Das Geld : Band 2 Soziologie des Geldes - Heuristik und Mythos

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
CONTENTS......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 12
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 17
CH. 1_CHARACTERIZATION OF DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS......Page 18
 1.1 Introduction......Page 19
 1.2 Examples of distributed systems......Page 20
 1.3 Trends in distributed systems......Page 25
 1.4 Focus on resource sharing......Page 31
 1.5 Challenges......Page 33
 1.6 Case study: The World Wide Web......Page 43
 1.7 Summary......Page 50
 EXERCISES......Page 51
CH. 2_SYSTEM MODELS......Page 54
 2.1 Introduction......Page 55
 2.2 Physical models......Page 56
 2.3 Architectural models......Page 57
 2.4 Fundamental models......Page 78
 2.5 Summary......Page 93
 EXERCISES......Page 94
CH. 3_NETWORKING AND INTERNETWORKING......Page 98
 3.1 Introduction......Page 99
 3.2 Types of network......Page 103
 3.3 Network principles......Page 106
 3.4 Internet protocols......Page 123
 3.5 Case studies: Ethernet, WiFi and Bluetooth......Page 145
 3.6 Summary......Page 158
 EXERCISES......Page 159
CH. 4_INTERPROCESS COMMUNICATION......Page 162
 4.1 Introduction......Page 163
 4.2 The API for the internet protocols......Page 164
 4.3 External data representation and marshalling......Page 175
 4.4 Multicast communication......Page 186
 4.5 Network virtualization: Overlay Networks......Page 191
 4.6 Case study: MPI......Page 195
 4.7 Summary......Page 198
 EXERCISES......Page 199
CH. 5_REMOTE INVOCATION......Page 202
 5.1 Introduction......Page 203
 5.2 Request-reply protocols......Page 204
 5.3 Remote procedure call......Page 212
 5.4 Remote method invocation......Page 221
 5.5 Case study: Java RMI......Page 234
 5.6 Summary......Page 242
 EXERCISES......Page 243
CH. 6_INDIRECT COMMUNICATION......Page 246
 6.1 Introduction......Page 247
 6.2 Group communication......Page 249
 6.3 Publish-subscribe systems......Page 259
 6.4 Message queues......Page 271
 6.5 Shared memory approaches......Page 279
 6.6 Summary......Page 291
 EXERCISES......Page 294
CH. 7_OPERATING SYSTEM SUPPORT......Page 296
 7.1 Introduction......Page 297
 7.2 The operating system layer......Page 298
 7.3 Protection......Page 301
 7.4 Processes and threads......Page 303
 7.5 Communication and invocation......Page 320
 7.6 Operating system architecture......Page 331
 7.7 Virtualization at the operating system level......Page 335
 7.8 Summary......Page 348
 EXERCISES......Page 349
CH 8_DISTRIBUTED OBJECTS AND COMPONENTS......Page 352
 8.1 Introduction......Page 353
 8.2 Distributed objects......Page 354
 8.3 Case study: CORBA......Page 357
 8.4 From objects to components......Page 375
 8.5 Case studies: Enterprise JavaBeans and Fractal......Page 381
 8.6 Summary......Page 395
 EXERCISES......Page 396
CH. 9_WEB SERVICES......Page 398
 9.1 Introduction......Page 399
 9.2 Web services......Page 401
 9.3 Service descriptions and IDL for web services......Page 417
 9.4 A directory service for use with web services......Page 421
 9.5 XML security......Page 423
 9.6 Coordination of web services......Page 428
 9.7 Applications of web services......Page 430
 9.8 Summary......Page 436
 EXERCISES......Page 438
CH. 10_PEER-TO-PEER SYSTEMS......Page 440
 10.1 Introduction......Page 441
 10.2 Napster and its legacy......Page 445
 10.3 Peer-to-peer middleware......Page 447
 10.4 Routing overlays......Page 450
 10.5 Overlay case studies: Pastry, Tapestry......Page 453
 10.6 Application case studies: Squirrel, OceanStore, Ivy......Page 466
 10.7 Summary......Page 475
 EXERCISES......Page 476
CH. 11_SECURITY......Page 480
 11.1 Introduction......Page 481
 11.2 Overview of security techniques......Page 489
 11.3 Cryptographic algorithms......Page 501
 11.4 Digital signatures......Page 510
 11.5 Cryptography pragmatics......Page 517
 11.6 Case studies: Needham–Schroeder, Kerberos, TLS, 802.11 WiFi......Page 520
 11.7 Summary......Page 535
 EXERCISES......Page 536
CH. 12_DISTRIBUTED FILE SYSTEMS......Page 538
 12.1 Introduction......Page 539
 12.2 File service architecture......Page 547
 12.3 Case study: Sun Network File System......Page 553
 12.4 Case study: The Andrew File System......Page 565
 12.5 Enhancements and further developments......Page 574
 EXERCISES......Page 580
CH. 13_NAME SERVICES......Page 582
 13.1 Introduction......Page 583
 13.2 Name services and the domain name system......Page 586
 13.3 Directory services......Page 601
 13.4 Case study: The Global Name Service......Page 602
 13.5 Case study: The X.500 Directory Service......Page 605
 13.6 Summary......Page 609
 EXERCISES......Page 610
CH. 14_TIME AND GLOBAL STATES......Page 612
 14.1 Introduction......Page 613
 14.2 Clocks, events and process states......Page 614
 14.3 Synchronizing physical clocks......Page 616
 14.4 Logical time and logical clocks......Page 624
 14.5 Global states......Page 627
 14.6 Distributed debugging......Page 636
 14.7 Summary......Page 643
 EXERCISES......Page 644
CH. 15_COORDINATION AND AGREEMENT......Page 646
 15.1 Introduction......Page 647
 15.2 Distributed mutual exclusion......Page 650
 15.3 Elections......Page 658
 15.4 Coordination and agreement in group communication......Page 663
 15.5 Consensus and related problems......Page 676
 15.6 Summary......Page 687
 EXERCISES......Page 688
CH. 16_TRANSACTIONS AND CONCURRENCY CONTROL......Page 692
 16.1 Introduction......Page 693
 16.2 Transactions......Page 696
 16.3 Nested transactions......Page 707
 16.4 Locks......Page 709
 16.5 Optimistic concurrency control......Page 724
 16.6 Timestamp ordering......Page 728
 16.7 Comparison of methods for concurrency control......Page 735
 16.8 Summary......Page 737
 EXERCISES......Page 738
CH. 17_DISTRIBUTED TRANSACTIONS......Page 744
 17.2 Flat and nested distributed transactions......Page 745
 17.3 Atomic commit protocols......Page 748
 17.4 Concurrency control in distributed transactions......Page 757
 17.5 Distributed deadlocks......Page 760
 17.6 Transaction recovery......Page 768
 17.7 Summary......Page 778
 EXERCISES......Page 779
CH. 18_REPLICATION......Page 782
 18.1 Introduction......Page 783
 18.2 System model and the role of group communication......Page 785
 18.3 Fault-tolerant services......Page 792
 18.4 Case studies of highly available services: The gossip architecture, Bayou and Coda......Page 799
 18.5 Transactions with replicated data......Page 819
 18.6 Summary......Page 831
 EXERCISES......Page 832
CH. 19_MOBILE AND UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING......Page 834
 19.1 Introduction......Page 835
 19.2 Association......Page 844
 19.3 Interoperation......Page 852
 19.4 Sensing and context awareness......Page 861
 19.5 Security and privacy......Page 874
 19.6 Adaptation......Page 883
 19.7 Case study: Cooltown......Page 888
 19.8 Summary......Page 895
 EXERCISES......Page 896
CH. 20_DISTRIBUTED MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS......Page 898
 20.1 Introduction......Page 899
 20.2 Characteristics of multimedia data......Page 903
 20.3 Quality of service management......Page 904
 20.4 Resource management......Page 914
 20.5 Stream adaptation......Page 916
 20.6 Case studies: Tiger, BitTorrent and End System Multicast......Page 918
 EXERCISES......Page 930
CH. 21_DESIGNING DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS: GOOGLE CASE STUDY......Page 932
 21.1 Introduction......Page 933
 21.2 Introducing the case study: Google......Page 934
 21.3 Overall architecture and design philosophy......Page 939
 21.4 Underlying communication paradigms......Page 945
 21.5 Data storage and coordination services......Page 952
 21.6 Distributed computation services......Page 973
 21.7 Summary......Page 981
 EXERCISES......Page 983
REFERENCES......Page 984
INDEX......Page 1042