Current anaerobic digestion technologies used for the treatment of municipal organic solid waste [Electronic resource]: contractor's report to The Board

Index of Tables......Page 6
Acknowledgments......Page 7
Executive Summary......Page 8
Abbreviations and Acronyms......Page 11
Glossary of Terms......Page 13
Digestion Process Description......Page 16
U.S. and California......Page 18
Europe......Page 21
Categories of Engineered AD Systems......Page 22
Material Handling Systems......Page 25
Review of Commercial AD Technologies for MSW Treatment......Page 29
Waasa......Page 30
BIMA......Page 31
Single-stage Dry Systems......Page 32
Organic Waste Systems (Dranco Process)......Page 33
Waste Recovery Systems, Inc. (Steinmüller Valorga process)......Page 37
Kompogas AG (Kompogas process)......Page 39
Multi-Stage Digesters......Page 42
Biotechnische Abfallverwertung GmbH & Co. KG (BTA)......Page 43
Linde-KCA-Dresden GmbH......Page 44
Super Blue Box Recycling (SUBBOR)......Page 45
WEHRLE Umwelt GmbH (Biopercolat)......Page 46
Biocel......Page 47
Sequential Batch Anaerobic Composting (SEBAC)......Page 50
Anaerobic Phased Solids (APS) Digester......Page 51
BioConverter......Page 53
Demonstration Plants and Proposed Commercial Digesters in the U.S.......Page 54
Europe......Page 60
Canada......Page 62
Others......Page 63
Biogas Yield......Page 65
Life Cycle Analysis......Page 69
Economics......Page 71
Costs......Page 74
Revenues......Page 76
The financial viability of AD projects depends greatly on the size of tipping fees received for treating the waste [50]. The average tipping fee for waste hauled to landfills in the U.S. in 2004 was $37.79 per MT ($34.29 per ton) [125]. Between 1985 and 1998 tipping fees increased at a relatively steady rate of $2 per year, but tipping fees stagnated after 1998. They were also found to vary widely by region [125]. In 2004 tipping fees ranged from $26 per MT ($24 per ton) in the central U.S. to $77 per MT ($70 per ton) in the northeastern U.S. In California, landfills received an average of $34 per MT ($31 per ton) in 2000, which was actually slightly lower than the average 1995 tipping fee, but within California tipping fees ranged from $2.75 per MT ($2.50 per ton) to $94 per MT ($85 per ton) . Because AD facilities only treat OFMSW, the tipping fees charged could be different from those charged by landfills and MRFs. Tipping fees charged by incineration facilities have historically been slightly higher than landfill tipping fees [125]. The price of tipping fees received by AD facilities could be influenced by transportation costs, environmental restrictions and land pressures, as well as competition between facilities accepting OFMSW, especially as the sector expands. Conclusions and Recommendations......Page 78
Technological Issues......Page 79
Wastewater Treatment......Page 81
Landfill......Page 82
Composting......Page 83
Source Reference Notes......Page 84