CURRENT Diagnosis and Treatment Critical Care, Third Edition

Contents......Page 5
Authors......Page 9
Preface......Page 13
General Principles of Critical Care......Page 15
Role of the Medical Director of the Intensive Care Unit......Page 22
Critical Care Scoring......Page 24
Current Controversies & Unresolved Issues......Page 26
Disorders of Fluid Volume......Page 28
Disorders of Water Balance......Page 36
Disorders of Potassium Balance......Page 48
Disorders of Phosphorus Balance......Page 56
Disorders of Magnesium Balance......Page 61
Disorders of Calcium Balance......Page 65
Acid-Base Homeostasis & Disorders......Page 70
Blood Components......Page 85
Complications of Transfusion......Page 93
Current Controversies & Unresolved Issues......Page 96
Pharmacokinetic Considerations......Page 102
Medication Errors & Prevention in the ICU......Page 109
Physiologic Effects of Anesthesia in the Critically Ill......Page 111
Airway Management......Page 115
Pain Management in the ICU......Page 117
Muscle Relaxants in Intensive Care......Page 120
Sedative-Hypnotics for the Critically Ill......Page 124
Malignant Hyperthermia......Page 129
Nutrition & Malnutrition in the Critically Ill Patient......Page 131
Nutritional Therapy......Page 140
Nutritional Support in Specific Diseases......Page 144
New Treatment Strategies for the Malnourished Critically Ill Patient......Page 148
Imaging Techniques......Page 151
Iodinated Contrast Agents......Page 152
Imaging of Support & Monitoring Devices in the ICU......Page 153
Imaging in Pulmonary Diseases......Page 158
Imaging in Pleural Disorders......Page 175
Imaging of the Abdomen & Pelvis......Page 181
Imaging of Acute Gallbladder & Biliary Tract Disorders......Page 195
Imaging in Emergent & Urgent Genitourinary Conditions......Page 198
Electrocardiography......Page 201
Blood Pressure Monitoring......Page 202
Central Venous Catheters......Page 207
Pulmonary Artery Catheterization......Page 210
Cardiac Output......Page 213
Pulse Oximetry......Page 215
Airway CO[sub(2)] Monitoring......Page 217
Respiratory Mechanics......Page 218
Clinical Applications......Page 220
Interhospital Transport......Page 222
Equipment & Monitoring......Page 225
Education & Training......Page 226
Reimbursement Standards & Costs......Page 227
Current Controversies & Unresolved Issues......Page 228
Ethical Principles......Page 229
Ethical Decision Making......Page 230
Medicolegal Aspects of Decision Making......Page 231
Withholding & Withdrawing Life Support......Page 232
Role of the Health Care Professional......Page 233
Web Sites for Health Care Ethics Information & Policies......Page 235
Hypovolemic Shock......Page 236
Distributive Shock......Page 244
Cardiac Shock......Page 256
Pathophysiology of Respiratory Failure......Page 261
Treatment of Acute Respiratory Failure......Page 267
Acute Respiratory Failure from Specific Disorders......Page 294
13. Renal Failure......Page 328
Nondialytic Therapy for Acute Renal Failure......Page 344
Dialytic Therapy for the Critically Ill Patient......Page 348
Critical Illness in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure......Page 356
Pancreatitis......Page 359
Bowel Obstruction......Page 365
Obstruction of the Large Bowel......Page 368
Adynamic (Paralytic) Ileus......Page 369
Diarrhea & Malabsorption......Page 370
Diarrhea......Page 371
Sepsis......Page 373
Community-Acquired Pneumonia......Page 376
Urosepsis......Page 379
Infective Endocarditis......Page 381
Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections......Page 384
Intraabdominal Infections......Page 386
Infections in Special Hosts......Page 387
Principles of Antibiotic Use in the ICU......Page 390
Nosocomial Pneumonia......Page 393
Urinary Catheter–Associated Infections......Page 396
Intravenous Catheter–Associated Infections......Page 398
Clostridium Difficile–Associated Diarrhea......Page 400
Hematogenously Disseminated Candidiasis......Page 402
Antimicrobial Resistance in the ICU......Page 403
Botulism......Page 406
Tetanus......Page 408
16. Surgical Infections......Page 411
Evaluation and Management of Infection by Body Site......Page 414
17. Bleeding & Hemostasis......Page 423
Current Controversies & Unresolved Issues......Page 441
Delirium......Page 445
Depression......Page 450
Anxiety & Fear......Page 452
Staff Issues......Page 454
Physiologic Changes with Age......Page 457
Management of the Elderly Patient in the ICU......Page 459
Special Considerations......Page 461
Central Nervous System Disorders......Page 465
Metabolic Disorders......Page 471
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome......Page 479
21. Cardiac Problems in Critical Care......Page 481
Atrial Arrhythmias......Page 500
Ventricular Arrhythmias......Page 502
Heart Block......Page 505
Cardiac Problems During Pregnancy......Page 507
Toxic Effects of Cardiac Drugs......Page 508
Physiologic Considerations......Page 512
Myocardial Ischemia (Angina Pectoris)......Page 513
Acute Coronary Syndromes: Unstable Angina and Non-ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction......Page 516
Acute Myocardial Infarction with ST-Segment Elevation......Page 519
Aneurysms, Dissections, & Transections of the Great Vessels......Page 528
Postoperative Arrhythmias......Page 532
Bleeding, Coagulopathy, & Blood Product Utilization......Page 534
Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Hypothermia, Circulatory Arrest, & Ventricular Assistance......Page 539
Postoperative Low-Output States......Page 543
Status Asthmaticus......Page 548
Life-Threatening Hemoptysis......Page 554
Deep Venous Thrombosis & Pulmonary Thromboembolism......Page 559
Anaphylaxis......Page 576
Angioedema......Page 578
Thyroid Storm......Page 580
Myxedema Coma......Page 584
Acute Adrenal Insufficiency......Page 586
Sick Euthyroid Syndrome......Page 590
Diabetic Ketoacidosis......Page 595
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma......Page 607
Hyperglycemia......Page 608
Hypoglycemia......Page 609
Other Complications of Diabetes Mellitus......Page 611
Complications of HIV Disease: An Overview......Page 612
Other Infectious Causes of Pneumonia and Respiratory Failure......Page 618
Common Skin Disorders......Page 623
Drug Reactions......Page 626
Purpura......Page 633
Life-Threatening Dermatoses......Page 637
Cutaneous Manifestations of Infection......Page 640
Vascular Emergencies in the ICU......Page 646
Critical Care of the Vascular Surgery Patient......Page 665
Encephalopathy & Coma......Page 672
Seizures......Page 676
Neuromuscular Disorders......Page 680
Cerebrovascular Diseases......Page 687
Head Injuries......Page 694
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage......Page 700
Tumors of the Central Nervous System......Page 702
Cervical Spinal Cord Injuries......Page 704
32. Acute Abdomen......Page 710
Specific Pathologic Entities......Page 714
Current Controversies & Unresolved Issues......Page 715
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding......Page 717
Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding......Page 724
Acute Hepatic Failure......Page 728
Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding from Portal Hypertension......Page 730
Ascites......Page 731
Hepatorenal Syndrome......Page 733
Liver Resection in Patients with Cirrhosis......Page 734
I. Thermal Burn Injury......Page 737
Initial Care of the Burn Patient......Page 741
Principles of Burn Treatment......Page 744
Care of the Burn Wound......Page 749
Postresuscitation Period......Page 755
Nutrition......Page 757
II. Chemical Burn Injury......Page 763
III. Electrical Burn Injury......Page 764
Evaluation of Poisoning in the Acute Care Setting or ICU......Page 766
Treatment of Poisoning in the ICU......Page 768
Management of Specific Poisonings......Page 771
Heat Stroke......Page 800
Hypothermia......Page 802
Frostbite......Page 805
Near-Drowning......Page 807
Envenomation......Page 809
Electric Shock & Lightning Injury......Page 812
Radiation Injury......Page 814
Physiologic Adaptation to Pregnancy......Page 816
General Considerations in the Care of the Pregnant Patient in the ICU......Page 818
Management of Critical Complications of Pregnancy......Page 821
Antiplatelet Agents......Page 835
Anticoagulants......Page 839
New Anticoagulants......Page 845
Oral Anticoagulants......Page 846
Thrombolytic Therapy......Page 850
Antithrombotic Therapy in Pregnancy......Page 852
Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome......Page 853
Future Directions......Page 854
A......Page 857
B......Page 861
C......Page 862
D......Page 867
E......Page 869
F......Page 870
G......Page 871
H......Page 872
I......Page 875
L......Page 877
M......Page 878
N......Page 880
O......Page 881
P......Page 882
R......Page 885
S......Page 886
T......Page 889
U......Page 890
V......Page 891
Z......Page 892