Database Fundamentals- First editon

Conventions......Page 15
What’s next?......Page 16
About the Authors......Page 17
Contributors......Page 19
Acknowledgements......Page 21
1.2 What is a database management system?......Page 23
1.2.1 The evolution of database management systems......Page 24
1.3 Introduction to information models and data models......Page 26
1.4 Types of information models......Page 27
1.4.2 Hierarchical model......Page 28
1.4.3 Relational model......Page 29
1.4.4 Entity-Relationship model......Page 30
1.4.5 Object-relational model......Page 31
1.5.2 Database Architect......Page 32
1.5.3 Database Administrator (DBA)......Page 33
1.6 Summary......Page 34
1.8 Review questions......Page 35
2.1 Relational data model: The big picture......Page 37
2.2.1 Attributes......Page 38
2.2.2 Domains......Page 39
2.2.4 Relations......Page 40
2.2.6 Keys......Page 41
2.3.1 Entity integrity constraint......Page 44
2.3.2 Referential integrity constraint......Page 45
2.3.3 Semantic integrity constraints......Page 46
2.4.2 Intersection......Page 49
2.4.3 Difference......Page 50
2.4.4 Cartesian product......Page 51
2.4.5 Selection......Page 52
2.4.6 Projection......Page 53
2.4.7 Join......Page 54
2.4.8 Division......Page 56
2.5. Relational calculus......Page 57
2.5.1 Tuple-oriented relational calculus......Page 58
2.5.2 Domain-oriented relational calculus......Page 59
2.7 Exercises......Page 60
2.8 Review questions......Page 62
3.1 Conceptual, logical and physical modeling: The big picture......Page 65
3.2.2 Database model......Page 67
3.2.3 Conceptual data model concepts......Page 68
3.3.1 Developing the conceptual model......Page 77
3.6 Review questions......Page 85
4.1 The problem of redundancy......Page 89
4.1.3 Update Anomalies......Page 90
4.2. Decompositions......Page 91
4.3. Functional Dependencies......Page 92
4.4.1 Armstrong’s Axioms......Page 94
4.4.2 Computing the closure set of attributes......Page 95
4.5.1 First Normal Form (1NF)......Page 96
4.5.2 Second Normal Form (2NF)......Page 98
4.5.3 Third Normal Form (3NF)......Page 99
4.5.4 Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)......Page 100
4.6 Properties of Decompositions......Page 101
4.6.1 Lossless and Lossy Decompositions......Page 102
4.7 Minimal Cover......Page 103
4.8 Synthesis of 3NF schemas......Page 105
4.10 The Fourth Normal Form (4NF)......Page 106
4.10.1 Multi-valued dependencies......Page 107
4.12 A case study involving a Library Management System - Part 2 of 3......Page 108
4.13 Summary......Page 111
4.15 Review questions......Page 112
5.1 History of SQL......Page 115
5.2 Defining a relational database schema in SQL......Page 116
5.2.2 Creating a table......Page 117
5.2.3 Creating a schema......Page 120
5.2.5 Creating other database objects......Page 121
5.3.1 Selecting data......Page 122
5.3.4 Updating data......Page 124
5.5 Union, intersection, and difference operations......Page 128
5.5.1 Union......Page 129
5.5.3 Difference (Except)......Page 130
5.8 Mapping of object-oriented concepts to relational concepts......Page 134
5.10 A case study involving a Library Management System - Part 3 of 3......Page 135
5.9 Summary......Page 139
5.11 Review questions......Page 140
6.1 Working with IBM Data Studio......Page 143
6.1.1 Creating a project......Page 144
6.2.1 Types of procedures......Page 147
6.2.2 Creating a stored procedure......Page 148
6.2.3 Altering and dropping a stored procedure......Page 152
6.3.1 Types of functions......Page 153
6.3.2 Creating a function......Page 154
6.3.4 Altering and dropping a function......Page 156
6.6 Review Questions......Page 157
7.1 Using SQL in an application: The big picture......Page 161
7.2 What is a transaction?......Page 162
7.3.1 Static SQL......Page 163
7.3.2 Dynamic SQL......Page 168
7.3.3 Static vs. dynamic SQL......Page 172
7.4.1 ODBC and the IBM Data Server CLI driver......Page 173
7.4.2 JDBC......Page 175
7.5 pureQuery......Page 176
7.6 Summary......Page 179
7.8 Review Questions......Page 180
8.1.1 XML Elements and Database Objects......Page 183
8.1.2 XML Attributes......Page 185
8.1.3 Namespaces......Page 186
8.1.4 Document Type Definitions......Page 187
8.1.5 XML Schema......Page 188
8.2.1 Simple Types......Page 189
8.2.2 Complex Types......Page 191
8.2.3 Integrity constraints......Page 192
8.2.4 XML Schema evolution......Page 193
8.3.2 Document Nodes......Page 194
8.3.5 XPath Semantics......Page 196
8.3.6 XPath Queries......Page 198
8.4 XQuery......Page 199
8.4.2 FLWOR expressions......Page 200
8.4.3 Joins in XQuery......Page 201
8.4.6 Grouping and aggregation......Page 202
8.5 XSLT......Page 204
8.6.1 Encoding relations as XML Documents......Page 206
8.6.3 SQL/XML Functions......Page 207
8.7 Querying XML documents stored in tables......Page 211
8.8.1 XMLPARSE......Page 212
8.8.3 The TRANSFORM expression......Page 213
8.9 Summary......Page 214
8.11 Review questions......Page 215
9.1 Database security: The big picture......Page 222
9.1.1 The need for database security......Page 223
9.1.2 Access control......Page 225
9.1.3 Database security case study......Page 226
9.1.6 Data encryption......Page 232
9.2.2 Physical access control......Page 233
9.5 Review Questions......Page 234
10.1 What is Cloud computing?......Page 236
10.1.1 Characteristics of the Cloud......Page 237
10.1.3 Cloud providers......Page 238
10.1.4 Handling security on the Cloud......Page 242
10.1.5 Databases and the Cloud......Page 243
10.2 Mobile application development......Page 244
10.2.1 Developing for a specific device......Page 245
10.2.2 Developing for an application platform......Page 246
10.2.3 Mobile device platform......Page 247
10.2.4 Mobile application development platform......Page 248
10.2.6 DB2 Everyplace......Page 249
10.4 db2university.com: Implementing an application on the Cloud (case study)......Page 250
10.4.1 Moodle open source course management system......Page 251
10.4.2 Enabling openID sign-in......Page 254
10.4.3 Running on the Amazon Cloud......Page 255
10.4.4 Using an Android phone to retrieve course marks......Page 256
10.5 Summary......Page 257
Appendix A – Solutions to review questions......Page 260
B.1 DB2: The big picture......Page 265
B.3 Installing DB2......Page 268
B.4.1 Control Center......Page 269
B.4.2 Command Line Tools......Page 271
B.5 The DB2 environment......Page 274
B.7 Connecting to a database......Page 276
B.8 Basic sample programs......Page 277
B.9 DB2 documentation......Page 279
Books......Page 280
References......Page 281
Contact......Page 282