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دانلود کتاب Desk encyclopedia of human and medical virology
دانلود کتاب دایره المعارف میز ویروس شناسی انسانی و پزشکی
مشخصات کتاب
Desk encyclopedia of human and medical virology
ویرایش: نویسندگان: Brian Wilfred John Mahy, Marc H. V. Van Regenmortel سری: ISBN (شابک) : 9780123751478, 0123751470 ناشر: Academic Press; Elsevier سال نشر: 2010 تعداد صفحات: 661 زبان: English فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود) حجم فایل: 13 مگابایت
قیمت کتاب (تومان) : 46,000
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Cover Page Title Page Copyright Page Editors-In-Chief Associate Editors Preface Contributors Contents General Features of Common Human Viruses Adenoviruses: General Features Introduction Taxonomy Virion Morphology and Properties Nucleic Acid, Genome Organization, and Replication Proteins Antigenic Properties Biological Properties Mastadenoviruses Aviadenoviruses Atadenoviruses Siadenoviruses Phylogeny Further Reading Adenoviruses: Pathogenesis History Prevalence and Spread Epidemiology HAdV-A HAdV-B1 HAdV-B2 HAdV-C HAdV-D HAdV-E HAdV-F Epizootiology Simian Adenoviruses Canine Adenoviruses Porcine Adenoviruses Equine Adenoviruses Bovine, Ovine, Caprine, and Other Ruminant Adenoviruses Avian Adenoviruses Reptilian Adenoviruses Frog and Fish Adenoviruses Pathogenesis Detection and Identification Prevention and Therapy Further Reading Anellovirus Glossary Introduction Historical Overview of Anelloviruses Virion Properties, Genome, and Replication Phylogenetic and Taxonomic Aspects Distribution, Epidemiology, and Transmission Detection Approaches/Viral Load Clinical Significance Further Reading Arboviruses Glossary Introduction Taxonomy and Classification Virion: Physical Properties, Composition, and Genome Organization Evolutionary Relationships Among Arboviruses Evolutionary Relationships of the Flaviviruses Evolutionary Relationships of the Alphaviruses Disease Associations Transmission Cycles Further Reading Astroviruses Glossary Introduction History and Classification Epidemiology Humans Animals Virus Propagation Molecular Virology and Protein Expression Evolution Clinical Features, Pathology, and Pathogenesis Mammalian Astroviruses Avian Astroviruses Immune Response Treatment, Prevention, and Control Further Reading Bunyaviruses: General Features Glossary Introduction Bunyavirus Biology Virion Proteins and RNA Segments Coding Strategies of the Viral Genomes Genome Segment Reassortment Viral Replication Cycle Attachment, Entry, and Uncoating Transcription Genome Replication Assembly and Release Persistent Infections Reverse Genetics Further Reading Common Cold Viruses Glossary Introduction Taxonomic Identification, Genome Organization, and Replication Cycle of Rhinoviruses Genome Organization Translation of the Polyprotein, Processing, and Capsid Maturation Genome Replication Attachment and Entry Virion/Particle Structure and Phylogenetic Considerations The Canyon Hypothesis Rhinoviral Antigenicity Phylogenetic Considerations Rhinovirus Infection Models Host Cell Reactions upon Rhinoviral Infections - The Molecular Origin of Symptoms Antirhinoviral Strategies Further Reading Coronaviruses: General Features Glossary Introduction Taxonomy and Classification Virion Properties Virion Structure and Composition Genome Organization and Expression Replication Cycle Genome Replication and Recombination Evolutionary Relationships among Coronaviruses Diseases and Host Range Further Reading Coxsackieviruses Glossary History Taxonomy and Classification Host Range and Virus Propagation Epidemiology, Geographic Distribution, and Seasonality Virion Structure and Host Cell Receptors Genetics, Genetic Diversity, and Evolution Pathogenesis and Immunity Clinical Manifestations Central Nervous System Disease Febrile Rash Illnesses Prenatal, Perinatal, and Neonatal Infection Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis Other Acute Illnesses Cardiac Disease Diabetes Treatment and Prevention Further Reading Echoviruses History and Classification Molecular Characteristics and Replication Virus Particle Replication Cycle Clinical Manifestations Laboratory Diagnosis Epidemiology Future Perspectives See also Further Reading Enteric Viruses Introduction Viruses Associated with Acute Gastroenteritis Caliciviruses History Classification Geographic and Seasonal Distribution Genetics Pathogenesis Immune Responses, Prevention and Control Rotaviruses History Classification Geographic and Seasonal Distribution Host Range Genetics Pathogenesis Clinical Features Immune Response/Prevention and Control Adenovirus History and Classification Geographic and Seasonal Distribution Genetics/Evolution Pathogenesis Clinical Features Astroviruses History and Classification Genetics and Evolution Pathogenesis Coronaviruses/Toroviruses Picornaviruses Parvoviruses Picobirnaviruses Further Reading Flaviviruses: General Features Glossary General Features Flaviviruses History and Classification Epidemiology and Clinical Disease Structure and Replication Pathogenesis Diagnosis and Prevention Pestiviruses History and Classification Epidemiology and Clinical Disease Structure and Replication Pathogenesis Diagnosis, Control, and Prevention Hepaciviruses History and Classification Epidemiology and Clinical Disease Structure and Replication Pathogenesis and Clinical Disease Diagnosis and Treatment GB Viruses Further Reading Hepadnaviruses: General Features Introduction The Hepadnaviruses Biology of the Viruses Genetic Variation and Epidemiology Clinical Features and Pathology Prevention and Treatment of Infection Hepatitis D Virus Further Reading Hepatitis A Virus Glossary History Taxonomy Morphology and Physicochemical Properties Genome Organization and Expression, Replication, Morphogenesis Host Range, Transmission, and Tissue Tropism Cell Culture and Growth Characteristics Clinical Features and Pathology Common Course of Infection Prolonged Hepatitis A Relapsing Hepatitis A Fulminant Hepatitis A Extrahepatic Manifestations Pathology Innate and Adaptive Immune Response Innate Immune Response Adaptive Immune Response Diagnosis Epidemiology Prevention and Control Further Reading Hepatitis B Virus: General Features Glossary History Taxonomy and Classification Distribution and Epidemiology Virion Structure and Genome Organization Replication Strategy Subtypes Genotypes Variants Markers of Infection Natural History of the Disease Acute HBV Infection Chronic HBV Infection Course of Chronic Infection Mutant Viruses and Chronic Infection Vaccination Vaccine Escape Mutants Treatment HBeAg-Positive Patients HBeAg-Negative Patients Protracted Treatment Resistance Molecular Basis of Drug Resistance Further Reading Hepatitis C Virus Glossary Introduction Taxonomy and Geographical Distribution Transmission Clinical Manifestation Pathology and Histopathology Genome Organization HCV Replication Cycle Virion Properties Tissue Tropism and Host Range Experimental Systems Animal Models Cell Culture Systems HCV-Host Interaction Replication Factors Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity Diagnosis Treatment Further Reading Hepatitis Delta Virus Glossary Classification Structure Replication Epidemiology Clinical Features Control Further Reading Hepatitis E Virus Glossary Introduction Properties and Structure of Virions Taxonomy and Classification Genome Organization and Gene Expression Epidemiology Swine HEV Avian HEV Host Range and Cross-Species Infection Pathogenesis and Tissue Tropism Zoonotic Risk Transmission and Natural History Immunity Prevention and Control Further Reading Herpesviruses: General Features Introduction Virion Structure Core Capsid Tegument Envelope Replication Cycle Entry Expression Replication Maturation Exit Classification Morphological Criteria Biological Criteria Serological Criteria Genomic Criteria Sequence Criteria Genome Organization Gene Content Herpesvirus Evolution Further Reading Human Cytomegalovirus: General Features Introduction History and Classification Geographic and Seasonal Distribution Host Range and Virus Propagation Genetics and Replication Evolution Pathogenesis and Latency Clinical Features and Pathology Immune Response, Prevention, and Control Future Perspectives Further Reading Human Herpesviruses 6 and 7 Introduction History and Classification Geographical Distribution Cellular Tropism, Laboratory Culture, and Latency Genome Organization Replication Cycle Immunomodulation Pathogenesis and Disease Associations Infant Fever with or without Rash Immunocompromised People Solid organ transplantation Bone marrow and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation HIV/AIDS Neuroinflammatory Disease and Persistence in the Brain Multiple sclerosis Immune Response, Diagnosis, and Control Protective Immunity Control See also Further Reading Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Glossary History Classification Virion Structure and Viral Proteins Genome Organization, Transcription, and Replication Viral Infection in Cell Culture and Experimental Animals Genetics Antigens and Antigenic Subgroups Epidemiology and Clinical Factors Pathogenesis and Immunity Treatment and Immunoprophylaxis Further Reading Human Respiratory Viruses Glossary Introduction The Human Respiratory Tract Disease Syndromes Viruses That Cause Respiratory Illness in Immunocompetent Humans Immunocompromised Hosts Specific Viral Causes of Respiratory Disease Picornaviridae Rhinoviruses Coxsackieviruses Enteroviruses Echoviruses Parechoviruses Paramyxoviridae Respiratory syncytial virus Human parainfluenza viruses Human metapneumovirus Measles virus Hendra and Nipah viruses Orthomyxoviridae Influenza viruses Adenoviridae Coronaviridae Herpesviridae Parvoviridae Human bocavirus Bunyaviridae Hantavirus Reoviridae Rotavirus Reovirus Retroviridae Human immunodeficiency virus Papovaviridae Polyomaviruses Co-Infections Transmission Antiviral Drugs for Respiratory Viruses Vaccines Summary Further Reading Influenza Glossary Introduction: The Disease Taxonomy and Nomenclature Transmission and Tissue Tropism Virus Isolation and Propagation The Virus - Structure, Genome, and Proteins Evolution of Influenza Virus Influenza Virus Genetics Reassortment Recombination Reverse Genetics Influenza Pandemics The Pandemic of 1918-19 - Spanish Influenza The Pandemics of 1957 (Asian Influenza) and 1968 (Hong Kong Influenza) The Re-Emergence of H1N1 Viruses in 1977 - Russian Influenza The H5N1 `Bird Flu´ Outbreak Influenza Virus in Humans Antigenic Drift Antigenic Shift Influenza Virus in Animals Molecular Determinants of Host Range Restriction and Pathogenesis The HA Protein Cleavage of HA Receptor specificity The NS1 Protein The PB2 Protein The NA Protein Antivirals Amantadine and Rimantadine: M2 Ion Channel Blockers NA Inhibitors Vaccines Inactivated Vaccines Live Virus Vaccines Further Reading Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus: General Features History Taxonomy, Classification and Evolution Geographic Distribution Transmission Host Range and Virus Propagation Virus Genetics and Molecular Biology Molecular Piracy by KSHV Immune Response KSHV-Associated Diseases Kaposi's Sarcoma Primary Effusion Lymphoma Multicentric Castleman's Disease Other KSHV-Related Disorders Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Further Reading Measles Virus Glossary Introduction and Classification Viral Particle Structure and Components Genome, Replication Complex, and Replication Strategy Envelope Proteins and Cellular Receptors Clinical Features Immune Response and Complications Pathology and Histopathology Diagnosis, Prevention and Control The New Frontiers: MV-Based Multivalent Vaccines and Oncolysis Further Reading Relevant Website Molluscum Contagiosum Virus Glossary History and Classification Virion, Genome, and Evolution Host Range and Virus Propagation Clinical Features and Pathology Immune Response Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Further Reading Mumps Virus Glossary History Taxonomy and Classification Properties of the Virion Properties of the Genome Properties of the Proteins Physical Properties Replication Geographic and Seasonal Distribution Host Range and Viral Propagation Serologic Relationships and Variability Evolution and Genetics Epidemiology Transmission and Tissue Tropism Clinical Features of the Infection Pathology and Histopathology Pathogenicity Immune Response Prevention and Control MuV and Inclusion Body Myositis Future Perspectives Further Reading Noroviruses and Sapoviruses Glossary Introduction Taxonomy and Classification Virion Structure and Composition Genome Organization and Expression Replication Evolution Transmission and Host Range Pathogenicity Clinical Features of Infection Immune Response Prevention and Control Diagnosis Vaccination Future Perspectives Further Reading Parainfluenza Viruses of Humans Introduction Taxonomy and Classification Virion Structure, Genome Organization, and Protein Composition Attachment Protein Fusion Protein M Protein Transcription, Translation, and Replication Geographic and Seasonal Distribution Host Range and Viral Propagation Genetics and Evolution Serologic Relationships and Variability Epidemiology and Transmission Pathogenicity Clinical Features Pathology Immune Response Prevention and Control Future Perspectives Further Reading Parvoviruses: General Features The Family Parvoviridae: An Overview Genera in the Subfamily Parvovirinae Genus Parvovirus Genus Dependovirus Genus Erythrovirus Genus Amdovirus Genus Bocavirus Genera in the Subfamily Densovirinae Genus Densovirus Genus Pefudensovirus Genus Iteravirus Genus Brevidensovirus Further Reading Poliomyelitis Introduction Pathogenesis and Disease The Virus Genome The Virus Particle The Poliovirus Receptor Classification Vaccines Attenuation of the Sabin Vaccine Strains The Global Polio Eradication Program Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Cessation of Vaccination Further Reading Relevant Website Polyomaviruses Classification Morphological, Physicochemical, and Physical Properties Genome Proteins Replication Cycle Nuclear Entry Receptors and Modes of Cytoplasmic Entry mPyV SV40 JCV BKV Host Cell Susceptibility Perspectives Further Reading Poxviruses Introduction Classification Virion Structure Genome Structure Gene Content Phylogeny Replication Cycle Entry Gene Expression DNA Replication Morphogenesis Pathogenesis Immune Evasion See also Further Reading Relevant Website Rabies Virus Glossary Introduction Genome and Morphology Phylogeny and Evolution Pathogenesis Clinical Spectrum Diagnosis Epidemiology Prevention and Control Further Reading Reoviruses: General Features Glossary History Taxonomy and Classification Fusogenic Orthoreoviruses Mammalian Reoviruses Serotypes and Strains Distribution and Host Range Epidemiology Transmission Pathogenesis Attachment and Penetration Virus-Cell Interactions Clinical Features and Infection Immune Response Further Reading Retroviruses: General Features Glossary Introduction History Taxonomy and Classification Genome Structure and Organization Virus Morphology Viral Proteins Retrovirus Replication Cycle Attachment and Penetration Reverse Transcription Integration Genomic and mRNA Transcription Assembly and Release of Virions Pathogenesis Further Reading Rhinoviruses Glossary History Taxonomy and Classification Virion Structure and Physical Properties Properties of the Rhinovirus Genome Properties of Rhinovirus Proteins Life Cycle Entry, Replication, and Assembly Host Range, Propagation, and Detection Serological Relationship and Antigenic Variability Epidemiology Pathogenesis of Rhinovirus-Induced Disease Transmission Pathogenesis and Clinical Features Immune Response and Immunity Prevention and Control Further Reading Rotaviruses Glossary Introduction Morphology Classification and Epidemiology The Viral Genome and Viral Replication Pathogenesis Diagnosis, Clinical Characteristics, and Treatment Immune Response Viral Vaccines Further Reading Rubella Virus Glossary Introduction Classification Host Range and Virus Propagation Properties of the Virion Genomic Organization Intracellular Replication Cycle Genetics and Evolution Serologic Relationships and Variability Epidemiology Transmission and Tissue Tropism Clinical Features of Infection Pathogenesis, Pathology, and Histopathology Immune Response and Serodiagnosis Diagnosis Prevention and Control of Rubella Future Further Reading Togaviruses: General Features Glossary Introduction and History Structure, Systematics, and Evolution Diseases Transmission Cycles Alphaviruses of Greatest Medical and Veterinary Importance Chikungunya Virus Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Mayaro Virus O'nyong-nyong Virus Ross River Virus Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Western Equine Encephalitis Virus Alphavirus Pathogenesis Diagnosis and Treatment Control of Disease Further Reading Varicella-Zoster Virus: General Features Glossary History Taxonomy and Classification Geographic and Seasonal Distribution Host Range and Virus Propagation Genetics Evolution Serologic Relationships and Variability Epidemiology Transmission and Tissue Tropism Pathogenicity Human Immunodeficiency Viruses AIDS: Disease Manifestation Introduction Opportunistic Infections and Malignancies Associated with HIV Infection The Metabolic Syndrome in HIV-Infected Individuals HIV-Specific Diseases Lipodystrophy HIV and Kidney Disease Acute renal failure Chronic kidney disease HIV-associated nephropathy HIV-associated immune complex disease Thrombotic microangiopathy Renal disease associated with HAART Neurologic Manifestations of HIV Aseptic meningitis or encephalitis HIV-associated dementia Distal symmetric sensory polyneuropathy Further Reading Relevant Website AIDS: Global Epidemiology Glossary Brief History of HIV/AIDS Molecular Epidemiology Modes of Transmission Epidemiology Sub-Saharan Africa Asia Eastern Europe and Central Asia Caribbean Latin America North America Western Europe Oceania Middle East and North Africa Global Response HIV Prevention HIV Care and Treatment Future Prospects Further Reading Relevant Website Human Immunodeficiency Viruses: Antiretroviral Agents Glossary Introduction Entry Inhibitors Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Integrase Inhibitors Protease Inhibitors Maturation Inhibitors Combination Therapy Conclusion Further Reading Relevant Websites Human Immunodeficiency Viruses: Origin Glossary Introduction Taxonomy, Classification, and Genomic Structure Taxonomy Classification Classification of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) Classification of human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs) Genomic Structure Evolutionary History HIV-2 and SIVsmm from Sooty Mangabeys HIV-1 and SIVcpz from Chimpanzees HIV-1 and SIVgor from Gorillas Cross-Species Transmission Where? HIV-1 HIV-2 When? How? Other SIV Cross-Species Transmissions, Risk for Novel HIV? Evolution of SIVs in their Natural Primate Hosts: The Origin of SIVcpz Conclusion Further Reading Human Immunodeficiency Viruses: Pathogenesis Glossary Introduction Direct Cytopathic Effect of HIV on Infected CD4+ T Lymphocytes Indirect Mechanisms of Immunopathogenesis during HIV Infection Determinants of HIV Transmission and Early Replication The Acute/Early Phase of HIV Infection Generation of HIV-Specific Immune Responses and the Acute-to-Chronic Phase Transition The Chronic Phase of Infection Implications for HIV Therapy and Vaccine Development Further Reading Exotic Virus Infections Bunyaviruses: Unassigned Glossary Introduction Bhanja Virus Kasokero Virus Tataguine Virus Wanowrie Virus Keterah Virus (Also Known As Issyk-Kul Virus) Other Unassigned Orthobunyaviruses Causing Disease in Humans Further Reading Cowpox Virus History Taxonomy and Classification Properties of the Virion Properties of the Genome Properties of Proteins Physical Properties Replication Geographic and Seasonal Distribution Host Range and Propagation Genetics Evolution Serologic Relationships and Variability Epidemiology Transmission and Tissue Tropism Virulence Clinical Features of Infection Pathology and Histopathology Immune Response Prevention and Control Future Perspectives Further Reading Relevant Website Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus and Other Nairoviruses Glossary Introduction History Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Other Important Members of the Genus Nairovirus Taxonomy and Classification Geographical Distribution Ecology and Epidemiology Properties of the Virion and Genome Phylogenetic Relationships Clinical Features Pathogenesis Diagnosis Prevention and Control Treatment Disclaimer Further Reading Dengue Viruses Glossary History Taxonomy and Classification Geographic and Seasonal Distribution Host Range and Virus Propagation Genetics Evolution Serologic Relationships and Variability Epidemiology Transmission and Tissue Tropism Pathogenicity Clinical Features of Infection Pathology and Histopathology Immune Response Prevention and Control of Dengue Future Further Reading Ebolavirus History Taxonomy and Classification Biological and Physical Properties of Virion Properties of Genome Properties of Viral Proteins RNP Complex and Matrix Proteins Glycoproteins Viral Life Cycle Host Range and Experimental Models Natural Hosts and Geographic Distribution Experimental Models Clinical Features Pathogenicity Treatment Vaccines See also Further Reading Filoviruses Glossary Introduction Background Ebola Virus History Marburg Virus History Transmission Virion Structure and Composition Genome Organization and Expression Pathogenesis Clinical Features/Presentation Animal Models Host Responses Treatment and Prevention See also Further Reading Hantaviruses Glossary Historical Introduction Virology Ecology and Epidemiology Clinical Picture and Pathogenesis Diagnostics and Prevention Further Reading Henipaviruses History Taxonomy and Classification Molecular Biology Host Range and Viral Propagation Serologic Relationships Geographical Distribution Evolution and Genetics Epidemiology and Transmission Tissue Tropism Pathogenicity Clinical Features of Infection Pathology and Histopathology Immune Response Adaptive Innate Prevention and Control Future Perspectives Further Reading Human T-cell Leukemia Viruses: General Features Glossary Introduction History and Classification Geographic Distribution Geographic Clustering Age-Dependent Infection Familial aggregation Host Range and Transmission Receptor, Infection, and Transformation Natural Transmission Genetics and Replication Genome Replication with Feedback Regulation Reverse transcription and integration Transcription and splicing Maturation and budding Variability and Evolution Pathogenicity Adult T-Cell Leukemia Clinical features Etiology of ATL Molecular mechanism of leukemogenesis Tax protein Paradox in the leukemogenic mechanism HAM/TSP and other diseases Clinical features Etiology and other features Prevention and Control of Infection Future Further Reading Japanese Encephalitis Virus Glossary Introduction Virus Physical Properties Replication Cycle Geographic Distribution Epidemiology Molecular Epidemiology Pathogenicity and Virulence Clinical Symptoms Diagnosis Transmission Treatment Control Further Reading Lassa, Junin, Machupo and Guanarito Viruses History Classification Properties of the Virion Geographic and Seasonal Distribution Host Range and Virus Propagation Virus Propagation Genetics Evolution Epidemiology Lassa Fever Argentine Hemorrhagic Fever (AHF) Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever (BHF) Venezuelan Hemorrhagic Fever Transmission and Tissue Tropism Pathogenesis Lassa fever AHF and BHF Clinical Features Lassa Fever AHF and BHF Venezuelan Hemorrhagic Fever Pathology and Histopathology Lassa Fever AHF and BHF Venezuelan Hemorrhagic Fever Immune Response Prevention and Control Rodent Control Vaccines Drug Prophylaxis Therapy Lassa Fever AHF BHF Future Perspectives Further Reading Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus: General Features History Taxonomy and Classification Geographic and Seasonal Distribution Host Range and Viral Propagation Genetics Evolution Serological Relationships and Variability Epidemiology Transmission and Tissue Tropism Pathogenicity Clinical Features of Infection Pathology and Histopathology Immune Response Prevention and Control of LCMV Future Perspectives Further Reading Marburg Virus History Taxonomy and Classification Virus Structure and Composition Genome Organization and Expression Replication Evolutionary Relationship between Viruses Transmission and Host Range Clinical Features Pathogenesis and Pathology Diagnosis Treatment Prevention See also Further Reading Orbiviruses Glossary Introduction Historical Overview Host Range and Transmission Epidemiology and Disease Viral RNAS, Proteins, Virion Structure, and Properties Genome Organization and Replication Evolutionary Relationships among the Orbiviruses Orbiviruses of Humans Further Reading Relevant Websites Orthobunyaviruses Glossary Introduction La Crosse Virus Akabane Virus Oropouche Virus Reassortment Diagnosis and Treatment Further Reading Relevant Website Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Glossary History Virology SARS Virus SARS CoV Genome Ecology and Animal Reservoir Phylogeny Virus Receptors Human Disease Transmission Clinical Features Laboratory Diagnosis Pathogenesis Treatment Animal Models Vaccines and Immunity Conclusion: Will SARS Return? Further Reading Smallpox and Monkeypox Viruses Glossary Variola Virus History Clinical Features Variolation and Vaccination Smallpox Eradication Monkeypox Virus History Human Monkeypox Clinical Features Epidemiology of Human Monkeypox Genetics Ecology New Hosts and Geographic Expansion Person-to-Person Transmission Treatment Diagnostics Future Perspectives Further Reading Relevant Website St. Louis Encephalitis Glossary History Distribution Classification Host Range Arthropods Wild Birds Humans Domestic Animals Wild Mammals Pathogenicity Epidemiology Overwintering Persistence in mosquito populations Persistence in vertebrate populations Reintroduction of virus Amplification Subsidence Risk Factors for Human Infection Residence Age Occupation Socioeconomic status Weather Prevention and Control Further Reading Tick-Borne Encephalitis Viruses Taxonomy, Nomenclature, and Phylogenetic Relationships Virions TBEV Life Cycle Virus Entry into the Cells Cellular receptors for tick-borne flaviviruses The E protein mediates attachment and entry of virions into cells Strategy of the TBEV Genome Translation and processing of virus proteins Replication of viral RNA Assembly, Maturation, and Release of Virions Pathogenesis of TBEV Incidence of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Variety of Clinical Manifestations Human Disease Produced by Other Tick-Borne Flaviviruses Prevention and Control of TBE Further Reading Togaviruses Causing Rash and Fever Glossary Introduction Clinical Manifestations Acute Infection Chronic Illness Following Infection Infection in Pregnancy Pathogenesis of Alphavirus Arthritis Diagnosis of Infection Treatment of Alphavirus Infections Barmah Forest Virus Chikungunya Virus Mayaro Virus O´nyong-nyong Virus (Including Igbo-Ora Variant) Ross River Virus Semliki Forest Virus Sindbis Virus (Including Ockelbo Virus) The Future Further Reading Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Glossary Introduction Etiologic Agent of Prion Diseases Prion Diseases of Animals Scrapie Chronic Wasting Disease Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Prion Diseases of Humans Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Prion Diseases of Humans Associated with Genetic Mutations Familial CJD Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome Fatal familial insomnia Disclaimer Further Reading West Nile Virus Glossary Classification History and Geographic Distribution Molecular Epidemiology The Virion and the Viral Genome Replication Ecology Vectors Vertebrates: Birds Vertebrates: Other Vertebrate Pathogenesis Clinical Disease Diagnostics Human Surveillance Specimens Prevention and Control Vaccines and Therapeutics Public Health Measures Summary Further Reading Yellow Fever Virus Glossary Introduction History Taxonomy, Classification, and Variation Properties of the Virion Properties of the Genome Viral Proteins Assembly and Replication Molecular Determinants of Virulence Host Range and Virus Propagation Geographic and Seasonal Distribution Disease Incidence Epidemiology and Transmission Cycles Clinical Features Pathology and Pathogenesis Immune Responses Prevention and Control Further Reading Tumor-Associated Viruses Adenoviruses: Malignant Transformation and Oncology Transforming and Oncogenic Properties of Human Adenoviruses Transforming and Immortalizing Properties of E1A Oncogenicity of E1A Transforming Properties of Adenovirus E1B and E4 Regions EIB-19K E1B-55K and E4orf6 E4orf3 Ad9 E4orf1 `Hit and Run´ Transformation Conclusions Further Reading Epstein-Barr Virus: General Features Taxonomy and Genome Structure History Geographic and Seasonal Distribution Host Range and Virus Propagation Genetics and Strain Variation Evolution EBV Primary Infection and Persistence Immune Response EBV-Associated Diseases Infectious Mononucleosis Lymphomas in Immunosuppressed Individuals Burkitt's Lymphoma Hodgkin's Lymphoma Virus-Associated T-Cell and NK-Cell Lymphomas Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Gastric Carcinoma and Other Epithelial Tumors Prevention and Control of EBV Infection Future Perspectives Further Reading Human T-Cell Leukemia Viruses: Human Disease Introduction Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma Epidemiological Aspects Diagnosis Criteria and Classification Clinical, Cytological, and Immuno-Virological Features Specific Features and Complications ATLL Pathogenesis Therapeutic Aspects of ATLL Tropical Spastic Paraparesis/HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy Diagnostic Criteria HAM/TSP Pathogenesis Therapeutic aspects of HAM/TSP Infective Dermatitis Myositis Uveitis Other Ocular Lesions Associated with HTLV-1 Infection Further Reading Polyomaviruses of HumansPolyomaviruses JC Virus Genome Organization: Regulatory and Coding Regions Regulatory Region Cellular Transcription Factors Involved in JCV Gene Expression Life Cycle JCV Reactivation and Other Viral Infections HIV infection and JCV reactivation Interaction of JCV with other human viruses Lytic Infection versus Tumor Induction PML Oncogenic potential of JCV BK Virus Infection and Associated Disorders Oncogenicity of the Genome in Experimental Animals Association of the Genome with Human Tumors Conclusion Further Reading Retroviral Oncogenes Glossary Historical Perspective Taxonomy of Oncogene-Carrying Retroviruses Acquisition of Cellular Sequences by Retroviral Genomes Retroviruses Carrying an Oncogene Are Replication Defective Oncoproteins Are Often Fusion Proteins Functional Classes of Oncogenes Retroviral Transduction of a Cellular Oncogene Results in Gain of Function Cooperation of Oncogenes Coda and Outlook Further Reading Relevant Website Simian Virus 40 History Taxonomy and Classification Properties of the Virion Properties of the Viral Genome Properties of Viral Proteins Replication Overview of SV40 Replication Cycle Strategy of Replication of Nucleic Acid Characterization of Transcription Post-Translational Processing Uptake and Release of Virions Geographic and Seasonal Distribution Host Range and Virus Propagation Genetics Serologic Relationships and Variability Epidemiology Transmission and Tissue Tropism Pathogenicity and Pathology Immune Response Prevention and Control Future Perspectives Further Reading Tumor Viruses: Human Glossary Introduction EBV-Associated Lymphoproliferative Malignancies Lymphocyte Transformation In Vitro Lymphomas in Immunosuppressed Individuals Hodgkin's Lymphoma Burkitt's Lymphoma Lymphoid Malignancies with T-Cell or NK-Cell Characteristics EBV-Associated Carcinomas Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Other Carcinomas Malignant Diseases Related to the KSHV Kaposi's Sarcoma B-Lymphoid Malignancies Papillomaviruses as Major Cause of Human Cancers Chronic Hepatitis B and C in Hepatocarcinogenesis The Role of HTLV-1 in the Oncogenesis of Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma Transformation of T Cells Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma General Conclusions and Future Perspectives Further Reading General Topics Emerging and Reemerging Virus Diseases of Vertebrates Glossary Introduction Recognition of Emerging and Reemerging Virus Diseases Human Demographics and Behavior Zoonotic Diseases Ecological Factors Favoring Virus Emergence Prospects Further Reading Herpesviruses: Latency Glossary Introduction Alphaherpesvirinae Betaherpesvirinae Gammaherpesvirinae Common Themes Further Reading Human Eye Infections Glossary Introduction Ocular Immunology of Relevance to Viral Infection Ocular Disease Caused by RNA Viruses Ocular Disease Caused by DNA Viruses Ocular Complications of AIDS Conclusion Further Reading Zoonoses Introduction Rabies Virus Hantavirus Hemorrhagic Fevers and Pulmonary Syndrome Viruses Arenavirus Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses YF Virus West Nile Virus Chikungunya Virus Sindbis Virus Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Sandfly Fever Viruses Viruses Occurring in the Americas Encephalitis Viruses Colorado Tick Fever Virus Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Other Neotropical Viruses Cowpox-Like Viruses Viruses Occurring in Europe Viruses Occurring in Africa and the Middle East Rift Valley Fever Virus Marburg and Ebola Viruses Monkeypox Virus Semliki Forest Virus Orungo Virus Alkhurma Virus Viruses Occurring in Asia Influenza Viruses Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Kyasanur Forest Disease Japanese Encephalitis Virus Chandipura Nipah Viruses Occurring in Australia Murray Valley Encephalitis Virus and Kunjin Virus Ross River Virus Barmah Forest Virus Control Emerging and Re-emerging Zoonoses Ecological Change Social Change Summary Further Reading Subject Index
