Cytotoxic Cells: Recognition, Effector Function, Generation, and Methods

Front Matter....Pages i-xiv
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Introductory Remarks....Pages 3-4
T-Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity: A Historical Note....Pages 5-8
Overview of CTL-Target Adhesion and Other Critical Events in the Cytotoxic Mechanism....Pages 9-45
Front Matter....Pages 47-47
 αβ T-Cell Receptor Repertoires Among Cytotoxic and Helper T Lymphocytes....Pages 49-57
Class I MHC/Peptide/ β 2 -Microglobulin Interactions:The Basis of Cytotoxic T-Cell Recognition....Pages 58-64
The Role of CD8-Class I Interactions in CTL Function....Pages 65-71
Interactions Between CD2 and T-Cell Receptor Isoforms in CTL Function....Pages 72-83
Triggering Structures on NK Cells....Pages 84-95
Targeted Cellular Cytotoxicity....Pages 96-110
Front Matter....Pages 111-111
Immunobiology and Molecular Characteristics of Peritoneal Exudate Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (PEL), Their In Vivo IL-2-Dependent Blasts and IL-2-Independent Cytolytic Hybridomas....Pages 113-127
Regulatory Effects of Cytokines on the Generation of CTL and LAK Cells....Pages 128-137
IL-2-Independent Activation of LAK Cells by a Heterodimeric Cytokine, Interleukin-12....Pages 138-144
Immunobiology of β 2 -Microglobulin-Deficient Mice....Pages 145-150
Front Matter....Pages 151-151
The Granule Exocytosis Model for Lymphocyte Cytotoxicity and Its Relevance to Target Cell DNA Breakdown....Pages 153-165
Subpopulations of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes with Different Cytotoxic Mechanisms....Pages 166-177
Multiple Lytic Pathways in Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes....Pages 178-189
Properties of Cytotoxicity Mediated by CD4 + , Perforin-Negative T-Lymphocyte Clones....Pages 190-195
Direct Contact of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Receptors with Target Cell Membrane Determinants Induces a Prelytic Rise of [Ca 2+ ] i in the Target That Triggers Disintegration....Pages 196-201
Target Cell Events Initiated by T-Cell Attack....Pages 202-212
Apoptosis and Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes....Pages 213-222
Front Matter....Pages 151-151
Molecular Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Cytotoxicity....Pages 223-234
Front Matter....Pages 235-235
Subtractive and Differential Molecular Biology Approaches to Molecules Preferentially Expressed in Cytotoxic and Other T Cells....Pages 237-250
Structure and Possible Functions of Lymphocyte Granzymes....Pages 251-262
The Role of Granzyme A in Cytotoxic Lymphocyte-Mediated Lysis....Pages 263-272
The Granzyme A Gene: A Marker for Cytolytic Lymphocytes In Vivo....Pages 273-277
Molecular Analysis and Possible Pleiotropic Function(s) of the T Cell-Specific Serine Proteinase-1 (TSP-1)....Pages 278-294
Serine Protease Control of Lymphocyte-Mediated Cytolysis....Pages 295-304
Front Matter....Pages 305-305
Possible Role of Extracellular ATP in Cell-Cell Interactions Leading to CTL-Mediated Cytotoxicity....Pages 307-313
Cell-Permeabilizing Properties of Extracellular ATP in Relation to Lymphocyte-Mediated Cytotoxicity....Pages 314-320
The Role of Free Fatty Acids in CTL-Target Cell Interactions....Pages 321-328
Front Matter....Pages 329-329
Identification of Protein Kinases and Protein Phosphatases Involved in CTL Effector Functions. “ON” and “OFF” Signaling and Immunopharmacological Implications....Pages 331-339
Cytolytic Granules as Targets for Immunosuppressive Therapy: Selective Ablation of CTL by Leucyl-Leucine Methyl Ester....Pages 340-348
Front Matter....Pages 349-349
Role of CD8 + αβ T Cells in Respiratory Infections Caused by Sendai Virus and Influenza Virus....Pages 351-357
CD4 + and CD8 + Cytolytic T Lymphocyte Recognition of Viral Antigens....Pages 358-365
Can CTL Control Virus Infections Without Cytolysis? The Prelytic Halt Hypothesis....Pages 366-369
Immunologic Control of Toxoplasma gondii Infection by CD8 + Lymphocytes: A Model for Class I MHC-Restricted Recognition of Intracellular Parasites....Pages 370-377
Antigen-Specific Suppression of Antibody Responses by Class II MHC-Restricted CTL....Pages 378-383
The Immunosenescence of Cytolytic T Lymphocytes (CTL): Reduction of Pore-Forming Protein and Granzyme Levels....Pages 384-393
Bone Marrow Graft Rejection as a Function of T NK Cells....Pages 394-399
Class I MHC Antigens and the Control of Virus Infections by NK Cells....Pages 400-406
Front Matter....Pages 349-349
Clinical Trials of Immunotherapy of Cancer Utilizing Cytotoxic Cells....Pages 407-435
Front Matter....Pages 437-437
Macrophage-Mediated Cytotoxicity....Pages 439-454
Front Matter....Pages 455-455
The 51 Cr-Release Assay for CTL-Mediated Target Cell Lysis....Pages 457-467
DNA Fragmentation and Cytolysis Assayed by 3 H-Thymidine....Pages 468-471
The JAM Test: An Assay of Cell Death....Pages 472-477
Target Cell Detachment Assay....Pages 478-480
Protocol for Assaying CTL Activity Against Toxoplasma gondii ....Pages 481-481
Granule Exocytosis Assay of CTL Activation....Pages 482-483
Measurement of Cytolysin Hemolytic Activity....Pages 484-484
SPDP Crosslinking of Antibodies to Form Heteroconjugates Mediating Redirected Cytotoxicity....Pages 485-486
Derivatization of Cells with Antibody....Pages 487-487
Mixed Lymphocyte Culture for the Generation of Allospecific CTL....Pages 488-489
Generation of CD4 + and CD8 + Antiinfluenza CTL and Assay of In Vitro Cytotoxicity....Pages 490-491
Generation of Antigen-Specific Murine CTL Under Weakly Immunogenic Conditions....Pages 492-493
Commercial Liposomes and Electroporation Can Deliver Soluble Antigen for Class I Presentation in CTL Generation....Pages 494-496
Stimulation of CTL on Antibody-Coated Plates....Pages 497-497
CTL Recognition of Purified MHC Antigens and Other Cell Surface Ligands....Pages 498-501
Use of Protease Inhibitors as Probes for Biological Functions: Conditions, Controls, and Caveats....Pages 502-515
The Murine T Cell-Specific Serine Proteinase-1: Cleavage Activity on Synthetic and Natural Substrates....Pages 516-520
Detection of Specific mRNAs by In Situ Hybridization....Pages 521-523
Back Matter....Pages 525-527