Current Opinion in Neurology June 2010

Editorial™introductions......Page 1
A promenade along the stream of™demyelination......Page 3
Introduction......Page 5
Innate immunity and ‘early’ cytokines......Page 6
From TH1 to TH22: one cytokine one lineage?......Page 7
References and recommended reading......Page 9
Introduction......Page 12
Ultra-high field MRI......Page 13
Plasticity......Page 14
Topographical distribution of gray matter damage......Page 15
References and recommended reading......Page 16
Autologous hematopoietic stem cells for the treatment of autoimmunity......Page 18
Future perspective for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in multiple sclerosis......Page 19
Are mesenchymal stem cells neuroprotective?......Page 20
Neural stem cells definition......Page 21
Other (stem) cells for the treatment of multiple sclerosis......Page 22
References and recommended reading......Page 23
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy......Page 26
Natalizumab......Page 27
Rituximab......Page 29
Antitumour necrosing factor-alpha and multiple sclerosis......Page 30
References and recommended reading......Page 31
General developments in diagnosis, treatment and understanding of leukodystrophies......Page 34
Globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe disease)......Page 35
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy......Page 36
Advances in other leukodystrophies and overview......Page 38
References and recommended reading......Page 39
Introduction......Page 42
Investigations......Page 43
Intravenous immunoglobulin......Page 44
Methotrexate......Page 45
Rituximab and other monoclonal antibodies......Page 46
References and recommended reading......Page 47
Epidemiology......Page 49
Evaluation of pediatric headache......Page 50
Acute treatment......Page 51
References and recommended reading......Page 52
Chronic migraine: advances in preventive therapy......Page 54
Conclusion......Page 56
References and recommended reading......Page 57
Glyceryl trinitrate model of migraine......Page 59
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide model of migraine......Page 61
Human models of migraine and brain imaging......Page 62
Human models of migraine as a tool to investigate the mechanism of action of drugs......Page 63
References and recommended reading......Page 64
Vascular physiology in a nutshell......Page 66
Arterial motility and regulation......Page 67
Wolff's vascular hypothesis and its downfall......Page 69
Vascular changes during cortical spreading depression......Page 70
How can we explain the delay in headache after a vascular disruption or aura?......Page 71
References and recommended reading......Page 72
Dopamine and the pathogenesis in migraine......Page 75
Origins of descending dopamine: the A11 nucleus......Page 76
Dopamine genetics and migraine......Page 78
References and recommended reading......Page 79
Principles of cellular labelling for MRI: contrast agents and pulse sequences......Page 82
Functional consequences of cell labelling by MR contrast agents......Page 83
Neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke......Page 84
References and recommended reading......Page 85
Introduction......Page 87
Preclinical experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis studies......Page 88
Clinical studies......Page 89
Conclusion......Page 90
References and recommended reading......Page 91
Classification of edema......Page 93
Edema in traumatic brain injury......Page 94
Aquaporins......Page 95
Vasoactive agents......Page 96
References and recommended reading......Page 97
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis......Page 100
Cerebrospinal fluid......Page 101
Management of patients......Page 102
Conclusion......Page 103
References and recommended reading......Page 104
Influenza and central nervous system complications......Page 105
Diagnosis of influenza-associated acute encephalopathy......Page 106
Pathogenesis of influenza-associated acute encephalopathy/encephalitis: cytokine storm......Page 107
Pathogenesis of influenza-associated acute encephalopathy/encephalitis: in summary......Page 108
References and recommended reading......Page 109
Nasopharyngeal colonization, bacteremia and entering of the subarachnoid space......Page 112
Toll-like receptors......Page 113
Morphology of neuronal cell death......Page 114
Studies in experimental models......Page 115
References and recommended reading......Page 117
Introduction......Page 119
Group A meningococcal vaccines......Page 120
Meningococcal vesicle vaccines......Page 121
References and recommended reading......Page 122