Culturally Responsive Methodologies

Front Cover......Page 1
Culturally Responsive Methodologies......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Acknowledgements......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
List of contributors......Page 12
Foreword......Page 14
1.1. Introduction......Page 16
1.2. Positioning Our Work......Page 17
1.3. Critical Theory......Page 19
1.4. Kaupapa Māori Theory: An Indigenous Framework......Page 23
1.5. Relationships......Page 26
1.7. The Confluence......Page 28
1.8. Culturally Responsive Methodology — An Emerging Framework......Page 30
1.9. New Understandings......Page 33
1.10. The Responsive Dialogic Space......Page 36
1.11. Organization of the Book......Page 39
References......Page 42
Section I: Knowing and Understanding Self: Researcher’s Responsibility for Self-Interrogation of Personal Position Within the Research Agenda......Page 48
2.1. Introduction......Page 50
2.2. Who Am I and Where Am I Coming From?......Page 51
2.3. How Do I Position Myself When Researching with Māori?......Page 52
2.4. Why Am I so Personally Involved in All of This?......Page 55
2.5. What is My Experience and Understanding of the Māori Culture?......Page 56
2.6. Whose Voice should be Heard?......Page 61
2.7. What is My Place as a Non-Māori within a Māori Research Whānau?......Page 62
2.8. What is My Position as a Non-Māori Academic Supervising Māori Research?......Page 64
2.9. What Have I Learned from My Research Partnerships with Māori?......Page 65
References......Page 66
3. A River Connects Us: Crossing the Waters on the Foundation of Culturally Responsive and Socially Responsible Research......Page 68
3.1. Murky to Clear: My Subjectivity and Knowing My Identity......Page 73
3.2. The Upstream and Down: The Other Narrative......Page 77
3.3. The Rapids and the Calm: Preparing Yourself for the Encounter......Page 81
References......Page 82
4. Finding Clarity Amidst Murky Waters: Beginnings of a Culturally Responsive Researcher......Page 84
4.1. My Subjectivity (A Poem)......Page 85
4.2. The Journey of Self-Discovery Begins......Page 86
4.3. My Doctoral Journey......Page 88
4.4. Navigating between Dual Roles......Page 90
4.5. Building Relationships......Page 92
4.6. Compassion as a Common Factor in Building Relationships......Page 94
4.7. Humility as a Factor in Building Relationships......Page 95
4.8. Trust as a Factor in Building Relationships......Page 97
4.9. Finding My Voice......Page 99
References......Page 100
5.1. Introduction......Page 102
5.2. The Background Story......Page 105
5.3. My Own Story......Page 109
5.4. The New Story......Page 113
5.5. Conclusion......Page 116
References......Page 119
6. Deconstructing My Positivist Paradigm: Making Room for Culturally Responsive Methodology......Page 122
6.1. Who Am I? Why Do I Want to Learn Culturally Responsive Methodology?......Page 123
6.2. Critical Encounters......Page 124
6.3. Impact of the Paradigm Shifts......Page 134
6.4. Summary and Conclusions......Page 138
References......Page 139
Section II: Seeking to Collaborate, Making Connections, Developing Relationships: Understanding the Differential Power Relationships Inherent in this Process......Page 142
7.1. Introduction......Page 144
7.2. Reflections......Page 145
7.3. Kaupapa Māori: A Culturally Responsive and Socially Responsible Approach......Page 150
7.4. The Researcher......Page 153
7.5. The Participants......Page 154
7.6. Triangulating the Influences......Page 155
7.7. Conclusion......Page 159
References......Page 161
8.1. Culturally Responsive Methodology......Page 164
8.2. Self-Interrogation......Page 165
8.3. My Collage Work......Page 166
8.4. Art and Social Justice......Page 169
8.5. Differential Power Relationships......Page 170
8.6. Resisting Research That Colonizes, Exploits, or Appropriates......Page 171
8.7. Context of My Research......Page 173
8.8. Theoretical Framework......Page 174
8.9. Multiple Ways of Knowing......Page 175
8.11. Building Community......Page 176
8.12. Language, Culture, and Service to Others......Page 178
8.13. Collaborating and Creating Questions to Ask of Others and Ourselves......Page 179
8.14. Culturally Responsive Methodology as Aesthetic Experience......Page 183
8.15. Conclusion......Page 184
References......Page 185
9. A ‘‘Homegrown’’ Methodology: Cultural Intuition, Self-Trust, and Connected Knowing at Work......Page 190
9.1. A Bit of Background: Coming to Whiteness......Page 191
9.2. Coming to Culturally Responsive Methodology......Page 192
9.3. Coming to Terms......Page 194
9.4. From the Inside Out (and Back on In)......Page 198
9.5. Articulating Epistemology......Page 200
9.6. Ingredients for a Methodological Recipe......Page 202
9.7. The Recipe at Work: Homegrown Methodology in Action......Page 205
9.8. The Blasphemy of Intention......Page 206
9.9. Principles into Practice......Page 209
9.10. Continuing on the Journey......Page 210
References......Page 211
10. Humility Within Culturally Responsive Methodologies......Page 214
10.1. Humility as a Stance in Research......Page 215
10.2. Description and Context......Page 216
10.3. Waiting to Be Invited: Researcher as Visitor in Another Person’s Space......Page 217
10.4. What I Learned Once I Was There......Page 219
10.5. Respect for Roundabouts and Place......Page 220
10.6. The Pōwhiri, the Ritual of Encounter: A Space to Relate with Others......Page 221
10.7. Prominence of We over I......Page 223
10.8. Recognizing the Colonizer Within Me: A Critical Incident......Page 224
10.9. Considering Humility’s Role in Research......Page 226
10.10. Examining the Limitations of Humility......Page 229
References......Page 232
11. The River is Me and I Am the River: Principles for the Organic Māori Researcher......Page 236
11.2. A Māori Researcher......Page 237
11.3. Kaupapa Māori Research......Page 238
11.4. Narratives......Page 240
11.5. My Role within Kaupapa Māori Methodology......Page 245
11.6. Learning through Tribal Narratives......Page 246
11.8. Conclusions......Page 254
References......Page 257
12. Errant Wanderings amongst the Voices on the Margins......Page 260
12.1. In/Out/Side......Page 262
12.2. Claiming Yet Questioning......Page 263
12.3. Performing Identity Within the Community......Page 266
12.4. Culturally Responsive Research Within the Lesbian Community......Page 269
12.5. Implications/Conclusions......Page 272
Section III: Learning from each other: How we as Researchers Engaged with our Communities to Co-construct New Knowledge, to Learn, and to Contribute......Page 276
13.1. Introduction......Page 278
13.2. Research-Whānau-of-Interest: A Collaborative, Kaupapa Māori Research Approach......Page 281
13.3. Research-whānau Use of Māori Metaphors......Page 284
13.4. Case: Toitū te Whānau, Toitū te Iwi......Page 288
13.5. Reflections of a Research-Whānau......Page 297
13.6. Conclusion......Page 298
References......Page 299
14. A Culturally Responsive Methodology of Relations: Kaupapa Māori Research and the Non-Māori Researcher......Page 302
14.1. Background......Page 303
14.3. Mātauranga Māori (Māori Knowledge)......Page 304
14.4. Writing Tribal History......Page 307
14.5. Developing My Place as a Non-Māori Researcher......Page 308
14.6. Ways of Working......Page 312
14.7. Conclusions......Page 315
References......Page 316
15. Postcolonial Construction of Self: Two Immigrant Secondary Science Teachers Engaging in a Culturally Responsive Socially Responsible Study......Page 318
15.1. Deep Waters: Looking Inward......Page 319
15.2. Doing the Study the Traditional Way......Page 321
15.4. Principles of Culturally Responsive Socially Responsible Research......Page 325
15.5. Pebble in My Shoe......Page 330
15.7. Implications of Engaging in a Culturally Responsive Socially Responsible Study......Page 331
15.8. Final Thoughts......Page 332
References......Page 333
16.1. Introduction......Page 336
16.2. Purpose of the Study......Page 338
16.3. Knowing Self – The Insider/Outsider Role of the Researcher......Page 339
16.4. Methodologies......Page 342
16.5. Culturally Responsive Research Methodology......Page 343
16.6. Participants......Page 347
16.7. Research Design......Page 349
16.8. Data Gathering......Page 354
16.9. Data Analysis......Page 357
16.10. Conclusion......Page 359
References......Page 360
17.1. Prelude......Page 364
17.2. Limitations......Page 365
17.3. Falling into Me......Page 366
17.4. Taking a Culturally Responsive Method of Relations into Post-Doctoral Research......Page 368
17.5. Walking the Spiritual Path With Practical Research Feet......Page 379
17.6. Looking Down the Trail......Page 383
References......Page 384
18. Learning to Follow: An Ethnographer’s Tales of Engagement......Page 386
18.1. Following the ‘‘Other’’: Valuing the Knower......Page 387
18.2. A Counter-Frame for Research: Following Rather Than Leading......Page 390
18.3. Living Through Ethnography: A Note on Context......Page 391
18.4. Living With Ambiguity: Allowing the Research Process to Unfold......Page 394
18.5. En Familia: Relationships First......Page 397
18.6. Personal Gains: Recognizing Privilege and Seeing With Others......Page 398
References......Page 401
19.1. Discursive Positioning......Page 404
19.2. Making Sense of Discourses and Positioning......Page 405
19.3. Connecting to Research Today......Page 406
19.4. The Process of Collaborative Book Writing......Page 407
19.5. Common Themes Across the Chapters......Page 410
19.6. Discussion......Page 413
References......Page 421
About the Contributors......Page 424
Author Index......Page 430
Subject Index......Page 436