Cyberprotest: New Media, Citizens and Social Movements

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
Contributors......Page 7
Foreword......Page 10
Preface......Page 15
1 Introduction......Page 18
Social movements theories: the role of communication and mobilization......Page 22
Communication as a tool of resource mobilization......Page 23
Communication as structured interaction with external reference groups......Page 25
Ideology, identity and persuasion aspects of communication......Page 26
Issues......Page 29
Strategies and forms of activities......Page 30
ICTs and social movements: preliminary observations......Page 32
An overview of explorative case studies presented in this volume......Page 33
Notes......Page 37
Part I  Changing the levels and domains of political action......Page 40
2 The quadruple ‘A’......Page 42
Theoretical framework......Page 43
Social movements and their audience......Page 44
Mass media and their audience......Page 46
The interplay between movements and mass media......Page 47
The quadruple ‘A’: four social movement reactions to a lack of media resonance......Page 48
Changes over time......Page 49
Media and progressive movements since the 1960s......Page 50
Movement-controlled media......Page 51
Critique of the established press......Page 52
The creation of counter-publics......Page 53
Movement-controlled media......Page 55
Interactions with the ‘establishment’......Page 56
Transnational movements against neo-liberal globalization......Page 58
Summary......Page 61
Notes......Page 63
3 Politicizing Homo economicus......Page 66
The internet and the relation between citizens and corporations......Page 70
Empirical focus and research questions......Page 71
How are the purpose, cause or values of the websites presented and justified?......Page 72
Who is the initiator and manager of the website?......Page 73
Who is the object of the protest?......Page 80
How are the characteristics and opportunities of the internet utilized?......Page 81
What role does the internet play in the activities of the organization or movement?......Page 82
Conclusion......Page 83
4 Informing, communicating and ICTs in contemporary anti-capitalist movements*......Page 86
Modes of communication......Page 88
From Indymedia to the European Counter Network......Page 90
Information overload......Page 92
Can knowledge be managed in social movements?......Page 95
Part II  Changing strategies and stratagems......Page 102
5 New media, new movements?......Page 104
Before Seattle: the MAI and the first signs of virtual resistance......Page 106
The battle of Seattle: ‘We win’......Page 107
After Seattle: from WTO to IMF, EU, G8…......Page 108
Data reduction: from ICTs to websites......Page 109
Data selection: 17 websites......Page 111
Content analysis: what is anti-globalization for different organizations’?......Page 112
Websites: a new means for real or virtual mobilization?......Page 116
Linking websites: one network?......Page 118
Conclusion: globalization, social movements and the internet......Page 121
Notes......Page 123
6 Communicating global activism......Page 126
Identity in distributed social networks......Page 128
A new politics suited to distributed communication networks......Page 129
Rethinking the organization of protest networks......Page 131
evelopment of member organizations .........Page 132
Permanent campaigns and political organization......Page 133
Communication in diverse networks is ideologically thin......Page 135
Organizational transformation through network demands......Page 137
Moving on to other networks as a protective strategy......Page 138
Specific task organizations that produce successor networks......Page 139
Organizations transformed by their internal communication networks......Page 140
New media can alter information flows through mass media......Page 141
Conclusion......Page 144
East Timor: think local and act global......Page 146
Why study the pro-East Timor movement and the use of ICTs in it?......Page 147
The pro-East Timor movement: a social movement?......Page 148
The role played by the traditional mass media and journalists......Page 149
The role played by new media......Page 153
The outcome......Page 156
 and new media .........Page 158
Note......Page 160
8 ATTAC(k)ing expertise......Page 162
The internet: a tool devoted to expertise......Page 166
The knowledge gap......Page 169
Quasi-expert discussions......Page 171
Notes......Page 174
Part III  Citizenship, identity and virtual movements......Page 176
9 The Dutch women’s movement online......Page 178
Organizational characteristics......Page 180
Internet uses by existing ‘physical’ organizations......Page 181
Virtual organizations......Page 182
Effects of internet use......Page 183
Selection of cases......Page 184
Grassroots organizations with an internal and an external function......Page 185
Representative organizations......Page 188
Virtual organizations......Page 189
Conclusions......Page 191
Grass roots organizations with an internal and an external function......Page 193
Supportive organizations......Page 195
Virtual organizations......Page 196
10 Dis@bled people, ICTs and a new age of activism......Page 198
The development of the international disability social movements......Page 199
The development of the Portuguese disability social movement and GUIA’s context of emergence......Page 202
Models of SMOs: social movements, identity politics and framing analysis......Page 204
owards ‘access’ and ‘accessibility’ core values .........Page 206
Mobilizing for change: setting up a virtual modus operandi through the internet......Page 211
Conclusions......Page 216
Notes......Page 217
Use of the internet by social movements......Page 220
Identity-building in social movements......Page 222
The Queer Sisters and its electronic bulletin board......Page 223
A sense of ‘we’......Page 225
Consciousness......Page 228
An oppositional culture......Page 232
Implications of identity on the bulletin board for mobilization......Page 234
Role of the Queer Sisters in identity-building on the bulletin board......Page 235
Conclusion......Page 238
Notes......Page 241
Farm women and their emerging political identities......Page 242
Gender and the social construction of technology......Page 245
Methodology......Page 246
The technosocial landscape of AWiA......Page 247
Australian Women in Agriculture Online......Page 248
The construction of technology by AWiA members......Page 252
A new space for political engagement?......Page 253
Conclusion......Page 254
Bibliography......Page 256
Index......Page 282