Culture counts: a concise introduction to cultural anthropology

Cover......Page 1
Contents......Page 9
Chapter 1: What Is Anthropology And Why Should I Care?......Page 26
 The Nacirema......Page 27
  Specialization In Anthropology......Page 32
  Anthropology And “Race”......Page 41
  Why Study Anthropology......Page 42
  Bringing It Back Home: The Anthropology of Violence......Page 48
  Chapter Summary......Page 50
  Key Terms......Page 51
Chapter 2: Culture Counts......Page 52
 Feral Children......Page 53
  Culture Is Made Up Of Learned Behaviors......Page 57
  Culture Is The Way Humans Organize The World And Use Symbols To Give It Meaning......Page 60
  Culture Is An Integrated System—or Is It?......Page 64
  Culture Is A Shared System Of Norms And Values—or Is It?......Page 67
  Culture Is The Way Human Beings Adapt To The World......Page 70
  Culture Is Constantly Changing......Page 72
  Culture Counts......Page 75
  Bringing It Back Home: Is There an American Culture?......Page 76
  Chapter Summary......Page 77
  Key Terms......Page 79
Chapter 3: Doing Cultural Anthropology......Page 80
 Working Among Young Offenders In Brazil......Page 81
  A Little History......Page 84
  Anthropological Techniques......Page 88
  Changing Directions And Critical Issues In Ethnography......Page 93
  Ethical Considerations In Fieldwork......Page 99
  New Roles For Ethnographers......Page 102
  Bringing It Back Home: Anthropologists and Human Rights......Page 104
  Chapter Summary......Page 106
  Key Terms......Page 108
Chapter 4: Communication......Page 109
 Why Don’t You Speak Good?......Page 110
  The Origins And Characteristics Of Human Language......Page 111
  The Structure Of Language......Page 114
  Language And Culture......Page 118
  Nonverbal Communication......Page 124
  Language Change......Page 127
  Bringing It Back Home: English Only......Page 132
  Chapter Summary......Page 133
  Key Terms......Page 135
Chapter 5: Making A Living......Page 136
 Arctic Cultures And Climate Change......Page 137
  Human Adaptation, The Environment And Technology......Page 139
  Major Types Of Subsistence Strategies......Page 141
  Bringing It Back Home: Glabalization and Food Choice......Page 159
  Chapter Summary......Page 161
  Key Terms......Page 162
Chapter 6: Economics......Page 163
 Ultimate Dictator......Page 164
  Economic Behavior......Page 165
  Allocating Resources......Page 168
  Organizing Labor......Page 171
  Distribution: Systems Of Exchange And Consumption......Page 174
  Bringing It Back Home: UX (User Experience)......Page 188
  Chapter Summary......Page 190
  Key Terms......Page 191
Chapter 7: Political Organization......Page 192
 Wealth And Power In The Asante State......Page 193
  Political Processes......Page 194
  Political Organization......Page 195
  Types Of Political Organization......Page 197
  The Emergence Of The Nation-State......Page 208
  Using Anthropology: Advocating For The Chagossians......Page 212
  Bringing It Back Home: Do Good Fences Make Good Neighbors?......Page 213
  Chapter Summary......Page 216
  Key Terms......Page 217
Chapter 8: Stratification: Class, Caste, Race, And Ethnicity......Page 218
 Wealth And Poverty: Global Perspectives......Page 219
  Explaining Social Stratification......Page 220
  Class Systems......Page 222
  Caste......Page 228
  Changes In The Caste System......Page 229
  Race: A Cultural Construct......Page 231
  Ethnicity And Stratification......Page 237
  Bringing It Back Home: The Voices of New Immigrants......Page 241
  Chapter Summary......Page 242
  Key Terms......Page 243
Chapter 9: Marriage, Family, And Kinship......Page 244
 A Society Without Marriage: The Na Of China......Page 245
  Forms And Functions Of Marriage......Page 246
  Marriage Rules......Page 248
  The Exchange Of Goods And Rights In Marriage......Page 252
  Using Anthropology: Domestic Violence And The Cultural Defense......Page 255
  Family Structures, Households, And Rules Of Residence......Page 256
  Kinship Systems: Relationships Through Blood And Marriage......Page 259
  The Classification Of Kin......Page 265
  Bringing It Back Home: Caring for the Elderly......Page 266
  Chapter Summary......Page 268
  Key Terms......Page 269
Chapter 10:  Sex And Gender......Page 270
 The Hijras: An Alternative Gender In India......Page 271
  Sex And Gender As Cultural Constructs......Page 272
  Creative Expressions Of Gender: Deep Play And Masculine Identity......Page 274
  Cultural Variation In Sexual Behavior......Page 276
  Male And Female Rites Of Passage......Page 282
  Power And Prestige: Gender Stratification......Page 284
  Gender Hierarchies In Wealthy Nations......Page 291
  Bringing It Back Home: Discrimination Against Trans People in the United States......Page 293
  Chapter Summary......Page 294
  Key Terms......Page 295
Chapter 11: Religion......Page 296
 Cargo Cults......Page 297
  Characteristics Of Religion......Page 298
  Religion And Change......Page 311
  Bringing It Back Home: Fundamentalism and Religious Change......Page 316
  Chapter Summary......Page 318
  Key Terms......Page 320
Chapter 12: Creative Expression: Anthropology And The Arts......Page 321
 World Music: The Local Goes Global......Page 322
  The Arts......Page 323
  The Functions Of Art......Page 324
  Art And The Representation Of Cultural Themes......Page 327
  Art And Politics......Page 329
  Art And The Expression Of Identities......Page 333
  Art And Representations Of The Other......Page 336
  World Art......Page 339
  Bringing It Back Home: Religion, Art, and Censorship......Page 343
  Chapter Summary......Page 345
  Key Terms......Page 346
Chapter 13: Power, Conquest, And A World System......Page 347
 Veterans Of Colonial Armies......Page 348
  Making The Modern World......Page 350
  European Expansion: Motives And Methods......Page 351
  The Era Of Colonialism......Page 357
  Decolonization, Neocolonialism, And Postcolonialism......Page 369
  An Interconnected But Unstable World......Page 371
  Bringing It Back Home: The Limits of Tolerance......Page 372
  Chapter Summary......Page 374
  Key Terms......Page 375
Chapter 14: Culture, Change, And Globalization......Page 376
 The Contradictions Of Globalization......Page 377
  Development......Page 378
  Urbanization......Page 385
  Population Pressure......Page 387
  Environmental Challenges: Pollution......Page 390
  Political Instability......Page 392
  Migration......Page 395
  Bringing It Back Home: America as a Foreign Culture......Page 396
  Chapter Summary......Page 400
  Key Terms......Page 401