Design of Breast Walls: A Practical Solution Approach

Cover
Half Title
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
Author
List of Symbols
Chapter 1 Introduction
	1.1 Evolution of Retaining Walls
	1.2 Retaining Walls
		1.2.1 Predictable Behaviour
		1.2.2 Drainage System
		1.2.3 Frost Action
	1.3 Types of Retaining Walls
		1.3.1 Gravity Retaining Walls
			1.3.1.1 Semi-Gravity Retaining Walls
			1.3.1.2 Prefabricated Modular Gravity Walls
		1.3.2 Pile Retaining Walls
		1.3.3 Cantilever Retaining Walls
			1.3.3.1 Non-Gravity Cantilevered Walls
		1.3.4 Anchored Retaining Walls
		1.3.5 Counterfort Retaining Walls
		1.3.6 Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) Walls
		1.3.7 Retaining Wall with a Pressure Relief Shelf
		1.3.8 Hybrid Systems
Chapter 2 Revisiting Earth Pressure Theories
	2.1 Lateral Earth Pressures
	2.2 Earth Pressure Theories
		2.2.1 Coulomb’s Theory
			2.2.1.1 Active Pressure Due to the Backfill
			2.2.1.2 Passive Pressure Due to the Earthfill
		2.2.2 Rankine’s Theory
			2.2.2.1 Active Pressure Due to the Backfill
			2.2.2.2 Passive Pressure Due to the Earthfill
	2.3 Reliability of Lateral Earth Pressures
	2.4 Reducing Active Earth Pressure
	2.5 Influence of the Parameters on Earth Pressure
		2.5.1 Influence of the Angle of Repose of the Backfill, φ and the Angle of Friction between the Wall and the Backfill, δ
		2.5.2 Influence of the Angle of the Surcharge, ι, on the Active Earth Pressure
		2.5.3 Influence of the Vertical Angle of the Earth Face of the Wall, α, on the Active Earth Pressure
	2.6 Inference from the Parametric Study
	2.7 Coefficients of the Active and Passive Earth Pressures
Chapter 3 Design Methodology of Breast Walls
	3.1 Design Methodology
		3.1.1 Design Loads
	3.2 Stability Analysis of Breast Walls
		3.2.1 Stability against Overturning
		3.2.2 Stability against Sliding
		3.2.3 Shear Key
		3.2.4 Bearing Pressure
Chapter 4 Comparison of Gravity Retaining Walls and Breast Walls
	4.1 Design Parameters
		4.1.1 Design Loads
		4.1.2 Coefficient of the Active Earth Pressure
		4.1.3 Base Width
		4.1.4 Volume of Masonry in a Gravity Retaining Wall
		4.1.5 Factor of Safety against Sliding
	4.2 Remarks on the Comparison of Designs
	4.3 Influence of the Surcharge and the Density of Materials
		4.3.1 Influence of the Unit Weight of the Soil on the Base Width
		4.3.2 Influence of the Unit Weight of Masonry on the Base Width
		4.3.3 Influence of the Angle of the Surcharge on the Base Width
		4.3.4 Influence of Materials of Construction on the Base Width
Chapter 5 Charts for Stone Masonry Breast Walls
	5.1 Parameters for the Development of Charts
	5.2 Charts for the Design of a 1.0-m-High Masonry Breast Wall
	5.3 Charts for the Design of a 1.5-m-High Masonry Breast Wall
	5.4 Charts for the Design of a 2.0-m-High Masonry Breast Wall
	5.5 Charts for the Design of a 2.5-m-High Masonry Breast Wall
	5.6 Charts for the Design of a 3.0-m-High Masonry Breast Wall
	5.7 Charts for the Design of a 3.5-m-High Masonry Breast Wall
	5.8 Charts for the Design of a 4.0-m-High Masonry Breast Wall
	5.9 Charts for the Design of a 4.5-m-High Masonry Breast Wall
	5.10 Charts for the Design of a 5.0-m-High Masonry Breast Wall
Chapter 6 Charts for Concrete Breast Walls
	6.1 Parameters for the Development of Charts
	6.2 Charts for the Design of a 1.0-m-High Concrete Breast Wall
	6.3 Charts for the Design of a 1.5-m-High Concrete Breast Wall
	6.4 Charts for the Design of a 2.0-m-High Concrete Breast Wall
	6.5 Charts for the Design of a 2.5-m-High Concrete Breast Wall
	6.6 Charts for the Design of a 3.0-m-High Concrete Breast Wall
	6.7 Charts for the Design of a 3.5-m-High Concrete Breast Wall
	6.8 Charts for the Design of a 4.0-m-High Concrete Breast Wall
	6.9 Charts for the Design of a 4.5-m-High Concrete Breast Wall
	6.10 Charts for the Design of a 5.0-m-High Concrete Breast Wall
Chapter 7 Detailing of Breast Walls
	7.1 Random Rubble Masonry Walls
		7.1.1 Through-Stones/Bonding Element
		7.1.2 Cement Mortar
		7.1.3 Coping
	7.2 Drainage
		7.2.1 Specifying Filters by Permeability
	7.3 Weep Holes
		7.3.1 Drainage Pipe
		7.3.2 Catch Water Drain
	7.4 Dip of the Foundation at the Base
	7.5 Wall Joints
		7.5.1 Construction Joints in Concrete Walls
		7.5.2 Contraction Joint
		7.5.3 Expansion Joint
	7.6 Typical Drawings
Chapter 8 Application of Design Tables and Charts
	8.1 Application of the Design Charts
		8.1.1 Masonry Breast Walls
		8.1.2 Concrete Breast Walls
		8.1.3 Utility of Charts
	8.2 Application of the Design Tables
		8.2.1 Masonry Breast Walls
		8.2.2 Concrete Breast Walls
		8.2.3 Application of the Tables
	8.3 Design of the Shear Key
	8.4 Design Examples
		8.4.1 Example 1
		8.4.2 Example 2
	8.5 Application of the Tables for Different Design Parameters
		8.5.1 Top Width of Breast Walls
		8.5.2 Angle of Repose of the Soils, φ
		8.5.3 Unit Weight of Materials
		8.5.4 Unit Weight of Soil
		8.5.5 Angle of the Surcharge, ι
		8.5.6 Height of Walls
		8.5.7 Example 3
Bibliography
Index