Cyber Security Using Modern Technologies: Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain and Quantum Cryptography

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Editors
List of Contributors
Chapter 1 Quantum Computing: A Global Scenario
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Quantum Computing Terminology
		1.2.1 Qubit
		1.2.2 Superposition
		1.2.3 Parallelism
		1.2.4 Entanglement
	1.3 Quantum Gates
		1.3.1 Controlled NOT (CNOT) Gate
		1.3.2 Hadamard Gate
		1.3.3 Pauli-X Gate
		1.3.4 Toffoli Gate
	1.4 Need of Quantum Computing
	1.5 Quantum Computing Approaches and Challenges
	1.6 Quantum Computing Research Status
		1.6.1 Quantum Computing Research Status in India
	1.7 Conclusion and Future Directions
	References
Chapter 2 Post-Quantum Digital Signatures
	2.1 Introduction
		2.1.1 Section-Wise Plan
		2.1.2 Background Expected of the Reader
	2.2 Preliminaries and Notations
		2.2.1 Digital Signatures and Their Security
		2.2.2 Secure Signatures in ROM
		2.2.3 Modelling Quantum Adversary
	2.3 NIST PQC Standardization Competition
		2.3.1 Round Three Candidates
	2.4 Lattice-Based Signatures
		2.4.1 Hard Problems
		2.4.2 NTRUSign
		2.4.3 GPV Framework
			2.4.3.1 Falcon Signature Scheme
		2.4.4 Fiat-Shamir with Aborts
			2.4.4.1 CRYSTALS-DILITHIUM Signature Scheme
	2.5 MQ-Based Signatures
		2.5.1 MQ-Based Hard Problems
		2.5.2 Oil-Vinegar Signatures
			2.5.2.1 Unbalanced Oil-Vinegar Signature
			2.5.2.2 Rainbow Signature Scheme
			2.5.2.3 LUOV Signature Scheme
		2.5.3 HFE Signatures
			2.5.3.1 GeMSS
	2.6 Signatures Based on Symmetric Key Techniques
		2.6.1 Picnic
			2.6.1.1 ZKBoo
			2.6.1.2 ZKB++ and Picnic
		2.6.2 SPHINCS+
	2.7 Signatures Based on Supersingular Isogenies
		2.7.1 Preliminaries on Elliptic Curves
		2.7.2 Yoo et al. Scheme
		2.7.3 A Discussion on Other Isogeny-Based Signatures
	2.8 Some Interesting Use Cases
		2.8.1 Certification Authority and Authentication in TLS
		2.8.2 Secure and Verified Boot
		2.8.3 Miscellaneous Applications
		2.8.4 Challenges in Standardization, Migration, and Ubiquitous Usage of Such Schemes
	2.9 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	Notes
	References
Chapter 3 Analysis of Quantum Computing with Food Processing Use Case
	3.1 Introduction
		3.1.1 Need for Computational Analysis of Quantum Computing
		3.1.2 Issues and Challenges in the Area of Quantum Computing
		3.1.3 Applications of Quantum Computing
		3.1.4 Paper Organization
	3.2 Related Work
	3.3 Role of Quantum Computing for HPC
		3.3.1 Programming Model of Quantum Computing
		3.3.2 Architecture of Quantum Computing
		3.3.3 Methodology and Concepts for Quantum Computing
	3.4 Quantum Computing Use Case for Food Processing
		3.4.1 Proposed System Architecture
		3.4.2 Applicability of Expected Outcomes
	3.5 Summary
	References
Chapter 4 Security of Modern Networks and its Challenges
	4.1 Introduction to Modern Networks
	4.2 Security of Modern Networks
		4.2.1 How Do We Deal with Network Security?
	4.3 Types of Security Attacks
	4.4 Modern Network Security Methods
	4.5 Network Security Tools
	4.6 Network Security Challenges
	4.7 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 5 Security and Performance Analysis of Advanced Metering Infrastructure in Smart Grid and Use of Blockchain in Security Perspective
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Background
	5.3 Key Management Protocols
	5.4 Blockchain in AMI of SG for Security
	5.5 Comparative Analysis
	5.6 Future Research Directions
	5.7 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 6 Computation and Storage Efficient Key Distribution Protocol for Secure Multicast Communication in Centralized Environments
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Related Work
	6.3 Proposed Architecture for Key Distribution in Centralized Environments
	6.4 Proposed CSKD Protocol
		6.4.1 Initialization Phase
		6.4.2 Initial Member Join
		6.4.3 Key Update
			6.4.3.1 Adding Member
			6.4.3.2 Leaving Member
		6.4.4 Key Recovery
	6.5 Security Analysis
		6.5.1 Forward Secrecy
		6.5.2 Backward Secrecy
		6.5.3 Passive Attack
		6.5.4 Collision Attack
		6.5.5 Reply Attack
	6.6 Performance Analysis
	6.7 Experimental Results
	6.8 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 7 Effective Key Agreement Protocol for Large and Dynamic Groups Using Elliptic Curve Cryptography
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Related Work
	7.3 Proposed Distributed Key Management Protocol
		7.3.1 Initialization Phase
		7.3.2 Batch Rekeying
		7.3.3 Procedure for Finding IP
		7.3.4 Procedure for Pruning
	7.4 Performance Analysis
	7.5 Implementation Results
	7.6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 8 Cyber Security Using Artificial Intelligence
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Cyber Security
	8.3 Cyber Threats
	8.4 AI-Based Systems Support Cyber Security
	8.5 Benefits of AI in Cyber Security
	8.6 AI-Based Cyber Security Tools
	8.7 Growth of AI in Cyber Security
	8.8 Challenges and Limitations
	8.9 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 9 Cloud Computing: An Overview of Security Risk Assessment Models and Frameworks
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Existing Security Risk Assessment Models & Frameworks
		9.2.1 Cloud Risk Assessment Models
			9.2.1.1 Cloud Adoption Risk Assessment Model
			9.2.1.2 Consultative, Objective, and Bi-Functional Risk Analysis
		9.2.2 Cloud Risk Assessment Frameworks
			9.2.2.1 Cloud Security Risk Management Framework
		9.2.3 Information Security Risk Management Framework
		9.2.4 Security Risk Assessment Framework
	9.3 Performance Analysis of the Existing Models and Frameworks
		9.3.1 Does the Framework Effectively Address Both Phases of Risk Management (Risk Assessment and Risk Treatment)?
		9.3.2 Does the Framework Enable the CSP and the Customer to Efficiently Assess and Mitigate Cloud Security Risks?
	9.4 Conclusion and Future Directions
	Acknowledgment
	References
Chapter 10 Generating Cyber Threat Intelligence to Discover Potential Security Threats Using Classification and Topic Modeling
	10.1 Introduction
		10.1.1 Background and Motivation
		10.1.2 Problem Statement and Goal
	10.2 Methodology
		10.2.1 Data Collection
		10.2.2 Preprocessing and Dataset Construction
			10.2.2.1 Binary Dataset Construction
			10.2.2.2 Multi-Class Dataset Construction
		10.2.3 Feature Engineering
		10.2.4 Supervised Method: Classification
		10.2.5 Unsupervised Method: Topic Modeling
	10.3 Experimental Setup
	10.4 Experimental Results
	10.5 Discussion on Results
	10.6 Challenges and Future Scopes
	10.7 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 11 Cyber-Physical Energy Systems Security: Attacks, Vulnerabilities and Risk Management
	11.1 Introduction
		11.1.1 CPES Components
			11.1.1.1 Sensing Components
			11.1.1.2 Controlling Components
		11.1.2 CPES Layers
		11.1.3 CPES Security Concerns
		11.1.4 Contribution of this Chapter
	11.2 Related Work
	11.3 CPES Threats and Vulnerabilities
		11.3.1 CPES Security Threats
			11.3.1.1 Cyber Threats
			11.3.1.2 Physical Threats
		11.3.2 CPES Vulnerabilities
			11.3.2.1 Cyber Vulnerabilities
			11.3.2.2 Physical Vulnerabilities
	11.4 Cyber-Attacks and Cyber Security in CPES
		11.4.1 Passive Attacks
		11.4.2 Active Attacks
	11.5 Cyber-Attack Analysis
		11.5.1 Some Recent Cyber-Attacks in CPES
		11.5.2 CPES-Specific Attacks: Case Study
			11.5.2.1 Case Study 1: Cross-Layer Firmware Attacks
			11.5.2.2 Case Study 2: Load-Changing Attacks
			11.5.2.3 Case Study 3: Time-Delay Attacks
			11.5.2.4 Case Study 4: Propagating Attacks on Integrated Transmission and Distribution CPES
	11.6 CPES Risk Evaluation
		11.6.1 Risk Identification and Management
		11.6.2 Risk Assessment
		11.6.3 Risk Impact
		11.6.4 Risk Mitigation
		11.6.5 CPES Forensics
	11.7 Ground for Future Work
	11.8 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 12 Intrusion Detection Using Machine Learning
	12.1 Introduction
		12.1.1 IDS Classification
		12.1.2 Why IDS?
	12.2 Related Work
	12.3 Experiment
		12.3.1 Data Preprocessing
			12.3.1.1 Transformation Operation
			12.3.1.2 Normalization Operation
		12.3.2 Proposed Feature Selection Methods
			12.3.2.1 The Technique for the Combination of Various Algorithms for Selecting Features
			12.3.2.2 The Combining Technique of Various Characteristic Choice Set of Rules Consistent with Protocol Type
		12.3.3 Evaluation
	12.4 Result
	12.5 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 13 Network Forensics
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Methodology for Network Forensics
		13.2.1 Identification
		13.2.2 Preservation
		13.2.3 Collection
		13.2.4 Examination
		13.2.5 Analysis
		13.2.6 Presentation
		13.2.7 Incident Response
	13.3 Sources of Evidence
		13.3.1 Spout the Wire and the Air (TAPs)
		13.3.2 CAM Table on a Network Switch
		13.3.3 Routing Tables Function for Routers
		13.3.4 Domain Controller/Authentication Servers/System Records
		13.3.5 IDS/IPS Records
		13.3.6 Proxy Server Records
	13.4 Tools in Digital Forensics
		13.4.1 Tcpdump (Command Line)
		13.4.2 Wireshark (Graphical User Interface)
		13.4.3 Network Miner
		13.4.4 Splunk
		13.4.5 Snort
		13.4.6 The Sleuth Kit
		13.4.7 Autopsy
		13.4.8 ProDiscover Basic
		13.4.9 SANS SIFT
		13.4.10 Volatileness
	13.5 Methodology in Digital Forensics
		13.5.1 Preserving the Evidence
		13.5.2 Web Scheme Reconstruction
		13.5.3 File Signature Attestation
		13.5.4 Network Device Inspection
		13.5.5 Recovering Invisible Files
	13.6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 14 A Deep Neural Network-Based Biometric Random Key Generator for Security Enhancement
	14.1 Introduction
		14.1.1 System Contributions
		14.1.2 Chapter Organization
	14.2 Review of Literature
	14.3 Proposed System
		14.3.1 Key Generation Unit
			14.3.1.1 Neural Network
			14.3.1.2 Multi-Task Cascaded Convolutional Neural Networks
			14.3.1.3 Facenet
			14.3.1.4 Round Off Operations
		14.3.2 Design of LFSR
			14.3.2.1 Pseudo-Random Number Generator
		14.3.3 Encryption and Decryption Process
			14.3.3.1 Encryption Unit
			14.3.3.2 Decryption Unit
	14.4 Implementation
		14.4.1 MTCNN
			14.4.1.1 P-Net
			14.4.1.2 R-Net
			14.4.1.3 O-Net
		14.4.2 Facenet
		14.4.3 LFSR
	14.5 Results
		14.5.1 Visual Presentation of the Encryption and Decryption Sequence
		14.5.2 Tests on Subsequence Generated
			14.5.2.1 Chi-Square Test
			14.5.2.2 Run Up-Down Test
			14.5.2.3 Performance Analysis of Encryption and Decryption
	14.6 Conclusion
		14.6.1 Limitations and Future Scope of the System
	References
Chapter 15 Quantum Computing and its Real-World Applications
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 Quantum Computing
		15.2.1 Key Points of Quantum Theory
		15.2.2 Qubit, Superposition, and Entanglement
		15.2.3 Supremacy of Quantum Computing Over Classical Computer
		15.2.4 Computer Computing vs Classical Computing
		15.2.5 Rumors and Realities About Quantum Computing
	15.3 Hand-Held Applications of Quantum Computing
		15.3.1 Quantum Computing in Cyber Security
		15.3.2 Quantum Computing in Cloud Computing
		15.3.3 Quantum Computing in Evolutionary Computing
	15.4 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Chapter 16 Encrypted Network Traffic Classification and Application Identification Employing Deep Learning
	16.1 Introduction
	16.2 Literature Review
	16.3 Deep Learning and CNN
		16.3.1 Deep Learning
		16.3.2 Convolutional Neural Networks
	16.4 Material and Methods
	16.5 Dataset
	16.6 Preprocessing
		16.6.1 Labelling Dataset
		16.6.2 Model Architecture
	16.7 Experimental Results and Discussion
	16.8 Conclusion
	References
Index