Cultural Heritage―Possibilities for Land-Centered Societal Development

Preface
Contents
Contributors
1 The Need to Preserve Cultural Heritage
	1.1 Introduction
		1.1.1 Cultural Heritage as a Driving Force Behind the Development of Regions
	1.2 Selected Cultural Heritage Preservation Initiatives
		1.2.1 Central Europe Programme (2014–2020)
		1.2.2 Citizens’ Catalogue of Historic Monuments
		1.2.3 Eat Your Way Through Edinburgh
		1.2.4 HeAT—Heritage and Threat (2015–2018)
		1.2.5 Cultural Heritage and Diversity: STEPS Project
		1.2.6 Jewish Cultural Heritage Project (2013–2017)
		1.2.7 Cultural Routes
		1.2.8 National Register of Historical Rural Landscapes
	1.3 Summary
	References
2 The Italian National Register of Historical Rural Landscapes
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 The National Register
	2.3 The Investigations
	2.4 The Major Transformations of the Rural and Forest Landscapes of Italy from Its Unification to the Present Day
		2.4.1 The Evolution of Agricultural Surfaces
		2.4.2 The Evolution of Wooded Surfaces
	2.5 The Analysis of the 123 Study Areas
	2.6 The National Observatory and the Register of Historical Rural Landscapes
	References
3 Cultural Heritage in the Region of Eastern Slovakia
	3.1 Region of Eastern Slovakia
	3.2 Slovak Wine Region Tokaj
		3.2.1 Specific Crops (Grape Varieties) in the Tokaj Region
		3.2.2 Specific Animals in the Region of Eastern Slovakia
	3.3 Traditional Cuisine
		3.3.1 Specific Recipes of Tokaj Wines
	3.4 Specific Recipes of Meat Products
		3.4.1 History of Traditional Meat Production
	3.5 Conclusion
	References
4 Agricultural and Food Heritage of the Moravian Region
	4.1 Czech Republic—Basic Characteristics and Agriculture
	4.2 Historical Changes in Animal Production and Animal Output
	4.3 Specific Animals in the Region
		4.3.1 Cattle
		4.3.2 Sheep
		4.3.3 Goat
	4.4 Traditional Crops in the Moravia Region
	4.5 Use of Ruminant Meat in Folk Cuisine of Moravia and Silesia
	4.6 Conclusion
	References
5 Wine Quality as a Part of Cultural Heritage Affected by Its Different Geographical Origins
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Material and Methods
		5.2.1 Material
		5.2.2 Methods
	5.3 Results and Discussion
	5.4 Conclusion
	References
6 Food and Meals in Czech Lands from a Cultural-Historical Perspective
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 The Development of Culinary Technology
		6.2.1 The Range of Basic Foodstuffs
		6.2.2 The Tastes and Aromas of Dishes Prepared in the Czech Lands
	6.3 Summary
	References
7 Regional Gastronomy and the Preservation of Culinary Heritage
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Famous Dishes of Polish and Regional Cuisine
	7.3 The Heritage of Krakow’s Cuisine
	7.4 The Traditional Products and Dishes of Małopolska
	7.5 Krakow—European Capital of Gastronomic Culture 2019
	7.6 Conclusion
	References
8 Ruthenian Culinary Traditions of Lemkivshchyna
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Lemko History
	8.3 The Origin of Lemko Culinary Traditions
	8.4 Cereals and Cereals-Based Products
	8.5 Potato Based Dishes
	8.6 Cabbage
	8.7 Fruits and Mushrooms
	8.8 Supplemental Plant Food Sources
	8.9 Animal Products
	8.10 Conclusion
	References
9 Genetic Uniqueness of Local Cattle Populations as Part of Homeland Heritage
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Pinzgau Cattle
	9.3 Local Population of Pinzgau Cattle in Slovakia
	9.4 Genetic Diversity of Local Populations
	9.5 Effective Population Size and Inbreeding
	9.6 Uniqueness of Slovak Pinzgau Cattle
		9.6.1 Genomic Loss of Pinzgau Cattle Demonstrated by Inbreeding
	9.7 Genomic Loss by Effective Population Size
	9.8 Genetic Uniqueness of Local Populations
	9.9 Conclusion
	References
10 Objectification of Reliability of Selected Methods of Identification and Quantification of Meat and Its Substitutes
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Meat 5.0 LCD-Array Validation
		10.2.1 Biological Material
		10.2.2 Tested Mixtures
		10.2.3 DNA Isolation
		10.2.4 PCR Products Preparation
		10.2.5 Cycler Settings
		10.2.6 Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
		10.2.7 LCD-Array Hybridization and Detection
		10.2.8 Hybridization
		10.2.9 Statistical analysis
	10.3 Results
	10.4 Validation of the innuDETECT Assay Kit
		10.4.1 Biological Material
		10.4.2 Tested Mixtures
		10.4.3 DNA Isolation
		10.4.4 RT-PCR
		10.4.5 Statistical Analysis
		10.4.6 Results
	10.5 Conclusion
	References
11 Traditional Cheeses from the Malopolska Region
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Cheeses Labeled with Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) Indication
		11.2.1 Bryndza Podhalańska
		11.2.2 Oscypek
		11.2.3 Redykołka
	11.3 Cheeses Registered in the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development’s List of Traditional Products
		11.3.1 Cheeses Included in the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development’s List of Traditional Products
		11.3.2 Other Cheeses from Malopolska
	11.4 Conclusion
	References
12 Traditional Unfermented and Fermented Liquid Milk Products from the Malopolska Region
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Milk of Polish Red Cow
	12.3 Traditional Fermented Products of Cow’s Milk Obtained in Malopolska Region
	12.4 Ewe’s Milk
	12.5 Goat’s Milk
	12.6 Żentyca—Non-fermented or Fermented Product Obtained from Ewe’s Milk
	12.7 Conclusions
	References
13 Farm Animals and Traditional Products of the Carpathian Mountains
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Carpathian Sheep
	13.3 Carpathian Goat
	13.4 Native Carpathian Cattle
	13.5 Traditional Products Obtained From Milk and Meat of Native Animals’ Breeds
	13.6 Conclusion
	References
14 Traditional Crops Cultivated in Southern Małopolska
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Historical Background and Introduction to Agricultural Production of Malopolska
	14.3 Potatoes
	14.4 Rutabaga
	14.5 Oats
	14.6 Conclusion
	References
15 Fruits of Traditional Varieties
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 Trends in Apple Processing
	15.3 Biologically Active Ingredients of Apples
	15.4 Summary
	References
16 Edible Mushrooms of the Polish Carpathians
	16.1 Introduction
	16.2 Chemical Composition of Edible Mushrooms
	16.3 Mushrooms Species in Poland and Polish Carpathian Region and Their Processing
	16.4 Summary
	References
17 Usage of wild-Growing Plants as Foodstuff
	17.1 Introduction
	17.2 Bear Garlic (Allium ursinum L.)
	17.3 White Goosefoot (Chenopodium album L.)
	17.4 Food Use of White Goosefoot
	17.5 Medicinal Use of White Goosefoot
	17.6 Garden Orache (Atriplex hortensis L.)
	17.7 Food Uses of Garden Orache
	17.8 Medicinal Uses of Garden Orache
	17.9 Conclusions
	References
18 Landscape Ecological Structure in a Suburban Area: Case Study
	18.1 Introduction
	18.2 Method
	18.3 Results
	18.4 Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
19 South African Agricultural Oenology, Viticulture, Land Ownership, and Sustainable Development
	19.1 Contemporary Land Issues in South Africa
	19.2 History of Land Alienation from Indigenous South Africans of the Western Cape
	19.3 Segregationist and Apartheid Legislation
	19.4 Farmer-Initiated Wine Projects After 1994
	19.5 Strategies for Breaking into the South African Wine Industry
	19.6 Some Especially Noteworthy Facts
	19.7 Khoisan Land Alienation and the Establishment of White Commercial Agriculture
	19.8 Wine Estates in the Post-Apartheid Period
	19.9 Wine Estate Survey Results for Farmers and Farmworkers
	19.10 Black Entrepreneurs: Backgrounds and Strategies to Acquire Wine Estates
	19.11 Some Connections with Sustainable Development
	19.12 Conclusion
	References
20 Metamorphosis of the Polish Village as a Result of Semi-Urbanisation
	20.1 Introduction
	20.2 Study Area and Methods
	20.3 Results
	20.4 Analysis of Development Along State Road 44 by Villages
	20.5 The Residential Building and Its Vicinity
	20.6 Summary
	20.7 Conclusions
	References
21 Assessment of Land-Use and Land-Cover Changes in a Rural Cultural Landscape: A Case Study of a Polish Municipality
	21.1 Introduction
	21.2 Materials and Methods
		21.2.1 Study Area
		21.2.2 Data
		21.2.3 Methods
	21.3 Results and Discussion
		21.3.1 Land-Use Changes from 2002 to 2018
		21.3.2 Land-Cover Changes from 2000 to 2018
	21.4 Conclusions
	References
22 Land Use Change and Landscapes in Rural Areas in China in Forty Years of Reform and Opening Up
	22.1 Introduction
	22.2 Land Use Characteristics in China
	22.3 Protection of Agricultural Land in China
	22.4 Land Reclamation
	22.5 Landscape Changes in the Context of Land Use
	22.6 Conclusion
	References
23 The Rural Area in Historical Cities
	23.1 European Historical Cities and the Development of Cartography
	23.2 Urban and Rural Components of the City and the Methods for Their Measuring
	23.3 Territorial Settlement Pyramid and Its Application in the Determination of the Urban Development of the City
	23.4 Conclusions
	References
24 Sustainable Economic Development and Cultural Landscapes: Some US-Poland Comparisons and Connections, with Global Context
	24.1 Introduction
	24.2 Methods
	24.3 Global Urbanization, Rural Cultural Landscapes, Two Małopolska Examples, and Two Oklahoma Examples
	24.4 Renewable Energy Sources and Fossil Fuels
	24.5 Renewables and Fossil Fuels in a Variety of Types of Social Systems
	24.6 Sustainable Development as a Mediating Value Between Economic Development and Environmental Protection/Improvement
	24.7 Renewables and Fossil Fuels Again
	24.8 Institutional Mixtures, Governance Structures, Cultural Landscapes, and Energy Sources
	24.9 Conclusions
	References
Summary