Deploying Next Generation Multicast-enabled Applications: Label Switched Multicast for MPLS VPNs, VPLS, and Wholesale Ethernet

Front-matter\r......Page 1
Copyright\r......Page 3
Praise for Deploying Next Generation Multicast-enabled Applications......Page 4
Acknowledgements......Page 7
1.1.1 Overview of IP Multicast......Page 8
1.1.2.1 Layer 3 Multicast Addressing......Page 11
1.1.2.2 GLOP Multicast Block......Page 13
1.1.2.3 Layer 2 Multicast Addressing......Page 14
1.1.3.3 IGMP Fast-Leave Processing......Page 17
1.1.3.6 Static IGMP Joins......Page 18
1.1.4.1 PIM Dense Mode......Page 19
1.1.4.2 PIM Sparse Mode......Page 21
1.1.4.4 PIM Source Specific Multicast......Page 23
1.1.4.4.1 Private Source Specific Mapping—Administratively Scoped......Page 25
1.1.4.5 Bidirectional PIM......Page 27
1.1.4.6.2 RP Placement......Page 28
1.1.4.7.2 MSDP Application in Anycast RP......Page 29
1.1.5.2 IP Mroute Limit......Page 31
1.1.5.3 Bandwidth-Based Multicast CAC......Page 32
1.1.5.3.2 Case Study 1......Page 33
1.1.5.3.3 Case Study 2......Page 35
1.2 Guidelines On Addresses Allocations......Page 37
1.3 Conclusion......Page 38
2.2.1.1 Network Components......Page 39
2.2.1.1.2 Provider Edge Routers......Page 40
2.2.1.2.1 Sample Network Topology......Page 41
2.2.1.2.4 Data Flow......Page 42
2.2.1.4 Challenges and Solutions......Page 44
2.2.1.4.1 The VPN-IPv4 Address Family......Page 45
2.2.1.4.2 Multiprotocol BGP Extensions......Page 46
2.2.1.5.1 Multiple Forwarding Tables......Page 47
2.2.1.5.3 Operational Model......Page 48
2.2.1.6.2 Hub-and-Spoke VPN Topology......Page 49
2.2.1.8 Conserving Backbone B/W and PE Router Packet Processing Resources......Page 51
2.2.1.9 Case Study......Page 52
2.2.1.9.1 Generic Configuration for PE1......Page 53
2.2.1.10 Distribution of VPN Routing Information......Page 54
2.2.1.10.3 Router PE2......Page 55
2.2.1.10.5 Ingress PE to Egress PE Route Distribution Across the Backbone......Page 57
2.2.1.10.8 Egress PE Router to CE Route Distribution......Page 58
2.2.1.10.9 Forwarding Customer VPN Traffic Across the BGP/MPLS Backbone......Page 61
2.2.1.10.11 Actual VPN Forwarding Based on the Case Study......Page 62
2.2.1.11 Summary......Page 65
2.2.2 Multicast VPNs......Page 66
2.2.2.2 Multicast Distribution Trees......Page 67
2.2.2.3 Default MDT......Page 68
2.2.2.4 Data MDT......Page 72
2.2.2.5 Multicast Tunnel Interface......Page 73
2.2.2.6 RPF......Page 76
2.2.2.8 ASM Mode Using Only Default MDT—Static RP......Page 77
2.2.2.9 PE1 Router Configuration......Page 78
2.2.2.12 P Router Configuration......Page 79
2.2.2.14 CE2 Router Configuration......Page 83
2.2.2.15 PE1 Router Outputs......Page 84
2.2.2.16 PE2 Router Outputs......Page 86
2.2.2.18 ASM Mode Using Only Default- and Data MDTs—Static RP......Page 88
2.2.2.20 Data MDT Criteria—To Only Include Bandwidth Rate......Page 90
2.2.2.21 PE2 Router Configuration......Page 92
2.2.2.23 PE3 Router Configuration......Page 94
2.2.2.25 PE2 Router Outputs......Page 96
2.2.2.27 An Important Note on PIM-SM in Conjunction with MVPNs......Page 97
2.2.2.29 PE2 Router Configuration......Page 99
2.2.2.31 ASM Mode—Inter-Provider Multicast VPNs......Page 100
2.2.2.32 PE1 Router Configuration......Page 102
2.2.2.34 CE1 Router Configuration......Page 103
2.2.2.35 PE2 Router Configuration......Page 104
2.2.2.37 CE2 Router Configuration......Page 105
2.2.2.39 Verifying the Outputs on PE1......Page 106
2.2.2.40 Verifying the Outputs on P1......Page 108
2.2.2.42 Verifying the Outputs on PE2......Page 109
2.2.2.44 SSM Mode—Using BGP-Based MDT Subaddress Family Identifier Information......Page 111
2.2.2.47 CE and Provider Router Configurations......Page 112
2.2.2.48 Verifying the Outputs on PE1......Page 116
2.2.2.50 SSM Mode—Using BGP-Based MDT-SAFI for Inter-AS MVPN Deployments......Page 120
2.2.2.52 BGP Connector Attribute......Page 122
2.2.2.53 PIM RPF Vector......Page 125
2.2.2.53.1 BGP Free Core......Page 126
2.2.2.53.2 MPLS VPN Inter-AS......Page 128
2.2.2.54 PIM RPF Vector Operation......Page 130
2.2.2.55 Configurations and the Example Environment......Page 131
2.2.2.58 BGP MDT Update......Page 134
2.2.2.60 Default MDT with PIM Vector......Page 136
2.2.2.60.1 A Closer Look from P-200......Page 138
2.2.2.60.2 A Closer Look from ASBR-200......Page 139
2.2.2.60.4 A Closer Look from PE-300......Page 141
2.2.2.61 Data MDT with PIM Vector......Page 144
2.2.2.62 PE-200 Configuration Template......Page 146
2.2.2.63 P-200 Configuration Template......Page 148
2.2.2.64 ASBR-200 Configuration Template......Page 149
2.2.2.65 CE-200 Configuration Template......Page 150
2.2.2.66 PE-300 Configuration Template......Page 151
2.2.2.67 P-300 Configuration Template......Page 153
2.2.2.68 ASBR-300 Configuration Template......Page 154
2.2.2.69 CE-300 Configuration Template......Page 156
2.3 Summary......Page 157
3.1.1 Draft-Rosen Limitations......Page 158
3.2 Next-Generation Multicast VPNS......Page 159
3.2.1 Terminology......Page 160
3.3 NG-MVPN Control Plane......Page 161
3.3.2 Provider Multicast Service Interface......Page 162
3.3.3.1 BGP Type 1 AD Routes......Page 164
3.3.3.3 BGP Type 5 Source Active Routes......Page 165
3.3.3.4 BGP Type 6 and Type 7 Routes......Page 166
3.3.3.5 Customer Multicast Routing Information and Route Targets......Page 170
3.3.3.6 Putting the Building Blocks into Perspective......Page 174
3.4.1 Point-to-Multipoint LSPs......Page 176
3.4.3 RSVP-TE Provider Tunnels......Page 177
3.4.3.1 Inclusive Tunnel P2MP LSP Setup......Page 178
3.4.3.1.1 Label Allocation in RSVP-TE P2MP LSPs......Page 186
3.4.3.2.1 Configurations......Page 188
3.4.3.2.3 Validations at the Ingress PE Router—PE1......Page 195
3.4.3.2.4 Validations at the Egress PE Router—PE2......Page 202
3.4.3.2.5 Validations at the Egress PE Router—PE3......Page 207
3.4.3.3 Case Study for an RSVP-TE-Based P2MP LSP—S-PMSI Setup......Page 211
3.4.3.3.1 S-PMSI Configuration Using a C-Source and C-Group Pair......Page 212
3.4.3.3.3 Validations at the Ingress PE Router—PE1......Page 213
3.4.3.3.4 Validations at the Egress PE Router—PE2......Page 217
3.4.3.3.5 Validations at the Egress PE Router—PE3......Page 225
3.4.3.3.6 S-PMSI Configuration Using a C-Source and C-Group with Traffic Threshold......Page 229
3.4.3.3.7 S-PMSI Configuration Using Wild Cards......Page 231
3.4.3.3.8 Validations at the Ingress PE Router—PE1......Page 234
3.4.3.3.9 Validations at the Egress PE Router—PE2......Page 241
3.4.3.3.10 Validations at the Egress PE Router—PE3......Page 248
3.4.4 MLDP Provider Tunnels......Page 253
3.4.4.1 Configurations......Page 255
3.4.5 PIM-SSM Provider Tunnels......Page 258
3.4.5.1 Configurations......Page 259
3.4.5.1.1 Validation of the Control Plane Prior to Traffic Generation......Page 263
3.4.5.1.2 Validation of the Control and Data Plane after Traffic Generation on PE1......Page 264
3.4.5.1.3 Validation of the Control and Data Plane after Traffic Generation on PE2......Page 267
3.4.5.1.4 Validation of the Control and Data Plane after Traffic Generation on PE3......Page 268
3.4.5.2 Case Study for a PIM-SSM-Based Data Plane—S-PMSI Setup......Page 270
3.4.5.2.1 Configurations......Page 271
3.4.5.2.2 Validations on PE1......Page 272
3.4.5.2.3 Validations on PE2......Page 274
3.4.5.2.4 Validations on PE3......Page 276
3.4.6 PIM-SM Provider Tunnels......Page 278
3.4.6.1 Configurations on the PE Routers......Page 279
3.4.6.2 Validations on the PE1......Page 284
3.4.6.3 Validations on PE2......Page 286
3.4.6.4 Validations on PE3......Page 287
3.4.7.1 Step 1: Check the Existing Draft-Rosen Infrastructure......Page 289
3.4.7.2 Step 2: Enable the NG-MVPN Control and Forwarding Plane in the MVPN......Page 291
3.4.7.3 Step 3: Enable BGP Support for the NG-MVPN Address Family......Page 295
3.4.8 NG-MVPN Extranets......Page 300
3.4.9 Provider Router Configuration......Page 305
3.4.10 NG-MVPN—IPv6......Page 306
3.4.11 Internet Multicast Using Next-Gen BGP Control Plane......Page 310
3.4.12 Considerations for Deploying Broadcast Video/IPTV......Page 313
3.4.13 Vendor Support for the NG-MVPN Framework......Page 314
3.5 Summary......Page 315
4.2 Beginning of NG-MVPN Support on ALU......Page 316
4.2.2 PE Global Configuration......Page 317
4.2.3 PE VPRN (VPN) Configuration......Page 321
4.2.4 S-PMSI Configuration......Page 322
4.5 Next-Gen MVPN Using RSVP-TE P2MP LSP as the P-Tunnel......Page 325
4.6 Summary......Page 326
5.1.1 Terminology......Page 327
5.2.1.1 MLDP in the Context of Next-Generation MVPNs......Page 328
5.2.1.2 MLDP Topology......Page 329
5.2.2.1 Multicast FEC Element Encoding......Page 330
5.2.2.1.2 Opaque Value......Page 331
5.2.2.2 In-Band Signaling Operation......Page 333
5.2.2.3 Out-of-Band (Overlay) Signaling Operation......Page 334
5.2.2.4 MLDP Signaling Comparison......Page 335
5.2.3.1.1 Tree Creation......Page 336
5.2.3.1.2 Multicast Forwarding......Page 337
5.2.4 Multipoint-to-Multipoint LSPs......Page 338
5.2.4.1.2 Upstream Path Creation......Page 339
5.2.4.1.3 Downstream and Upstream State Entries......Page 341
5.2.4.1.4 Merging States and Multicast Forwarding......Page 342
5.2.5.2 MP2MP Root Node Redundancy......Page 344
5.2.5.2.1 M2MP Anycast Root Node Redundancy......Page 345
5.2.6 LSP Virtual Interfaces......Page 347
5.2.7.2.1 [no] mpls MLDP......Page 348
5.2.7.2.4 [no] ip(v6) multicast mpls MLDP range acl......Page 350
5.2.7.2.10 [no] mdt Preference [pim] [MLDP]......Page 351
5.2.7.3.2 debug mpls MLDP generic......Page 352
5.3 MLDP Configuration Examples......Page 353
5.3.1 Reference Network......Page 354
5.3.3 MLDP Capabilities......Page 355
5.3.4 MLDP Database......Page 356
5.3.5.1 Scenario......Page 357
5.3.5.3 PIM Free Core......Page 358
5.3.5.4 LDP Peers......Page 359
5.3.5.5 P2MP LSP Creation......Page 360
5.3.5.6 In-Band Signaling of SSM Multicast State......Page 361
5.3.5.8 MLDP Database Entry—PE-West......Page 362
5.3.5.11 Label Forwarding Entries......Page 363
5.3.6 Multicast VPN Application......Page 364
5.3.6.1.1 Scenario......Page 365
5.3.6.1.4 LSP Upstream......Page 366
5.3.6.1.6 PIM Adjacencies......Page 369
5.3.6.1.7 MLDP Database Entry—PE-East......Page 370
5.3.6.1.8 Label Forwarding Entry—P-Central (Root 1)......Page 371
5.3.6.2.1 Scenario......Page 373
5.3.6.2.2 Configuration......Page 374
5.3.6.2.4 LSP-VIF Adjacencies—PE-West......Page 375
5.3.6.2.5 MLDP Database Entries......Page 376
5.3.6.3 Label Forwarding Entries......Page 377
5.3.6.4.2 Configuration......Page 378
5.3.6.4.3 P2MP LSP Creation......Page 379
5.3.6.4.5 VRF mRoute—PE-East Egress......Page 380
5.3.6.4.6 VRF mRoute—PE-West Ingress......Page 381
5.3.6.4.7 MLDP Database Entry—PE-West Ingress......Page 382
5.3.6.5.1 Configuration......Page 383
5.4 Summary......Page 384
6.1 Introduction......Page 385
6.2 IPTV Standards......Page 386
6.2.1 ITU-T......Page 387
6.3 NGN Reference Architecture......Page 388
6.3.1 Network Interface Definitions......Page 389
6.3.2 Services, Transport, and Management Functions......Page 390
6.4 IPTV Reference Architecture Framework......Page 391
6.5.1 xDSL in the Access......Page 393
6.5.4 SSM and IGMPv3: Initial Join in IPTV Network......Page 396
6.5.5 SSM and IGMPv3: Channel Zap......Page 397
6.6 Network Design Considerations for IPTV......Page 398
6.6.1 Bandwidth Requirement for IPTV......Page 400
6.6.2 IPv4 Address Usage Guidelines......Page 401
6.6.3 GLOP Addressing......Page 402
6.6.4 IPv6 Multicast Address Allocation......Page 403
6.6.5.2 Dedicated VLAN per Subscriber......Page 404
6.6.6 QoS and QoE......Page 405
6.6.6.1 QoS......Page 406
6.6.6.3 Channel Zap Time......Page 407
6.6.6.4.2 Media Loss Rate......Page 408
6.6.7.2 Payload Corruption......Page 409
6.7 Conclusion......Page 410
7.2 Virtual Private Lan Service Aka VPLS......Page 411
7.2.1.1 BGP-VPLS Control Plane......Page 415
7.2.1.3 LDP-VPLS and BGP-VPLS Forwarding Plane......Page 418
7.2.1.4 Autodiscovery for LDP-VPLS......Page 420
7.2.1.5 Autodiscovery for LDP-VPLS—Implementation Details......Page 424
7.2.2 Characteristics of LDP VPLS......Page 428
7.2.3.1 Full-Mesh VPLS......Page 431
7.2.3.2 Mixed FEC128 and FEC129 Configurations......Page 435
7.2.3.3 H-VPLS Configurations......Page 440
7.2.3.4 Hub-and Spoke-VPLS Configurations......Page 447
7.2.5.1 Scaling the VPLS Network......Page 454
7.2.5.2 Case Study—Connecting LDP and BGP VPLS Metro Domains......Page 458
7.2.6 Multicast Traffic in VPLS......Page 466
7.2.6.1 Selective Trees for Multicast in VPLS......Page 469
7.2.7.1 Background......Page 470
7.2.7.2 Delivering Broadband Services......Page 471
7.2.7.3 Subscriber Management......Page 472
7.2.7.4 IPTV......Page 473
7.2.7.5 IPTV Locations/Placement......Page 474
7.2.7.7 Broadband Network Overview......Page 475
7.2.7.9 MSAN......Page 477
7.2.7.10 VLAN Architectures for IPTV......Page 478
7.2.7.11 Customer VLANs and Ethernet Aggregation......Page 479
7.2.7.14 VLAN and IGMP Interactions......Page 480
7.3 Summary......Page 481
8.2 Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service......Page 482
8.3 DVB-H......Page 486
8.4 Multicast Listener Discovery Version 2 (MLDv2)......Page 487
8.5.1 Receiver Mobility......Page 488
8.5.2 Source Mobility......Page 490
8.6 Conclusion......Page 491
9.1 Future Enhancements......Page 492
9.2 Conclusion......Page 495
References......Page 496
Subject Index......Page 498