DeCoste Donald J Zumdahl Steven S Introductory chemistry Cengage learning 2019

Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1. Chemistry: An Introduction
	Chapter Introduction
	1.1. Chemistry: An Introduction
	1.2. What Is Chemistry?
	1.3. Solving Problems Using a Scientific Approach
	1.4. The Scientific Method
	1.5. Learning Chemistry
	Chapter 1 Review
		Key Terms
		For Review
		Active Learning Questions
		Questions and Problems: 1.1 Chemistry: An Introduction
		Questions and Problems: 1.2 What Is Chemistry?
		Questions and Problems: 1.3 Solving Problems Using a Scientific Approach
		Questions and Problems: 1.4 The Scientific Method
		Questions and Problems: 1.5 Learning Chemistry
Chapter 2. Measurements and Calculations
	Chapter Introduction
	2.1. Scientific Notation
	2.2. Units
	2.3. Measurements of Length, Volume, and Mass
	2.4. Uncertainty in Measurement
	2.5. Significant Figures
		Rounding Off Numbers
		Determining Significant Figures in Calculations
	2.6. Problem Solving and Dimensional Analysis
	2.7. Temperature Conversions: An Approach to Problem Solving
		Converting between the Kelvin and Celsius Scales
		Converting between the Fahrenheit and Celsius Scales
	2.8. Density
	Chapter 2 Review
		Key Terms
		For Review
		Active Learning Questions
		Questions and Problems: 2.1 Scientific Notation
		Questions and Problems: 2.2 Units
		Questions and Problems: 2.3 Measurements of Length, Volume, and Mass
		Questions and Problems: 2.4 Uncertainty in Measurement
		Questions and Problems: 2.5 Significant Figures
		Questions and Problems: Rounding Off Numbers
		Questions and Problems: Determining Significant Figures in Calculations
		Questions and Problems: 2.6 Problem Solving and Dimensional Analysis
		Questions and Problems: 2.7 Temperature Conversions
		Questions and Problems: 2.8 Density
		Additional Problems
		ChemWork Problems
Chapter 3. Matter
	Chapter Introduction
	3.1. Matter
	3.2. Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
	3.3. Elements and Compounds
	3.4. Mixtures and Pure Substances
	3.5. Separation of Mixtures
	Chapter 3 Review
		Key Terms
		For Review
		Active Learning Questions
		Questions and Problems: 3.1 Matter
		Questions and Problems: 3.2 Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
		Questions and Problems: 3.3 Elements and Compounds
		Questions and Problems: 3.4 Mixtures and Pure Substances
		Questions and Problems: 3.5 Separation of Mixtures
		Additional Problems
		ChemWork Problems
Chapters 1-3. Cumulative Review
	Questions
	Problems
Chapter 4. Chemical Foundations: Elements, Atoms, and Ions
	Chapter Introduction
	4.1. The Elements
	4.2. Symbols for the Elements
	4.3. Dalton’s Atomic Theory
	4.4. Formulas of Compounds
	4.5. The Structure of the Atom
	4.6. Introduction to the Modern Concept of Atomic Structure
	4.7. Isotopes
	4.8. Introduction to the Periodic Table
	4.9. Natural States of the Elements
	4.10. Ions
		Ion Charges and the Periodic Table
	4.11. Compounds That Contain Ions
	Chapter 4 Review
		Key Terms
		For Review
		Active Learning Questions
		Questions and Problems: 4.1 The Elements
		Questions and Problems: 4.2 Symbols for the Elements
		Questions and Problems: 4.3 Dalton’s Atomic Theory
		Questions and Problems: 4.4 Formulas of Compounds
		Questions and Problems: 4.5 The Structure of the Atom
		Questions and Problems: 4.6 Introduction to the Modern Concept of Atomic Structure
		Questions and Problems: 4.7 Isotopes
		Questions and Problems: 4.8 Introduction to the Periodic Table
		Questions and Problems: 4.9 Natural States of the Elements
		Questions and Problems: 4.10 Ions
		Questions and Problems: 4.11 Compounds That Contain Ions
		Additional Problems
		ChemWork Problems
Chapter 5. Nomenclature
	Chapter Introduction
	5.1. Naming Compounds
	5.2. Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II)
		Type I Binary Ionic Compounds
		Type II Binary Ionic Compounds
	5.3. Naming Binary Compounds That Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III)
	5.4. Naming Binary Compounds: A Review
	5.5. Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions
	5.6. Naming Acids
	5.7. Writing Formulas from Names
	Chapter 5 Review
		Key Terms
		For Review
		Active Learning Questions
		Questions and Problems: 5.1 Naming Compounds
		Questions and Problems: 5.2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II)
		Questions and Problems: 5.3 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III)
		Questions and Problems: 5.4 Naming Binary Compounds: A Review
		Questions and Problems: 5.5 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions
		Questions and Problems: 5.6 Naming Acids
		Questions and Problems: 5.7 Writing Formulas from Names
		Additional Problems
		ChemWork Problems
Chapters 4-5. Cumulative Review
	Questions
	Problems
Chapter 6. Chemical Reactions: An Introduction
	Chapter Introduction
	6.1. Evidence for a Chemical Reaction
	6.2. Chemical Equations
		Physical States
	6.3. Balancing Chemical Equations
	Chapter 6 Review
		Key Terms
		For Review
		Active Learning Questions
		Questions and Problems: 6.1 Evidence for a Chemical Reaction
		Questions and Problems: 6.2 Chemical Equations
		Questions and Problems: 6.3 Balancing Chemical Equations
		Additional Problems
		ChemWork Problems
Chapter 7. Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
	Chapter Introduction
	7.1. Predicting Whether a Reaction Will Occur
	7.2. Reactions in Which a Solid Forms
		What Happens When an Ionic Compound Dissolves in Water?
		How to Decide What Products Form
		Using Solubility Rules
	7.3. Describing Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
	7.4. Reactions That Form Water: Acids and Bases
	7.5. Reactions of Metals with Nonmetals (Oxidation–Reduction)
	7.6. Ways to Classify Reactions
	7.7. Other Ways to Classify Reactions
		Combustion Reactions
		Synthesis (Combination) Reactions
		Decomposition Reactions
	Chapter 7 Review
		Key Terms
		For Review
		Active Learning Questions
		Questions and Problems: 7.1 Predicting Whether a Reaction Will Occur
		Questions and Problems: 7.2 Reactions in Which a Solid Forms
		Questions and Problems: 7.3 Describing Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
		Questions and Problems: 7.4 Reactions That Form Water: Acids and Bases
		Questions and Problems: 7.5 Reactions of Metals with Nonmetals (Oxidation–Reduction)
		Questions and Problems: 7.6 Ways to Classify Reactions
		Questions and Problems: 7.7 Other Ways to Classify Reactions
		Additional Problems
		ChemWork Problems
Chapters 6-7. Cumulative Review
	Questions
	Problems
Chapter 8. Chemical Composition
	Chapter Introduction
	8.1. Counting by Weighing
	8.2. Atomic Masses: Counting Atoms by Weighing
	8.3. The Mole
	8.4. Learning to Solve Problems
		An Example of Conceptual Problem Solving
			Where Are We Going?
			How Do We Get There?
	8.5. Molar Mass
	8.6. Percent Composition of Compounds
	8.7. Formulas of Compounds
	8.8. Calculation of Empirical Formulas
	8.9. Calculation of Molecular Formulas
	Chapter 8 Review
		Key Terms
		For Review
		Active Learning Questions
		Questions and Problems: 8.1 Counting by Weighing
		Questions and Problems: 8.2 Atomic Masses: Counting Atoms by Weighing
		Questions and Problems: 8.3 The Mole
		Questions and Problems: 8.5 Molar Mass
		Questions and Problems: 8.6 Percent Composition of Compounds
		Questions and Problems: 8.7 Formulas of Compounds
		Questions and Problems: 8.8 Calculation of Empirical Formulas
		Questions and Problems: 8.9 Calculation of Molecular Formulas
		Additional Problems
		ChemWork Problems
Chapter 9. Chemical Quantities
	Chapter Introduction
	9.1. Information Given by Chemical Equations
	9.2. Mole–Mole Relationships
	9.3. Mass Calculations
		Where Are We Going?
		How Do We Get There?
	9.4. The Concept of Limiting Reactants
		A Closer Look
	9.5. Calculations Involving a Limiting Reactant
	9.6. Percent Yield
	Chapter Review
		Key Terms
		For Review
		Active Learning Questions
		Questions and Problems: 9.1 Information Given by Chemical Equations
		Questions and Problems: 9.2 Mole–Mole Relationships
		Questions and Problems: 9.3 Mass Calculations
		Questions and Problems: 9.5 Calculations Involving a Limiting Reactant
		Questions and Problems: 9.6 Percent Yield
		Additional Problems
		ChemWork Problems
Chapters 8-9. Cumulative Review
	Questions
	Problems
Chapter 10. Energy
	Chapter Introduction
	10.1. The Nature of Energy
	10.2. Temperature and Heat
	10.3. Exothermic and Endothermic Processes
	10.4. Thermodynamics
	10.5. Measuring Energy Changes
	10.6. Thermochemistry (Enthalpy)
		Calorimetry
	10.7. Hess’s Law
		Characteristics of Enthalpy Changes
	10.8. Quality versus Quantity of Energy
	10.9. Energy and Our World
		Petroleum and Natural Gas
		Coal
		Effects of Carbon Dioxide on Climate
		New Energy Sources
	10.10. Energy as a Driving Force
		Entropy
	Chapter 10 Review
		Key Terms
		For Review
		Active Learning Questions
		Questions and Problems: 10.1 The Nature of Energy
		Questions and Problems: 10.2 Temperature and Heat
		Questions and Problems: 10.3 Exothermic and Endothermic Processes
		Questions and Problems: 10.4 Thermodynamics
		Questions and Problems: 10.5 Measuring Energy Changes
		Questions and Problems: 10.6 Thermochemistry (Enthalpy)
		Questions and Problems: 10.7 Hess’s Law
		Questions and Problems: 10.8 Quality versus Quantity of Energy
		Questions and Problems: 10.9 Energy and Our World
		Questions and Problems: 10.10 Energy as a Driving Force
		Additional Problems
		ChemWork Problems
Chapter 11. Modern Atomic Theory
	Chapter Introduction
	11.1. Rutherford’s Atom
	11.2. Electromagnetic Radiation
	11.3. Emission of Energy by Atoms
	11.4. The Energy Levels of Hydrogen
	11.5. The Bohr Model of the Atom
	11.6. The Wave Mechanical Model of the Atom
	11.7. The Hydrogen Orbitals
	11.8. The Wave Mechanical Model: Further Development
	11.9. Electron Arrangements in the First 18 Atoms on the Periodic Table
	11.10. Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
		Summary of the Wave Mechanical Model and Valence-Electron Configurations
	11.11. Atomic Properties and the Periodic Table
		Metals and Nonmetals
		Ionization Energies
		Atomic Size
	Chapter 11 Review
		Key Terms
		For Review
		Active Learning Questions
		Questions and Problems: 11.1 Rutherford’s Atom
		Questions and Problems: 11.2 Electromagnetic Radiation
		Questions and Problems: 11.3 Emission of Energy by Atoms
		Questions and Problems: 11.4 The Energy Levels of Hydrogen
		Questions and Problems: 11.5 The Bohr Model of the Atom
		Questions and Problems: 11.6 The Wave Mechanical Model of the Atom
		Questions and Problems: 11.7 The Hydrogen Orbitals
		Questions and Problems: 11.8 The Wave Mechanical Model: Further Development
		Questions and Problems: 11.9 Electron Arrangements in the First 18 Atoms on the Periodic Table
		Questions and Problems: 11.10 Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
		Questions and Problems: 11.11 Atomic Properties and the Periodic Table
		Additional Problems
		ChemWork Problems
Chapter 12. Chemical Bonding
	Chapter Introduction
	12.1. Types of Chemical Bonds
	12.2. Electronegativity
	12.3. Bond Polarity and Dipole Moments
	12.4. Stable Electron Configurations and Charges on Ions
		Predicting Formulas of Ionic Compounds
	12.5. Ionic Bonding and Structures of Ionic Compounds
		Ionic Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions
	12.6. Lewis Structures
	12.7. Lewis Structures of Molecules with Multiple Bonds
		Some Exceptions to the Octet Rule
	12.8. Molecular Structure
	12.9. Molecular Structure: The VSEPR Model
	12.10. Molecular Structure: Molecules with Double Bonds
	Chapter 12 Review
		Key Terms
		For Review
		Active Learning Questions
		Questions and Problems: 12.1 Types of Chemical Bonds
		Questions and Problems: 12.2 Electronegativity
		Questions and Problems: 12.3 Bond Polarity and Dipole Moments
		Questions and Problems: 12.4 Stable Electron Configurations and Charges on Ions
		Questions and Problems: 12.5 Ionic Bonding and Structures of Ionic Compounds
		Questions and Problems: 12.6 and 12.7 Lewis Structures
		Questions and Problems: 12.8 Molecular Structure
		Questions and Problems: 12.9 and 12.10 Molecular Structure: The VSEPR Model
		Additional Problems
		ChemWork Problems
Chapters 10-12. Cumulative Review
	Questions
Chapter 13. Gases
	Chapter Introduction
	13.1. Pressure
		Units of Pressure
	13.2. Pressure and Volume: Boyle’s Law
	13.3. Volume and Temperature: Charles’s Law
	13.4. Volume and Moles: Avogadro’s Law
	13.5. The Ideal Gas Law
	13.6. Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
	13.7. Laws and Models: A Review
	13.8. The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
	13.9. The Implications of the Kinetic Molecular Theory
		The Meaning of Temperature
		The Relationship between Pressure and Temperature
		The Relationship between Volume and Temperature
	13.10. Gas Stoichiometry
	Chapter 13 Review
		Key Terms
		For Review
		Active Learning Questions
		Questions and Problems: 13.1 Pressure
		Questions and Problems: 13.2 Pressure and Volume: Boyle’s Law
		Questions and Problems: 13.3 Volume and Temperature: Charles’s Law
		Questions and Problems: 13.4 Volume and Moles: Avogadro’s Law
		Questions and Problems: 13.5 The Ideal Gas Law
		Questions and Problems: 13.6 Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
		Questions and Problems: 13.7 Laws and Models: A Review
		Questions and Problems: 13.8 The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
		Questions and Problems: 13.9 The Implications of the Kinetic Molecular Theory
		Questions and Problems: 13.10 Gas Stoichiometry
		Additional Problems
		ChemWork Problems
Chapter 14. Liquids and Solids
	Chapter Introduction
	14.1. Water and Its Phase Changes
	14.2. Energy Requirements for the Changes of State
	14.3. Intermolecular Forces
	14.4. Evaporation and Vapor Pressure
		Vapor Pressure
	14.5. Pressure
	14.6. Bonding in Solids
		Ionic Solids
		Molecular Solids
		Atomic Solids
		Bonding in Metals
	Chapter 14 Review
		Key Terms
		For Review
		Active Learning Questions
		Questions and Problems: 14.1 Water and Its Phase Changes
		Questions and Problems: 14.2 Energy Requirements for the Changes of State
		Questions and Problems: 14.3 Intermolecular Forces
		Questions and Problems: 14.4 Evaporation and Vapor Pressure
		Questions and Problems: 14.5 The Solid State: Types of Solids
		Questions and Problems: 14.6 Bonding in Solids
		Additional Problems
		ChemWork Problems
Chapter 15. Solutions
	Chapter Introduction
	15.1. Solubility
	15.2. Solution Composition: An Introduction
	15.3. Solution Composition: Mass Percent
	15.4. Solution Composition: Molarity
	15.5. Dilution
	15.6. Stoichiometry of Solution Reactions
	15.7. Neutralization Reactions
	15.8. Solution Composition: Normality
	Chapter 15 Review
		Key Terms
		For Review
		Active Learning Questions
		Questions and Problems: 15.1 Solubility
		Questions and Problems: 15.2 Solution Composition: An Introduction
		Questions and Problems: 15.3 Solution Composition: Mass Percent
		Questions and Problems: 15.4 Solution Composition: Molarity
		Questions and Problems: 15.5 Dilution
		Questions and Problems: 15.6 Stoichiometry of Solution Reactions
		Questions and Problems: 15.7 Neutralization Reactions
		Questions and Problems: 15.8 Solution Composition: Normality
		Additional Problems
		ChemWork Problems
Chapters 13-15. Cumulative Review
	Questions
	Problems
Chapter 16. Acids and Bases
	Chapter Introduction
	16.1. Acids and Bases
	16.2. Acid Strength
	16.3. Water as an Acid and a Base
	16.4. The pH Scale
	16.5. Calculating the pH of Strong Acid Solutions
	16.6. Buffered Solutions
	Chapter 16 Review
		Key Terms
		For Review
		Active Learning Questions
		Questions and Problems: 16.1 Acids and Bases
		Questions and Problems: 16.2 Acid Strength
		Questions and Problems: 16.3 Water as an Acid and a Base
		Questions and Problems: 16.4 The pH Scale
		Questions and Problems: 16.5 Calculating the pH of Strong Acid Solutions
		Questions and Problems: 16.6 Buffered Solutions
		Additional Problems
		ChemWork Problems
Chapter 17. Equilibrium
	Chapter Introduction
	17.1. How Chemical Reactions Occur
	17.2. Conditions That Affect Reaction Rates
	17.3. The Equilibrium Condition
	17.4. Chemical Equilibrium: A Dynamic Condition
	17.5. The Equilibrium Constant: An Introduction
	17.6. Heterogeneous Equilibria
	17.7. Le Châtelier’s Principle
		The Effect of a Change in Concentration
		The Effect of a Change in Volume
		The Effect of a Change in Temperature
	17.8. Applications Involving the Equilibrium Constant
	17.9. Solubility Equilibria
	Chapter 17 Review
		Key Terms
		For Review
		Active Learning Questions
		Questions and Problems: 17.1 How Chemical Reactions Occur
		Questions and Problems: 17.2 Conditions That Affect Reaction Rates
		Questions and Problems: 17.3 The Equilibrium Condition
		Questions and Problems: 17.4 Chemical Equilibrium: A Dynamic Condition
		Questions and Problems: 17.5 The Equilibrium Constant: An Introduction
		Questions and Problems: 17.6 Heterogeneous Equilibria
		Questions and Problems: 17.7 Le Châtelier’s Principle
		Questions and Problems: 17.8 Applications Involving the Equilibrium Constant
		Questions and Problems: 17.9 Solubility Equilibria
		Additional Problems
		ChemWork Problems
Chapters 16-17. Cumulative Review
	Questions
	Problems
Chapter 18. Oxidation–Reduction Reactions and Electrochemistry
	Chapter Introduction
	18.1. Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
	18.2. Oxidation States
	18.3. Oxidation–Reduction Reactions between Nonmetals
	18.4. Balancing Oxidation–Reduction Reactions by the Half-Reaction Method
	18.5. Electrochemistry: An Introduction
	18.6. Batteries
		Lead Storage Battery
		Dry Cell Batteries
	18.7. Corrosion
	18.8. Electrolysis
	Chapter 18 Review
		Key Terms
		For Review
		Active Learning Questions
		Questions and Problems: 18.1 Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
		Questions and Problems: 18.2 Oxidation States
		Questions and Problems: 18.3 Oxidation–Reduction Reactions between Nonmetals
		Questions and Problems: 18.4 Balancing Oxidation–Reduction Reactions by the Half-Reaction Method
		Questions and Problems: 18.5 Electrochemistry: An Introduction
		Questions and Problems: 18.6 Batteries
		Questions and Problems: 18.7 Corrosion
		Questions and Problems: 18.8 Electrolysis
		Additional Problems
		ChemWork Problem
Chapter 19. Radioactivity and Nuclear Energy
	Chapter Introduction
	19.1. Radioactive Decay
		Types of Radioactive Decay
	19.2. Nuclear Transformations
	19.3. Detection of Radioactivity and the Concept of Half-life
	19.4. Dating by Radioactivity
	19.5. Medical Applications of Radioactivity
	19.6. Nuclear Energy
	19.7. Nuclear Fission
	19.8. Nuclear Reactors
		Breeder Reactors
	19.9. Nuclear Fusion
	19.10. Effects of Radiation
	Chapter 19 Review
		Key Terms
		For Review
		Active Learning Questions
		Questions and Problems: 19.1 Radioactive Decay
		Questions and Problems: 19.2 Nuclear Transformations
		Questions and Problems: 19.3 Detection of Radioactivity and the Concept of Half-Life
		Questions and Problems: 19.4 Dating by Radioactivity
		Questions and Problems: 19.5 Medical Applications of Radioactivity
		Questions and Problems: 19.6 Nuclear Energy
		Questions and Problems: 19.7 Nuclear Fission
		Questions and Problems: 19.8 Nuclear Reactors
		Questions and Problems: 19.9 Nuclear Fusion
		Questions and Problems: 19.10 Effects of Radiation
		Additional Problems
		ChemWork Problems
Chapter 20. Organic Chemistry
	Chapter Introduction
	20.1. Carbon Bonding
	20.2. Alkanes
	20.3. Structural Formulas and Isomerism
	20.4. Naming Alkanes
	20.5. Petroleum
	20.6. Reactions of Alkanes
	20.7. Alkenes and Alkynes
		Reactions of Alkenes
	20.8. Aromatic Hydrocarbons
	20.9. Naming Aromatic Compounds
		Monosubstituted Benzenes
		Disubstituted Benzenes
	20.10. Functional Groups
	20.11. Alcohols
	20.12. Properties and Uses of Alcohols
	20.13. Aldehydes and Ketones
	20.14. Naming Aldehydes and Ketones
	20.15. Carboxylic Acids and Esters
	20.16. Polymers
	Chapter 20 Review
		Key Terms
		For Review
		Active Learning Questions
		Questions and Problems: 20.1 Carbon Bonding
		Questions and Problems: 20.2 Alkanes
		Questions and Problems: 20.3 Structural Formulas and Isomerism
		Questions and Problems: 20.4 Naming Alkanes
		Questions and Problems: 20.5 Petroleum
		Questions and Problems: 20.6 Reactions of Alkanes
		Questions and Problems: 20.7 Alkenes and Alkynes
		Questions and Problems: 20.8 Aromatic Hydrocarbons
		Questions and Problems: 20.9 Naming Aromatic Compounds
		Questions and Problems: 20.10 Functional Groups
		Questions and Problems: 20.11 Alcohols
		Questions and Problems: 20.12 Properties and Uses of Alcohols
		Questions and Problems: 20.13 Aldehydes and Ketones
		Questions and Problems: 20.14 Naming Aldehydes and Ketones
		Questions and Problems: 20.15 Carboxylic Acids and Esters
		Questions and Problems: 20.16 Polymers
		Additional Problems
		ChemWork Problems
Chapter 21. Biochemistry
	Chapter Introduction
	21.1. Proteins
	21.2. Primary Structure of Proteins
	21.3. Secondary Structure of Proteins
	21.4. Tertiary Structure of Proteins
	21.5. Functions of Proteins
	21.6. Enzymes
	21.7. Carbohydrates
	21.8. Nucleic Acids
		DNA and Protein Synthesis
	21.9. Lipids
	Chapter 21 Review
		Key Terms
		For Review
		Active Learning Questions
		Questions and Problems
		Questions and Problems: 21.1 Proteins
		Questions and Problems: 21.2 Primary Structure of Proteins
		Questions and Problems: 21.3 Secondary Structure of Proteins
		Questions and Problems: 21.4 Tertiary Structure of Proteins
		Questions and Problems: 21.5 Functions of Proteins
		Questions and Problems: 21.6 Enzymes
		Questions and Problems: 21.7 Carbohydrates
		Questions and Problems: 21.8 Nucleic Acids
		Questions and Problems: 21.9 Lipids
		Additional Problems
Appendix
Periodic Table and Other References