Current Trends In Philosophy Of Science: A Prospective For The Near Future

Contents
Contributors
Chapter 1: From the Current Trends in Philosophy of Science to the Prospects for the Near Future
	1.1 Philosophical Framework
	1.2 Main Lines of Philosophical Research
	1.3 Origin of This Book
	References
Part I: Philosophy of Medicine and Climate Change
	Chapter 2: Philosophy of Science Meets Medicine (Again): A Clearer-Sighted View of the Virtues of Blinding and of Tests for Bl...
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 The Traditional View: Evidence from Double-Blinded Trials Is More Telling
		2.3 How Could Testing for Blindness at the End of a Trial Possibly Be a ``Mug´s Game´´?
			2.3.1 Blinding and Its Possible Loss Are More Complex Issues Than Might Appear: The Insights Underlying the Analyses of Schulz...
				2.3.1.1 Loss of Binding May Not Result from Methodological Sloppiness
				2.3.1.2 Loss of Blinding Leads to Possible Bias But Not All Possible Biases Are Actualised
				2.3.1.3 Even If a Trial Has Actually Been Affected by Bias Because of Loss of Blinding, That Trial´s Result May Nonetheless Su...
			2.3.2 The ``Mug´s Game´´ Confusion
		2.4 The CONSORT Guidelines Re-revised?
		References
	Chapter 3: Environmental Decision-Making Under Uncertainty
		3.1 Hurricane Maria
		3.2 Extreme Weather Events and Climate Change
		3.3 Hurricane Insurance
		3.4 How Do You Price a Hurricane Like Maria?
		3.5 Growing Dissatisfaction with Hurricane Pricing
		3.6 Less Precision, More Flexibility
		3.7 The New Method
		3.8 Insurance Pricing
		3.9 Pricing with Confidence
		3.10 Better Decision-Making
		References
Part II: Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence and the Internet
	Chapter 4: Artificial Intelligence and Philosophy of Science from the 1990s to 2020
		4.1 Relevance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Philosophy of Science
		4.2 Development of AI from the Early 1970s to the Late 1990s
		4.3 AI & Philosophy of Science: The Situation in the 1990s
		4.4 Machine Learning and AI in 2020
		4.5 AI & Philosophy of Science: The Situation in 2020
		4.6 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 5: Whatever Happened to the Logic of Discovery? From Transparent Logic to Alien Reasoning
		5.1 Deep Learning: A Methodological Revolution?
		5.2 Deep Learning Success and Hype
		5.3 Alien Intelligence
		5.4 The Black-Box Problem
		5.5 What Can Be Done to Obtain Explainable AI (XAI)?
		5.6 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 6: Scientific Side of the Future of the Internet as a Complex System. The Role of Prediction and Prescription of Appli...
		6.1 The Many Faces of the Issue of the Future of the Internet in the Broad Sense
			6.1.1 The Focus on the Scientific Side
			6.1.2 Steps to Face the Possible Future
		6.2 An Ontological Framework: A Reality Articulated in Three Major Layers and Its Philosophical Analysis
			6.2.1 Three Main Designs in an Artificial Environment
			6.2.2 The Configuration and the Analysis in Terms of Dualities
		6.3 The Philosophico-Methodological Analysis of the Future of the Internet
			6.3.1 The Scientific Side, the Technological Facet and the Social Dimension
			6.3.2 Key Aspects of the Scientific Side: Applied Science and Application of Science
			6.3.3 The Sciences of the Internet and Other Sciences Related to the Network of Networks
		6.4 The Internet and the Epistemological and Ontological Problems of Complexity: Internal and External Perspectives
			6.4.1 Structural Complexity
			6.4.2 Dynamic Complexity
			6.4.3 The Social Dimension and Complexity
		6.5 The Role of Prediction and Prescription: Applied Science to Deal with Complexity
			6.5.1 Task of Prediction and Complexity: From the Scientific Activity to the Social Dimension
			6.5.2 Task of Prescription in the Face of Complexity
			6.5.3 Evaluation and Meta-evaluation of Studies of the Future
		6.6 Coda: Dealing Scientifically with the Future of the Internet
		References
Part III: New Analyses of Probability and the Use of Mathematics in Practice
	Chapter 7: From Logical to Probabilistic Empiricism: Arguments for Pluralism
		7.1 Logical Empiricism
		7.2 Beyond Logical Empiricism
		7.3 Kinds of Pluralism
		7.4 Pluralism in the Foundations of Statistics
		7.5 On Probability and Statistics in the Courtrooms
		7.6 Concluding Remarks
		References
	Chapter 8: Instrumental Realism - A New Start for the Philosophy of Mathematics and the Philosophy of Science
		8.1 Epistemic Contact with Reality
		8.2 Stabilization of the Epistemic Contact
			8.2.1 The Construction of a Perspectivist Picture
			8.2.2 Construction of the Heliocentric Model of the Solar System
			8.2.3 Hamiltonian Mechanics
			8.2.4 Stabilization of Epistemic Contact and the Pictorial Form
			8.2.5 Pictorial Form and Instrumental Practice
		8.3 Extension of the Epistemic Contact
			8.3.1 Atmospheric Pressure as an Example of Extended Epistemic Contact
			8.3.2 Sensory Experience Versus Instrumental Practice
			8.3.3 The Symbolic Extension of Epistemic Contact
			8.3.4 Instrumental Practice Can Offer a Complete List of Quantities
		8.4 The Idealization of Epistemic Contact
		8.5 Instrumental Realism and the Philosophy of Science
		References
Part IV: Scientific Progress Revisited
	Chapter 9: Scientific Progress and the Search for Truth
		9.1 Difficulties About Progress
		9.2 Against Teleology
		9.3 Pragmatic Progress
		9.4 Significant Questions
		9.5 Problems About Problems
		9.6 Claiming Truth
		9.7 Seeking the Truth: A Myth
		9.8 Practical Truth
		9.9 Pure Inquiry
		References
	Chapter 10: The Logic of Qualitative Progress in Nomic, Design, and Explicative Research
		10.1 Introduction
		10.2 Two Conditions for Qualitative Progress
			10.2.1 The Target and Decreasing Symmetric Difference (DSD-)Condition
			10.2.2 Three Concretizations
		10.3 Two Applications: Nomic Truth Approximation and Progress in Design Research
			10.3.1 Nomic Truth Approximation
			10.3.2 Progress in Design Research
				10.3.2.1 Basic Application
				10.3.2.2 Some Refinements
		10.4 Generalized Target and Decreasing Symmetric Difference (DSD-)Condition
		10.5 Three Applications of the Generalized Conditions for Qualitative Progress
			10.5.1 Empirical Progress and Its Relation to Nomic Truth Approximation
			10.5.2 Progress in Explicative Research
				10.5.2.1 The Method of Concept Explication
				10.5.2.2 Evaluation Report
				10.5.2.3 Progress in Concept Explication
			10.5.3 Progress in Design Research Revisited
		10.6 Concluding Remarks
		References
Part V: Scientific Realism and the Instrumentalist Alternative
	Chapter 11: Explicating Inference to the Best Explanation
		11.1 Peirce´s Abduction and Its Interpretations
		11.2 Inference to the Best Explanation
		11.3 Explanatory Power
		11.4 IBE and Bayesian Confirmation
		11.5 Modified Bayesian Approaches
		References
	Chapter 12: Re-inflating the Realism-Instrumentalism Controversy
		12.1 Introduction
		12.2 To Save the Appearances
		12.3 Varieties of Instrumentalism
		12.4 A Tension for Fictionalism
		12.5 Craig to the Rescue
		12.6 Compatibilism I
		12.7 Compatibilism II
		12.8 Compatibilism III
		12.9 Compatibilism IV
		12.10 A Coda
		References
Name Index
Subject Index