Culture counts: a concise introduction to cultural anthropology

Cover......Page 1
Ethnic Map......Page 2
Title......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Preface......Page 18
About the Authors......Page 25
Brief Contents......Page 7
Features Contents......Page 8
Contents......Page 9
1. What Is Anthropology And Why Should I Care?......Page 26
The Nacirema......Page 27
Specialization In Anthropology......Page 32
Anthropology And “Race”......Page 41
Why Study Anthropology......Page 42
Bringing It Back Home: The Anthropology of Violence......Page 48
Chapter Summary......Page 50
Key Terms......Page 51
2. Culture Counts......Page 52
Feral Children......Page 53
Culture Is Made Up Of Learned Behaviors......Page 57
Culture Is The Way Humans Organize The World And Use Symbols To Give It Meaning......Page 60
Culture Is An Integrated System—or Is It?......Page 64
Culture Is A Shared System Of Norms And Values—or Is It?......Page 67
Culture Is The Way Human Beings Adapt To The World......Page 70
Culture Is Constantly Changing......Page 72
Culture Counts......Page 75
Bringing It Back Home: Is There an American Culture?......Page 76
Chapter Summary......Page 77
Key Terms......Page 79
3. Doing Cultural Anthropology......Page 80
Working Among Young Offenders In Brazil......Page 81
A Little History......Page 84
Anthropological Techniques......Page 88
Changing Directions And Critical Issues In Ethnography......Page 93
Ethical Considerations In Fieldwork......Page 99
New Roles For Ethnographers......Page 102
Bringing It Back Home: Anthropologists and Human Rights......Page 104
Chapter Summary......Page 106
Key Terms......Page 108
4. Communication......Page 109
Why Don’t You Speak Good?......Page 110
The Origins And Characteristics Of Human Language......Page 111
The Structure Of Language......Page 114
Language And Culture......Page 118
Nonverbal Communication......Page 124
Language Change......Page 127
Bringing It Back Home: English Only......Page 132
Chapter Summary......Page 133
Key Terms......Page 135
5. Making A Living......Page 136
Arctic Cultures And Climate Change......Page 137
Human Adaptation, The Environment And Technology......Page 139
Major Types Of Subsistence Strategies......Page 141
Bringing It Back Home: Glabalization and Food Choice......Page 159
Chapter Summary......Page 161
Key Terms......Page 162
6. Economics......Page 163
Ultimate Dictator......Page 164
Economic Behavior......Page 165
Allocating Resources......Page 168
Organizing Labor......Page 171
Distribution: Systems Of Exchange And Consumption......Page 174
Bringing It Back Home: UX (User Experience)......Page 188
Chapter Summary......Page 190
Key Terms......Page 191
7. Political Organization......Page 192
Wealth And Power In The Asante State......Page 193
Political Processes......Page 194
Political Organization......Page 195
Types Of Political Organization......Page 197
The Emergence Of The Nation-State......Page 208
Using Anthropology: Advocating For The Chagossians......Page 212
Bringing It Back Home: Do Good Fences Make Good Neighbors?......Page 213
Chapter Summary......Page 216
Key Terms......Page 217
8. Stratification: Class, Caste, Race, And Ethnicity......Page 218
Wealth And Poverty: Global Perspectives......Page 219
Explaining Social Stratification......Page 220
Class Systems......Page 222
Caste......Page 228
Changes In The Caste System......Page 229
Race: A Cultural Construct......Page 231
Ethnicity And Stratification......Page 237
Bringing It Back Home: The Voices of New Immigrants......Page 241
Chapter Summary......Page 242
Key Terms......Page 243
9. Marriage, Family, And Kinship......Page 244
A Society Without Marriage: The Na Of China......Page 245
Forms And Functions Of Marriage......Page 246
Marriage Rules......Page 248
The Exchange Of Goods And Rights In Marriage......Page 252
Using Anthropology: Domestic Violence And The Cultural Defense......Page 255
Family Structures, Households, And Rules Of Residence......Page 256
Kinship Systems: Relationships Through Blood And Marriage......Page 259
The Classification Of Kin......Page 265
Bringing It Back Home: Caring for the Elderly......Page 266
Chapter Summary......Page 268
Key Terms......Page 269
10. Sex And Gender......Page 270
The Hijras: An Alternative Gender In India......Page 271
Sex And Gender As Cultural Constructs......Page 272
Creative Expressions Of Gender: Deep Play And Masculine Identity......Page 274
Cultural Variation In Sexual Behavior......Page 276
Male And Female Rites Of Passage......Page 282
Power And Prestige: Gender Stratification......Page 284
Gender Hierarchies In Wealthy Nations......Page 291
Bringing It Back Home: Discrimination Against Trans People in the United States......Page 293
Chapter Summary......Page 294
Key Terms......Page 295
11. Religion......Page 296
Cargo Cults......Page 297
Characteristics Of Religion......Page 298
Religion And Change......Page 311
Bringing It Back Home: Fundamentalism and Religious Change......Page 316
Chapter Summary......Page 318
Key Terms......Page 320
12. Creative Expression: Anthropology And The Arts......Page 321
World Music: The Local Goes Global......Page 322
The Arts......Page 323
The Functions Of Art......Page 324
Art And The Representation Of Cultural Themes......Page 327
Art And Politics......Page 329
Art And The Expression Of Identities......Page 333
Art And Representations Of The Other......Page 336
World Art......Page 339
Bringing It Back Home: Religion, Art, and Censorship......Page 343
Chapter Summary......Page 345
Key Terms......Page 346
13. Power, Conquest, And A World System......Page 347
Veterans Of Colonial Armies......Page 348
Making The Modern World......Page 350
European Expansion: Motives And Methods......Page 351
The Era Of Colonialism......Page 357
Decolonization, Neocolonialism, And Postcolonialism......Page 369
An Interconnected But Unstable World......Page 371
Bringing It Back Home: The Limits of Tolerance......Page 372
Chapter Summary......Page 374
Key Terms......Page 375
14. Culture, Change, And Globalization......Page 376
The Contradictions Of Globalization......Page 377
Development......Page 378
Urbanization......Page 385
Population Pressure......Page 387
Environmental Challenges: Pollution......Page 390
Political Instability......Page 392
Migration......Page 395
Bringing It Back Home: America as a Foreign Culture......Page 396
Chapter Summary......Page 400
Key Terms......Page 401
Glossary......Page 402
References......Page 408
Index......Page 429