Current Trends in Green Nano-emulsions: Food, Agriculture and Biomedical Sectors (Smart Nanomaterials Technology)

Preface
Contents
Basic of Nanoemulsions
Introduction to Green Nanoemulsions and Their Properties
	1 Introduction
	2 Green Nanoemulsion
	3 Different Methods for the Production of Green Nano-Emulsions
	4 High-Energy Methods Emulsification Processes
	5 Low-Energy Emulsification Processes
	6 Pros and Cons of High-Energy Methods Emulsification and Low-Energy Emulsification Processes
	7 Properties of Nanoemulsions
	8 Agriculture Nano-Emulsion
	9 Future Possibilities
	10 Conclusion
	References
Nanoemulsions from Essential Oils: Preparation, Characterization, and Their Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Preparation Methods of Nanoemulsions of Essential Oils
		2.1 High Energy Methods
		2.2 Low-Energy Methods
	3 Characterization of Nanoemulsions Formation
	4 Potential Applications of Nanoemulsions of Essential Oils
	5 Some Limitations and Opportunities of Nanoemulsions of Essential Oils
	6 Conclusions
	References
Citrus Fruit Nanoemulsions and Their Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods of Nano Emulsion Preparation (Fig. 2)
	3 Types of Nanoparticle Delivery Systems (Fig. 3)
	4 Benefits of Preparing Nano Emulsions from Plant Extracts
	5 Applications of Citrus Nano Emulsions
	6 Conclusion and Future Prospects
	References
Nanoemulsions Synthesis from Seed Oil, Characterization, and Their Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoemulsions
	3 Application of Nanoemulsion from Seed Oil
		3.1 In Biotechnology
		3.2 Antimicrobial Activity
		3.3 Drug Delivery Activity
		3.4 In Cosmetics
		3.5 In Food Industry
	4 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
	References
Food and Agriculture
Role of Green Nanoemulsion in Controlling Food Spoilage
	1 Introduction
	2 Food Spoilage
		2.1 Mechanism
		2.2 Physical Spoilage
	3 Microbial Food Contamination
		3.1 Principal Microbes Involved in Food Rotting
		3.2 Food Oxidative Deterioration
	4 Control Food Spoilage by Bioactive Food Fresh-Keeping Films
	5 Nanoemulsions
		5.1 Formulation of NEs
	6 Green Micro Emulsions and NEs
	7 Nano Formulated Essential Oils as Novel Green Preservatives
	8 NEs in Food Industry
		8.1 Food Edible Coatings
		8.2 Essential Oils for Food Preservation in Nano Encapsulation
		8.3 Functions of Essential Oils n-emulsion as Food Additives
	9 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
	References
Use of Nanoemulsions in Pesticide Formulation
	1 Introduction
	2 Components of Nanoemulsion
		2.1 Oil Phase
		2.2 Surfactants
	3 Types of Nanoemulsion
		3.1 Microemulsion
		3.2 Emulsifiable Concentrates
	4 Developments of Nanoemulsions-Based Pesticide
		4.1 Preparation Method of Nanoemulsions-Based Pesticides
		4.2 Chemical Composition of Pesticide Nanoemulsions
		4.3 Optimization and Characterization of Nanoemulsion-Based Pesticides
		4.4 Accumulation, Dispersion, and Evaporation of Pesticide Nanoemulsions
		4.5 Advantageous of Nanoemulsion-Based Pesticide Formulations
	5 Biological Properties of Nanoemulsion-Based Pesticides
		5.1 Nanoemulsion as Fungicidal Agents
		5.2 Nanoemulsion as Nematicidal Agents
		5.3 Nanoemulsion as Insecticidal Agents
		5.4 Nanoemulsion as Herbicidal Agents
	6 Conclusion
	References
Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Nanoemulsion and Their Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 NE Synthesis
	3 Properties of Nanoemulsion
	4 Applications
		4.1 Application of Nanotechnology in Agriculture
		4.2 Nanotechnology and PGPR
		4.3 Plant Membrane Absorption of Nanoparticles and Possible Consequences
	5 Conclusion and Future Prospects
	References
Biomedical Application
Antimicrobial Activities of Nanoemulsion
	1 Introduction
	2 Formulation of Nanoemulsions
		2.1 Oil Phase
		2.2 Aqueous Phase
		2.3 Stabilizers
	3 Antimicrobial Application of Nanoemulsions
		3.1 Antibacterial Activities
		3.2 Antifungal Activities
	4 Mechanism of Action of Nanoemulsion as Antimicrobial Activities
	5 Conclusion and Future Prospects
	References
Role of Nanoemulsion in Lung Cancer Treatment
	1 Introduction
	2 Lung Cancer
		2.1 Traditional Treatment for Lung Cancer
	3 Nanoemulsions in the Treatment of Lung Cancer
	4 Advantages of Nanoemulsions
	5 Nanoemulsions for Lung Cancer: Clinical Aspects and Commercialisation
	6 Conclusion
	References
Nanoemulsions-Based Systems for Breast Cancer Treatment
	1 Introduction
	2 Pathophysiology of Breast Cancer
	3 Prevalence/Epidemiology
	4 Traditional Treatment of Breast Cancer and Drawbacks
	5 Overview of Nanoemulsions
	6 Nanoemulsion for Treatment of Breast Cancer
	7 Conclusion
	References
Treatment of Liver and Gastric Cancer Using Nanoemulsion
	1 Introduction
	2 Statistics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma or Liver Cancer
	3 Statistics of Gastric Cancer
	4 Gastric Cancer with Liver Metastasis: New Classified Evolution
	5 Use of NE as Therapeutic Agent
	6 Using NE as a Distinct Strategy in Both Cancer Treatments
	7 Conclusion and Future Prospects
	References
Nanoemulsion Applications in the Wound-Healing Process
	1 Introduction
	2 Emulsion Formation
	3 Methods of Preparation
		3.1 Dry Gum Method
		3.2 Wet Gum Method
	4 Wound and the Process of Rebuilding
		4.1 Hemostasis Phase
		4.2 Inflammatory Phase
		4.3 Proliferative Phase
		4.4 Remodeling/Maturation Phase
	5 Nanoemulsions Application in Wound Healing
		5.1 Nanoemulsions of Essential Oils for Wound Healing
		5.2 Nanoemulsion-Based Gels for Wound Healing
		5.3 Miscellaneous Formulations of Nanoemulsion for Wound Healing
	6 Conclusion
	References
Nanoemulsions Challenges and Future Prospects as a Drug Delivery System
	1 Introduction
	2 Types of Nano-Emulsions
	3 Components of a Nano-Emulsion
	4 Manufacturing Nano-Emulsions
		4.1 Method of Preparation of Nano-Emulsion
	5 Drug Delivery Applications
		5.1 Oral Delivery
		5.2 Parenteral Delivery
		5.3 Transdermal and Topical Delivery
		5.4 Intranasal Delivery
		5.5 Ocular Delivery
	6 Kinetics of Drug Release
	7 Stability in Nano-Emulsions
	8 Future Prospects
	9 Conclusion
	References
Role of Nanoemulsions in Cosmetics
	1 Introduction
	2 Method of Synthesis
		2.1 High Energy Methods
		2.2 Low Energy Methods
	3 Challenges of Nanoemulsions in Cosmetics
	4 Nanoemulsions as a Potential Carrier in Cosmeceuticals
		4.1 Dermal Application
		4.2 Nanoemulsions as a Novel Vehicle in Skin Care
		4.3 Nanoemulsions in Hair System Care
	5 Conclusion
	References
Uses of Nanoemulsions in Pharmaceuticals Industries
	1 Introduction
	2 Nanoemulsified Essential Oils Can Overcome the Limitations of Pure Oils
	3 Methods of Nanoemulsion Preparation
		3.1 High-Energy Emulsification Methods
		3.2 Low-Energy Emulsification Methods
		3.3 Methods for Preparation of Reverse Nanoemulsions
	4 Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Activities and Applications of Nanoemulsions
		4.1 Antioxidant Activity
		4.2 Antimicrobial Activity
		4.3 Antiviral Activity
		4.4 Anti-inflammatory Activity
		4.5 Anticancer Activity
		4.6 Hepatoprotective Activity
		4.7 Antipyretic Activity
		4.8 Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Activity
	5 Conclusion
	References
Safety Regulation of Nanoemulsion in the Food, Agriculture and Biomedical Sector
	1 Introduction
	2 NEs Security
		2.1 NEs in Food
		2.2 NEs in Agriculture
		2.3 NEs in Biomedical Sector
	3 Safety Regulation in NEs
		3.1 Composition of NEs
		3.2 NEs Administration Method
	4 Conclusion and Perspectives
	References