Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach

Cover Page......Page 1
Title Page......Page 3
Copyright Page......Page 5
Dedication......Page 6
Brief Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 16
Contents......Page 8
1: Introduction to Computer Networks and Data Communications......Page 24
The Language of Computer Networks......Page 26
The Big Picture of Networks......Page 27
Microcomputer-to-local area network connections......Page 29
Microcomputer-to-Internet connections......Page 30
Local area network-to-local area network connections......Page 31
Personal area network-to-workstation connections......Page 32
Local area network-to-wide area network connections......Page 33
Sensor-to-local area network connections......Page 34
Satellite and microwave connections......Page 35
Terminal/microcomputer-to-mainframe computer connections......Page 36
Network Architectures......Page 38
The TCP/IP protocol suite......Page 40
The OSI Model......Page 42
Logical and physical connections......Page 46
The TCP/IP Protocol Suite In Action......Page 48
SUMMARY......Page 50
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 52
EXERCISES......Page 53
HANDS-ON PROJECTS......Page 54
2: Fundamentals of Data and Signals......Page 55
Data and Signals......Page 57
Analog vs. digital......Page 58
Fundamentals of signals......Page 61
Loss of signal strength......Page 64
Converting Data into Signals......Page 66
Transmitting digital data with digital signals: Digital encoding schemes......Page 67
Transmitting digital data with discrete analog signals......Page 72
Transmitting analog data with digital signals......Page 76
EBCDIC......Page 81
ASCII......Page 82
Unicode......Page 83
Data and Signal Conversions In Action: Two Examples......Page 84
SUMMARY......Page 86
EXERCISES......Page 87
THINKING OUTSIDE THE BOX......Page 89
HANDS-ON PROJECTS......Page 90
3: Conducted and Wireless Media......Page 91
Twisted pair wire......Page 92
Coaxial cable......Page 98
Fiber-optic cable......Page 100
Wireless Media......Page 104
Terrestrial microwave transmission......Page 106
Satellite microwave transmission......Page 107
Cellular telephones......Page 112
Infrared transmissions......Page 117
Broadband wireless systems......Page 118
Bluetooth......Page 119
Free space optics and ultra-wideband......Page 120
ZigBee......Page 121
Cost......Page 123
Expandability and distance......Page 125
Security......Page 126
Conducted Media In Action: Two Examples......Page 127
Wireless Media In Action: Three Examples......Page 129
KEY TERMS......Page 132
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 133
EXERCISES......Page 134
THINKING OUTSIDE THE BOX......Page 135
HANDS-ON PROJECTS......Page 136
4: Making Connections......Page 137
Characteristics of interface standards......Page 139
An early interface standard......Page 140
Universal Serial Bus (USB)......Page 141
Other interface standards......Page 143
Data Link Connections......Page 144
Asynchronous connections......Page 145
Synchronous connections......Page 147
Terminal-to-Mainframe Computer Connections......Page 148
Making Computer Connections In Action......Page 150
SUMMARY......Page 151
KEY TERMS......Page 152
EXERCISES......Page 153
HANDS-ON PROJECTS......Page 154
5: Making Connections Efficient: Multiplexing and Compression......Page 155
Frequency Division Multiplexing......Page 156
Synchronous time division multiplexing......Page 159
Statistical time division multiplexing......Page 165
Wavelength Division Multiplexing......Page 167
Discrete Multitone......Page 169
Code Division Multiplexing......Page 170
Comparison of Multiplexing Techniques......Page 172
Compression—Lossless versus Lossy......Page 174
Lossless compression......Page 175
Lossy compression......Page 176
Business Multiplexing In Action......Page 180
SUMMARY......Page 182
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 183
EXERCISES......Page 184
THINKING OUTSIDE THE BOX......Page 185
HANDS-ON PROJECTS......Page 186
6: Errors, Error Detection, and Error Control......Page 187
Impulse noise......Page 189
Echo......Page 191
Jitter......Page 192
Error Prevention......Page 193
Error Detection......Page 194
Parity checks......Page 195
Arithmetic checksum......Page 197
Cyclic redundancy checksum......Page 198
Return a message......Page 201
Correct the error......Page 208
Error Detection In Action......Page 210
SUMMARY......Page 211
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 212
EXERCISES......Page 213
THINKING OUTSIDE THE BOX......Page 214
HANDS-ON PROJECTS......Page 215
7: Local Area Networks: The Basics......Page 216
Primary Function of Local Area Networks......Page 218
Advantages and Disadvantages of Local Area Networks......Page 220
The First Local Area Network—The Bus/Tree......Page 222
A More Modern LAN......Page 224
Contention-based protocols......Page 227
Switches......Page 229
Isolating traffic patterns and providing multiple access......Page 234
Full-duplex switches......Page 236
Wired Ethernet......Page 238
Wireless Ethernet......Page 241
IEEE 802.3 frame format......Page 246
LANs In Action: A Small Office Solution......Page 247
LANs In Action: A Home Office Solution......Page 251
SUMMARY......Page 252
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 254
EXERCISES......Page 255
THINKING OUTSIDE THE BOX......Page 257
HANDS-ON PROJECTS......Page 258
8: Local Area Networks: Software and Support Systems......Page 260
Network Operating Systems......Page 262
Novell NetWare......Page 264
Microsoft Windows NT and Windows Server 2000, 2003, and 2008......Page 268
UNIX......Page 272
Linux......Page 273
Novell Linux......Page 274
Summary of network operating systems......Page 275
Network Servers......Page 277
Network Support Software......Page 279
Utilities......Page 280
Internet software......Page 282
Software Licensing Agreements......Page 283
LAN Support Devices......Page 285
LAN Software In Action: A Small Company Makes a Choice......Page 286
Cost of the NOS......Page 287
Political pressures affecting decision......Page 288
Wireless Networking In Action: Creating a Wireless LAN for Home......Page 289
SUMMARY......Page 290
KEY TERMS......Page 291
EXERCISES......Page 292
THINKING OUTSIDE THE BOX......Page 293
HANDS-ON PROJECTS......Page 294
9: Introduction to Metropolitan Area Networks and Wide Area Networks......Page 295
Metropolitan Area Network Basics......Page 296
SONET vs. Ethernet......Page 298
Wide Area Network Basics......Page 301
Types of network clouds......Page 303
Connection-oriented vs. connectionless network applications......Page 307
Routing......Page 309
Dijkstra’s least-cost algorithm......Page 311
Flooding......Page 312
Centralized vs. distributed routing......Page 313
Adaptive vs. fixed routing......Page 316
Network Congestion......Page 317
Possible solutions to congestion......Page 318
A home-to-Internet connection......Page 320
A work-to-Internet connection......Page 321
SUMMARY......Page 322
KEY TERMS......Page 323
EXERCISES......Page 324
HANDS-ON PROJECTS......Page 326
10: The Internet......Page 327
Internet Protocols......Page 329
The Internet Protocol (IP)......Page 330
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)......Page 334
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)......Page 336
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)......Page 337
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)......Page 338
Network Address Translation (NAT)......Page 339
The World Wide Web......Page 340
Locating a document on the Internet......Page 342
Creating Web pages......Page 346
Electronic mail (e-mail)......Page 350
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)......Page 351
Voice over IP......Page 353
Streaming audio and video......Page 356
The Internet and Business......Page 357
Cookies and state information......Page 358
The Future of the Internet......Page 359
IPv6......Page 360
Internet2......Page 362
The Internet In Action: A Company Creates a VPN......Page 363
SUMMARY......Page 364
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 366
EXERCISES......Page 367
THINKING OUTSIDE THE BOX......Page 368
HANDS-ON PROJECTS......Page 369
11: Voice and Data Delivery Networks......Page 370
Telephone lines and trunks......Page 371
The telephone network before and after 1984......Page 373
Telephone networks after 1996......Page 374
Limitations of telephone signals......Page 375
The 56k Dial-Up Modem......Page 376
DSL basics......Page 379
DSL formats......Page 381
Cable Modems......Page 382
T-1 Leased Line Service......Page 383
T-1 Alternatives......Page 384
Frame Relay......Page 385
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)......Page 388
MPLS and VPNs......Page 391
Comparison of the Data Delivery Services......Page 392
Convergence......Page 393
Computer-Telephony Integration......Page 394
Making the choice......Page 396
SUMMARY......Page 399
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 401
EXERCISES......Page 402
HANDS-ON PROJECTS......Page 404
12: Network Security......Page 405
Standard System Attacks......Page 406
Physical Protection......Page 410
Controlling Access......Page 411
Passwords and ID systems......Page 412
Access rights......Page 414
Auditing......Page 416
Basic encryption and decryption techniques......Page 417
Spread Spectrum Technology......Page 427
Guarding against viruses......Page 430
Firewalls......Page 431
Security Policy Design Issues......Page 434
Network Security In Action: Making Wireless LANs Secure......Page 436
SUMMARY......Page 437
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 439
EXERCISES......Page 440
HANDS-ON PROJECTS......Page 441
13: Network Design and Management......Page 443
Systems Development Life Cycle......Page 445
Network Modeling......Page 446
Wide area connectivity map......Page 447
Metropolitan area connectivity map......Page 448
Local area connectivity map......Page 449
Feasibility Studies......Page 450
Capacity Planning......Page 454
Creating a Baseline......Page 457
Network Administrator Skills......Page 460
Generating Usable Statistics......Page 461
Tools that test and debug network hardware......Page 463
Managing operations......Page 464
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)......Page 465
Capacity Planning and Network Design In Action: Better Box Corporation......Page 467
SUMMARY......Page 469
EXERCISES......Page 471
THINKING OUTSIDE THE BOX......Page 472
HANDS-ON PROJECTS......Page 473
Glossary......Page 474
Index......Page 494