Current Topics in Developmental Biology, Vol. 20

Current Topics in Developmental Biology, Volume 20......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
CONTENTS......Page 6
Contributors......Page 16
Foreword......Page 22
Preface......Page 24
Introduction: Can Specialized Cells Change Their Phenotype?......Page 26
Acknowledgments......Page 32
I. Introduction......Page 34
ll. Keratogenesis in the Chorioallantoic Membrane......Page 35
lll. Modification of Retina Cells into Lenslike Phenotype......Page 37
References......Page 51
I. Introduction......Page 54
ll. Stable Differentiated State of Pigmented Epithelial Cells (PECs)......Page 56
lll. Transdifferentiation of PECs in Vitro......Page 57
IV. Dedifferentiated State of Chick Embryo PECs......Page 60
V. Gene Expression in the Process of Transdifferentiation......Page 63
VI. Concluding Remarks......Page 67
References......Page 69
I. Introduction......Page 72
ll. Skeletal Muscle Differentiation......Page 73
lll. Formation of Cartilage by Skeletal Muscle......Page 76
IV. Skeletal Muscle Differentiation and Relationship to Satellite Cells......Page 81
V. Synthesis of Cartilage Extracellular Matrix......Page 83
VI. Origin of the Stimulus to Form Cartilage......Page 90
VII. Conclusions......Page 93
References......Page 94
I. Introduction......Page 96
ll. Induction of Pancreatic Hepatocytes in Rats......Page 97
lll. Morphology of Pancreatic Hepatocytes......Page 99
IV. Induction of Peroxisome Proliferation in Pancreatic Hepatocytes......Page 102
VI. Histogenesis of Pancreatic Hepatocytes......Page 104
VII. Concluding Remarks......Page 109
References......Page 110
I. Introduction......Page 112
lll. Transdifferentiation from Iridophores into Melanophoresin in Clonal Culture......Page 113
V. Proliferation of lridophores without Transdifferentiation into Melanophores......Page 115
VI. Reflecting Platelet Formation in Cultured Melanophores......Page 117
VII.Concluding Remarks: Conversion between Different Chromatophore Types......Page 118
References......Page 120
I. Introduction......Page 122
ll. “Oculopotency” in Pineal Cells......Page 123
lll. Myogenic Potency in Pineal Cells......Page 125
IV. Repertoire of Differentiation of Pineals......Page 128
References......Page 129
I. Introduction......Page 132
ll. Transdifferentiation of Adrenal Chromaffin Cells in Culture......Page 133
lll. Transdifferentiation of Adrenal Chromafin Cells in Situ and in Ectopic Sites......Page 140
IV. Concluding Remarks......Page 141
References......Page 143
I. Introduction......Page 144
IV. Interspecific Transplantation......Page 145
References......Page 148
I. Introduction......Page 150
ll. The Isolation of Medusa Tissues......Page 153
lll. The Potential for Transdifferentiation......Page 155
IV. The Role of Cell Cycles......Page 164
V. Concluding Remarks......Page 166
References......Page 167
I. Introduction......Page 170
ll. Crystallin RNAs in Retina and Other Nonlens Tissues......Page 172
lll. Detection of δ-Crystallin RNA by in Situ Hybridization......Page 173
IV. Noncoordinate Regulation of Crystallin RNAs during Transdifferentiation......Page 177
V. Evolutionary Considerations......Page 180
VI. Regulation of δ-Crystallin Gene Expression: Concluding Remarks......Page 181
References......Page 182
I. Introduction......Page 186
ll. The Experimental System......Page 188
lll. Dual Regulation of δ-Crystallin Gene......Page 189
IV. Expression of Exogenous δ-Crystallin Gene in various Cell Types......Page 190
V. Correspondence to the Natural Situation......Page 194
VI. Concluding Remarks......Page 195
References......Page 196
I. Introduction......Page 198
ll. Transient Expression of Neurotransmitter Phenotype during Normal Development......Page 199
lll. Factors Affecting Neurotransmitter Phenotype......Page 203
IV. Concluding Remarks......Page 205
References......Page 207
I. Introduction......Page 210
ll. Emergence of Cholinergic and Adrenergic Phenotypes in Explanted Neural Crest Cells......Page 211
lll. Influence of Environment on Autonomic Differentiation in Cultured Neural Crest Cells......Page 214
IV. Plasticity of Neurotransmitter Expression in Developing Peripheral Ganglia......Page 221
V. Concluding Remarks......Page 222
References......Page 224
I. Introduction: Cellular Metaplasia Provides an Opportunity to Analyze Phenotypic Stability and Commitment......Page 228
ll. The Neural Crest Gives Rise to Diverse Cellular Phenotypes during Embryonic Development......Page 230
lll. Neural Crest Cells Undergo a Progressive Series of Developmental Restrictions......Page 232
IV. Environmental Modulation of Phenotype in Cultured Crest-Derived Cells Probably Does Not Cause Qualitative Changesin Gene Regulation......Page 235
V. Metaplasia by Neural Crest-Derived Cells May Be Useful for Understanding Progressive Developmental Restrictions......Page 240
References......Page 241
I. Introduction......Page 244
ll. Dual or Precocious Expression of Neuronal and Glial Properties in the Stem Cell Type, RT4-AC......Page 246
lll. Cell Type Conversion and Coordinate Gene Expression......Page 247
V. Maturational Expression of Genes That Are Not Closed by Cell Type Conversion (or Branch Determination)......Page 250
VI. The RT4 System Supports the Notion That the Tumor Has Originated from a Single Neural Stem Cell......Page 252
References......Page 253
I. Introduction......Page 256
II.
Matrix Cells and their proliferation Kinetics......Page 257
III.
Major vs Minor Differentiation of Matrix Cells......Page 259
IV. Progression of the Major Differentiation in Matrix Cells......Page 261
V. Intermediate Filaments as Markers of Cell Differentiation in the Developing CNS......Page 262
VI. Bundle Formation of Matrix Cells at Stage II and Its Function in Corticogenesis of the Vertebrate CNS......Page 267
VII. Transitory Expression of the Matrix Cell Abnormality in the Reeler Mutation......Page 270
VIII. Concluding Remarks......Page 272
References......Page 274
I. Introduction......Page 276
ll. Prestalk and Prespore Cells......Page 277
lll. Regulation of Prestalk/Prespore Differentiation......Page 278
IV. Differentiation Patterns of Prestalk/Prespore Cells......Page 279
V. Prestalk/Prespore Differentiation Tendencies......Page 282
VI. Reproductive Strategy of Cell Differentiation......Page 285
VII. Concluding Remarks......Page 286
References......Page 287
I. Introduction......Page 290
ll. Growth Dynamics......Page 291
lll. Epitheliomuscular Cells......Page 294
IV. The Nervous System......Page 301
V. Conclusion......Page 310
References......Page 312
I. Introduction......Page 314
ll. Position-Dependent Nematocyte Differentiation......Page 315
lll. The Instability of Commitment to Nematocytes......Page 320
References......Page 322
I. Introduction......Page 324
ll. Cellular Composition of the Early Thymic and Bursa1 Primordia......Page 325
lll. The Origin of Lymphocytes in Thymus and Bursa of Fabricius......Page 326
IV. The Role of the Bursa of Fabricius in B Lymphocyte Production......Page 335
V. Mechanisms of the Seeding of the Primary Lymphoid Organs by Hemopoietic Cells......Page 336
VI. Expression of Class II Antigens of the Major Histocompatibility Complex in the Thymus as Studied by the Quail-Chick System......Page 338
VII. Concluding Remarks......Page 342
References......Page 344
I. Introduction......Page 348
ll. Interstitial Immigration of Lymphoid Stem Cells in Early Thymus Rudiments......Page 349
lll. Localization of Hemopoietic Stem Cells in Embryos......Page 351
IV. Differential Commitment of VBI and DLP Mesoderms as Hemopoietic Stem Cells......Page 353
V. Concluding Remarks......Page 355
References......Page 356
I. Introduction......Page 358
ll. Useful Mutant Mice......Page 359
lll. In Vitro Cultures......Page 360
IV. Differentiation Process......Page 362
V. Probable Dedifferentiation......Page 363
References......Page 364
I. Introduction: Cell Types......Page 366
ll. Commitment in Mouse Melanoma and Other Pigment Cells......Page 368
III.
Perspectives......Page 373
IV. Concluding Remarks......Page 375
References......Page 376
I. Introduction......Page 378
lll. Commitment of EC Cells......Page 380
IV. Is Differentiation of EC Cells Reversible?......Page 382
V. Refractoriness to Induction of Differentiation......Page 386
References......Page 388
I. Introduction......Page 390
ll. Embryo-Derived Stem Cells in Vitro......Page 392
lll. Cultured Embryo-Derived Stem Cells in Chimeras in Vivo......Page 395
IV. Cultured Stem Cells: A Route into the Mouse Genome......Page 400
V. Concluding Remarks......Page 401
References......Page 402
ll. Phenotypic Stability......Page 406
lll. Phenotypic Variation......Page 408
IV. Cellular Basis for Stable Variation......Page 409
References......Page 413
I. Introduction......Page 416
ll. Definitions of Commitment and Flexibility......Page 417
lll. Flexibility and Determination in Cultured Plant Cells......Page 419
IV. Commitment and Flexibility in the Whole Plant......Page 420
V. Competence for Cell Separation–Committed Cells in Abscission Zones......Page 422
VII. Concluding Remarks......Page 426
References......Page 428
I. Introduction......Page 430
ll. Factors That Enhance the Embryogenic Response in an Early Period of Anther Culture......Page 431
lll. Conditions That Can Modify the Commitment of Isolated Immature Pollen Grains in the Developmental Program......Page 435
References......Page 441
I. Introduction......Page 442
ll. Chromosome Instability......Page 443
lll. Instability of Berberine Production......Page 448
IV. Concluding Remarks......Page 449
References......Page 450
Index......Page 452