Design of Buildings for Wind: A Guide for ASCE 7-10 Standard Users and Designers of Special Structures, Second Edition

Design of Buildings for Wind......Page 3
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 13
Part I Introduction......Page 17
1 Overview......Page 19
Part II Guide to the ASCE 7-10 Standard Provisions on Wind Loads......Page 23
2.1 Introduction......Page 25
2.2 ASCE 7-10 Standard: An Overview......Page 26
2.3 Organization of the Guide: Chapters 3 to 9......Page 35
3.1 Risk Category (ASCE Table 1.5-1)......Page 37
3.2 Basic Wind Speed V (ASCE Sect. 26.5, ASCE Figs. 26.5.-1a, b, c)......Page 38
3.3 Enclosure Classification (ASCE Sects. 26.2 and 26.10)......Page 39
3.4 Exposure Category (ASCE Sect. 26.7)......Page 40
3.5 Topographic Factor Kzt (ASCE Sect. 26.8, ASCE Fig. 26.8-1)......Page 43
4.1 Introduction......Page 47
4.2 Regular Approach: Steps Common to All Buildings and Other Structures (MWFRS and C&C)......Page 48
5.2 Regular Approach: Enclosed or Partially Enclosed Buildings of All Heights, MWFRS......Page 53
5.3 Regular Approach: Roof Overhangs and Parapets, MWFRS......Page 69
5.4 Regular Approach: Open Buildings with Monoslope, Pitched, or Troughed Free Roofs, MWFRS......Page 71
6.1 Net Pressures on Walls and Roof......Page 73
6.2 Comparison Between Results Based on ASCE Sects. 27.4.1 and 28.4.1......Page 78
6.3 Regular Approach: Parapets and Roof Overhangs, MWFRS......Page 79
7.1 Solid Freestanding Walls and Solid Signs......Page 81
7.2 Open Signs, Lattice Frameworks, Trussed Towers......Page 85
7.3 Chimneys, Tanks, Rooftop Equipment, and Similar Structures......Page 90
7.4 Solid Attached Signs......Page 91
7.5 Rooftop Structures and Equipment on Buildings......Page 93
8.1 Simplified Approach: Class 1 Buildings, Walls and Roof, MWFRS......Page 97
8.3 Simplified Approach: Roof Overhangs, MWFRS......Page 101
8.4 Simplified Approach: Class 2 Buildings, Walls and Roof, MWFRS......Page 102
8.5 Simplified Approach: Simple Diaphragm Low-Rise Buildings, MWFRS......Page 106
9.2 Regular Approach......Page 111
9.3 Simplified Approaches......Page 121
Part III Wind Engineering Fundamentals......Page 123
10.1 Atmospheric Hydrodynamics......Page 125
10.2 Windstorms......Page 129
11 The Atmospheric Boundary Layer......Page 133
11.1 Wind Speeds and Averaging Times......Page 134
11.2 Wind Speed Profiles......Page 137
11.3 Atmospheric Turbulence......Page 146
12 Extreme Wind Speeds and Wind-Induced Effects......Page 153
12.1 Wind Speed Data......Page 154
12.2 Cumulative Distributions, Exceedance Probabilities, Mean Recurrence Intervals......Page 157
12.3 Parametric Estimates of N-Year Wind Speeds; Closed Form Estimators; Software......Page 159
12.4 Probabilistic Estimates of Wind Effects Based on Nondirectional and Directional Wind Speed Data......Page 165
12.5 Development of Directional Databases of Hurricane Wind Speeds......Page 169
12.6 Development of Directional Databases of Non-Hurricane Wind Speeds......Page 171
12.7 Non-Parametric Statistics, Application to One-Dimensional Time Series......Page 173
12.8 Error Estimates......Page 175
13.2 Bluff Body Aerodynamics......Page 179
13.3 Aerodynamic Testing......Page 189
13.4 Low-Frequency Turbulence and Aerodynamic Pressures on Residential Homes......Page 199
14.1 Introduction......Page 201
14.2 The Single-Degree-of Freedom Linear System......Page 202
14.3 Continuously Distributed Linear Systems......Page 206
14.4 Time Domain Solutions for Three-Dimensional Dynamic Response......Page 215
15.1 Introduction......Page 219
15.2 Vortex-Induced Oscillations......Page 221
15.3 Galloping......Page 222
15.4 Flutter......Page 226
16.1 Introduction......Page 233
16.2 First-Order Second-Moment Approach, Load and Resistance Factors......Page 236
16.3 Dependence of Wind Effects on Wind Directionality......Page 241
16.4 Structural Strength Reserve......Page 242
16.5 Design Criteria for Multi-Hazard Regions......Page 244
16.6 Individual Uncertainties and Overall Uncertainty in the Estimation of Wind Effects......Page 245
16.7 Calibration of Design MRIs in the Presence of Dynamic Effects or of Large Knowledge Uncertainties......Page 248
17.1 Introduction......Page 253
17.2 Elements of Damage Estimation Procedures......Page 254
17.3 Loss Estimation......Page 261
Part IV Wind Effects on Buildings......Page 263
18.1 Introduction......Page 265
18.2 Database-Assisted Design (DAD)......Page 268
18.3 Wind Directionality Effects......Page 274
18.4 Uncertainties in the Estimation of Wind Effects......Page 275
19.1 Introduction......Page 277
19.2 High-Frequency Force Balance Approach (HFFB)......Page 279
19.3 Aeroelastic Effects. Testing Based on Strain Measurements......Page 281
19.4 Database-Assisted Design......Page 285
19.5 Serviceability Requirements......Page 294
19.6 Preliminary Estimates of Flexible Building Response......Page 295
Part V Appendices......Page 303
Appendix A1 Random Processes......Page 305
A1.1 Fourier Series and Fourier Integrals......Page 306
A1.2 Parseval’s Equality......Page 307
A1.3 Spectral Density Function of a Random Stationary Signal......Page 308
A1.4 Autocorrelation Function of a Random Stationary Signal......Page 309
A1.5 Cross-Covariance Function, Co-Spectrum, Quadrature Spectrum, Coherence......Page 311
A1.6 Mean Upcrossing and Outcrossing Rate for a Gaussian Process......Page 312
A1.7 Probability Distribution of the Peak Value of a Normally Distributed Random Signal......Page 313
A1.8 Probability Distribution of the Peak Value of a Non-Gaussian Random Signal......Page 314
A2.1 Equations of Balance of Momenta within the Atmospheric Boundary Layer......Page 317
A2.2 The Turbulent Ekman Layer......Page 318
Appendix A3 Spectra of Turbulent Velocity Fluctuations, Kolmogorov Hypotheses......Page 323
A4.1 Approach Based on the Outcrossing of the Limit-State Boundary......Page 327
A4.2 The Sector-By-Sector Approach [18-10]......Page 329
Appendix A5 Report on Estimation of Wind Effects on the World Trade Center Towers......Page 331
References......Page 339
Index......Page 349