Democracy and elections in Africa

Contents......Page 8
List of Tables and Figures......Page 10
Preface......Page 12
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 18
The Role of Elections......Page 19
Why Africa?......Page 20
On Regimes......Page 23
On Elections and Democracy......Page 24
Preindependence and Postindependence Elections in African Nations......Page 25
Contemporary Africa’s Track Record......Page 29
Outline of the Book......Page 33
2 ON DEMOCRACY AND ELECTIONS......Page 38
Making a Conceptual Choice......Page 39
Defining Democracy......Page 44
Operationalizing Democratic Qualities of Elections......Page 51
Data Collection and Processing......Page 62
3 ELECTIONS IN AFRICA OVER TIME......Page 69
Frequency and Number of Elections......Page 71
The Democratic Qualities, on Average......Page 73
Democratic Qualities of Elections over Time......Page 79
Conclusions......Page 86
4 THE SELF-REINFORCING POWER OF ELECTIONS......Page 88
Going from Bad to Worse......Page 89
First, Second, Third, Fourth, and Later Elections......Page 91
A Panel-Group Comparison......Page 105
Conclusions......Page 113
5 THE CAUSAL EFFECTS OF ELECTIONS......Page 116
Democratic Qualities in Society......Page 117
A Missing Factor of Democratization......Page 120
Hypotheses and Causal Links......Page 124
6 DEMOCRATIZATION BY ELECTIONS?......Page 136
Elections Are Associated with Civil Liberties......Page 137
Analyzing by Countries......Page 146
Conclusions......Page 157
7 COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES AND REFLECTIONS......Page 160
The Transition Paradigm......Page 161
Corruption and Democratization......Page 169
Stateness and Social Citizenship......Page 171
Lessons on Consolidation......Page 173
Policy Implications......Page 174
The Power of Elections in Unfavorable Conditions......Page 176
Appendix 1. Overview of Elections in Africa, by Year......Page 180
Appendix 2. Changes in Civil Liberties Rankings......Page 183
Appendix 3. About the Freedom House Civil Liberties Index......Page 188
Appendix 4. A Data Set on Elections in Africa......Page 191
Notes......Page 212
References......Page 220
C......Page 240
G......Page 241
N......Page 242
S......Page 243
Z......Page 244