromatography
		Sampling
		Oil spillages
		Metals in spillage oils
		Continuous monitoring of oil slicks
	1.2 Aromatic hydrocarbons
		Gas chromatography
		Column chromatography
		Spectrophotometric method
		Infrared spectrometry
		Ultraviolet spectroscopy
		Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
		Gas chromatography
		High-performance liquid chromatography
		Thin-layer chromatography
		Fluorescence spectrometry
		Miscellaneous
	References
2 Oxygen-containing compounds in nonsaline waters
	2.1 Carboxylic acids
		Gas chromatography
		High-performance liquid chromatography
		Thin-layer chromatography
		Spectrophotometric methods
		Fluorescence spectrometry
		Potentiometry
		Polarography
		Miscellaneous
	2.2 Phenols
		Gas chromatography
		High-performance liquid chromatography
		Thin-layer chromatography
		Raman spectroscopy
		Spectrophotometric method
		Atomic absorption spectroscopy
		Miscellaneous
		Preconcentration
			Preconcentration on 5-vinyl pyridine-divinylbenzene copolymer resin
			Preconcentration on silica gel–modified cellulose
			Preconcentration on N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone copolymer
			Preconcentration on cation-exchange resins
	2.3 Phenolic acids
	2.4 Methyl tert-butyl ether
	2.5 Alcohols
		Spectrophotometric methods
		Gas chromatography
	2.6 Glycols
		Spectrometry
		Gas chromatography
		Thin-layer chromatography
	2.7 Dioxans
		Gas chromatography
	2.8 Esters
		Gas chromatography
		High-performance liquid chromatography
		Electrokinetic chromatography
	2.9 Aldehydes
		Gas chromatography
		Thin-layer chromatography
		Spectrophotometric methods
		Miscellaneous
	2.10 Ketones
	2.11 Carbohydrates
		Gas chromatography
		Spectrophotometric method
		Miscellaneous
	2.12 Lactams
		Thin-layer chromatography
		Polarography
		Enzymic assay
	References
3 Halogen-containing compounds in nonsaline waters
	3.1 Saturated aliphatic chloro compounds
		Gas chromatography
		High-performance liquid chromatography
		Thin-layer chromatography
		Headspace analysis
		Purge and trap analysis
		Negative-ion mass spectrometry
		Miscellaneous
	3.2 Unsaturated chloroaliphatic compounds
		Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
		Mass spectrometry
		Headspace analysis
		Purge and trap analysis
		High-performance liquid chromatography
	3.3 Haloforms
		Gas chromatography
		Headspace analysis
		Purge and trap methods
		Resin adsorption–gas chromatography
		High-performance liquid chromatography
		Gel-permeation chromatography
		Spectrophotometric method
		Preconcentration
	3.4 Chloroaromatic compounds
		Gas chromatography
		Liquid chromatography
		Miscellaneous
	3.5 Halocarboxylic acids
		Gas chromatography
		Isotope dilution mass spectrometry
		Miscellaneous
	3.6 Polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorodibenzofurans
		Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
	3.7 Chlorophenols
		Gas chromatography
		High-performance liquid chromatography
		Thin-layer chromatography
		Miscellaneous
		Preconcentration
	3.8 Polychlorobiphenyls
		Gas chromatography
		Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
		High-performance liquid chromatography
		Thin-layer chromatography
		Polarography
		Miscellaneous
	3.9 Polychloroterphenyls
	3.10 Miscellaneous
	3.11 Bromine-containing compounds
	References
4 Nitrogen compounds in nonsaline waters
	4.1 Aliphatic amines
		Gas chromatography
		High-performance liquid chromatography
		Miscellaneous
	4.2 Aromatic amines
		Gas chromatography
		High-performance liquid chromatography
		Miscellaneous
	4.3 Amino acids
		Gas chromatography
		High-performance liquid chromatography
		Miscellaneous
	4.4 Amides
		Gas chromatography
		High-performance liquid chromatography
		Polarography
	4.5 Nitrophenols
		Gas chromatography
		Thin-layer chromatography
		Column chromatography
		Spectrophotometric method
		Capillary electrophoresis
	4.6 Trinitrotoluene
	4.7 Chloroaniline
		Liquid chromatography
	4.8 Hydrazines
	4.9 Nitriles
	4.10 Nitrosamines
		Gas chromatography
		Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
	4.11 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
	4.12 Nitriloacetic acid
		Column chromatography
		Polarography
		Atomic absorption spectrometry
		Gas chromatography
		Polarography
		Spectrophotometric method
	4.13 Miscellaneous nitrogen compounds
	References
5 Phosphorus containing compounds in nonsaline waters
	5.1 Alkyl and aryl phosphates
	5.2 Adenosine triphosphate
	5.3 Inositol triphosphate
	5.4 Plytase-hydrolysable phosphate
	5.5 Phosphine
	5.6 Organophosphorus compounds
		Miscellaneous
			Gas chromatographic detection with supported copper–cuprous oxide island film
			Conducted chemiresistant sensors for gas chromatographic detection
			Surface acoustic wave sensors for gas chromatographic detection
		Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
	5.7 Organophosphorus insecticides and pesticides
	References
6 Sulphur-containing compounds in nonsaline waters
	6.1 Mercaptans and disulphides
		Gas chromatography
		Titration method
	6.2 Dimethyl sulphoxide
	6.3 Alkylthiols
	6.4 Ethylene thiourea
	6.5 Thiobenzamide
	6.6 Chlorobenzo sulphonic acid
		Pyrolysis-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with single-ion monitoring
	6.7 Miscellaneous
	References
7 Surface active agents in nonsaline waters
	7.1 Nonionic surface active agents
		Gas chromatography
		Column chromatography
		Ion-exchange chromatography
		Spectrophotometric methods
		Atomic absorption spectrometry
		Miscellaneous
	7.2 Anionic surface active agents
		Gas chromatography
		High-performance liquid chromatography
		Miscellaneous
	7.3 Cationic surface active agents
		High-performance liquid chromatography
		Gas chromatography
		Titration methods
		Spectrophotometric methods
		Miscellaneous
		Titration methods
		Spectrophotometric methods
	References
8 Volatile organic compounds in nonsaline waters
	References
9 Multiorganic compounds in nonsaline waters
	9.1 Preliminary extraction of organic compounds
	9.2 Determination of organic compounds
		Gas chromatography
		High-performance liquid chromatography
		Infrared spectroscopy
		Miscellaneous
	References
	Further reading
10 Pesticides and herbicides in nonsaline waters
	10.1 Organochlorine insecticides
		Gas chromatography
		Mixtures of chlorinated insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls
		Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
		High-performance liquid chromatography
		Thin-layer chromatography
		Other techniques
		Preconcentration
	10.2 Organophosphorus insecticide
		Extraction procedures
		Gas chromatography
		High-performance liquid chromatography
		Thin-layer chromatography
		Spectrometric methods
		Electrochemical methods
		Miscellaneous
	10.3 Urea herbicides
		Gas chromatography
		High-performance liquid chromatography
	10.4 Sulphonylurea herbicides
	10.5 Phenoxyacetic acid–type herbicides
		Thin-layer chromatography
		Paper electrophoresis
		Miscellaneous
	10.6 Triazine type
		Gas chromatography
		High-performance liquid chromatography
		Thin-layer chromatography
		Miscellaneous
	10.7 Carbamate type
		Gas chromatography
		High-performance liquid chromatography
		Thin-layer chromatography
		Enzymic assay
		Miscellaneous
	10.8 Pyrethroids
	10.9 Other insecticides
	10.10 Miscellaneous herbicides
		Microextraction of herbicides
	10.11 Pesticide survey
	References
	Further reading
11 Miscellaneous organic compounds in nonsaline waters
	11.1 Plant pigments
		High-performance liquid chromatography
		Thin-layer chromatography
		Spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods
	11.2 Humic and fulvic acid
		Polarography
		Gel permeation chromatography
		Ultraviolet spectroscopy
		Fluorescence spectroscopy
	11.3 Geosmin
	11.4 Mestranol and ethynyloestradiol
	11.5 Cobalamin (vitamin B12)
	11.6 Algal toxins and blooms
	11.7 Microcystins
	11.8 Anthropogenic, ostragenic and oestrogenic hormones
	11.9 Antibiotics
	11.10 Pharmaceuticals
	11.11 Miscellaneous pollutants
	References
12 Organometallic compounds in nonsaline waters
	12.1 Organotin compounds
		Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
		Inductivity-coupled plasma mass spectrometry
		Miscellaneous
	12.2 Organomercury compounds
		Gas chromatography
		Atomic absorption spectrometry
		Neutron activation analysis
		Miscellaneous
		Storage of mercury-containing samples
	12.3 Organolead compounds
		Gas chromatography
		Polarography
		Atomic absorption spectrometry
		Preconcentration
	12.4 Organoarsenic compounds
		Polarography
		Gas chromatography
		Atomic absorption spectrometry
		Ion-exchange chromatography
		Miscellaneous
	12.5 Organoantimony compounds
	12.6 Organogermanium compounds
	12.7 Organocopper compounds
	12.8 Organoselenium compounds
	12.9 Organosilicon compounds
	References
	Further reading
13 Organic compounds in aqueous precipitation
	13.1 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
	13.2 Phenols
	13.3 Carboxylic acids
	13.4 Pesticides
	13.5 Organomercury compounds
	13.6 Organotin compounds
	13.7 Organolead compounds
	References
14 Organic compounds in soil, solvent extraction
	14.1 Conventional solvent extraction
	14.2 Conventional solvent extraction from soil packed cartridges
	14.3 Pressurised liquid extraction
	14.4 Microwave-assisted extraction
	14.5 Subcritical water extraction
	14.6 Solid-phase microextraction
	14.7 Subcritical fluid extraction
	References
	Further reading
15 Determination of noninsecticidal compounds in soil
	15.1 Hydrocarbons
	15.2 Oxygen-containing compounds in soil
		Oxalates
		Nonylphenols
		Organic acids and ketones
		Methoxy groups
	15.3 Halogen-containing compounds in soil
		Chlorinated organic compounds
		Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons
		Chlorobenzoic acid
		Perfluorooctane sulphonyl fluoride
	15.4 Nitrogen-containing compounds in soil
		Nitro compounds
		Polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocyclic
		Hydrazines
		Growth regulators
		Miscellaneous
	15.5 Sulphur and phosphorus–containing compounds in soil
		Sulphur compounds dimethyl disulphide
	15.6 Miscellaneous organic soil
		Humic and fulvic acid
	15.7 Volatile organic compounds in soil
	15.8 Mixtures of organic compounds in soil
	References
	Further reading
16 Determination of insecticides and herbicides in soil
	16.1 Determination of chlorine containing insecticides and herbicides in soil
	16.2 Determination of triazine herbicides in soil
	16.3 Determination of phenoxy acetic acid herbicides in soil
	16.4 Determination of carbamate type of insecticides in soil
	16.5 Substituted urea-type herbicides in soils
	16.6 Determination of imidazolinone herbicides in soils
	16.7 Determination of organophosphorus-type herbicides in soil
	16.8 Miscellaneous insecticides in soil
	16.9 Review of earlier work on the determination of miscellaneous insecticides in soil
	16.10 Determination of fungicides
	References
	Further reading
17 Determination of organometallic compounds in soils
	17.1 Organoarsenic compounds
	17.2 Organolead compounds
	17.3 Organotin compounds
	17.4 Organomercury compounds
	References
	Further reading
18 Determination of organic compounds in sediments
	18.1 Determination of concentration of typical organic compounds in sediment
	18.2 Determination of hydrocarbons in sediments
	18.3 Oxygen-containing compounds
	18.4 Chlorine-containing compounds
	18.5 Nitrogen-containing compounds
	18.6 Phosphorus-containing compounds
	18.7 Sulphur-containing compounds
	18.8 Insecticides and herbicides
	18.9 Miscellaneous organic compounds
	References
	Further reading
19 Organometallic compounds in sediments
	19.1 Organoarsenic compounds
	19.2 Organolead compounds
	19.3 Organotin compounds
	19.4 Organomercury compounds
	19.5 Organosilicon compounds
	References
Index
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