Cultural and Linguistic Diversity: Evolutionary Approaches (Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society series B)

Contents......Page 3
Introduction: cultural transmission and evolution......Page 5
Units and models of cultural transmission......Page 6
Cultural macroevolution as an inverse problem......Page 7
REFERENCES......Page 8
Introduction......Page 10
Interdemic group selection can be important when there are multiple stable equilibria......Page 11
Conformist social learning......Page 12
Interdemic group selection is probably more important in cultural than genetic evolution......Page 13
Variation in extinction rates......Page 14
Imitation of successful neighbours......Page 15
Gene-culture coevolution......Page 16
REFERENCES......Page 17
Introduction......Page 19
Kinds of units......Page 20
Hierarchies of units......Page 21
Recipes as units......Page 22
Discussion......Page 25
REFERENCES......Page 26
Introduction......Page 29
The basic framework......Page 30
Initializing and running the model along discrete time steps......Page 31
Results......Page 32
Application and further considerations......Page 33
Two measures of homology......Page 34
Applying the simulation model to study the consistency index and retention index......Page 35
Results......Page 36
Applying the results to real-world data......Page 38
REFERENCES......Page 39
The wave theory......Page 42
AGGREGATE (DIALECTOMETRIC) VARIATION......Page 43
A DIALECTOMETRIC VIEW OF GRAVITY......Page 44
Séguy's law......Page 45
Simulating diffusion......Page 47
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK......Page 48
References......Page 49
Language divergence and the real world: two models, one reality......Page 50
Network......Page 52
NeighborNet......Page 54
Measuring network versus tree signals......Page 55
Data formats: multi-state, binary or distance measures?......Page 56
State versus distance data: theory and practice......Page 58
Limitations of NeighborNet......Page 60
Why distance data work in practice: a new proposal......Page 61
Lessons for Indo-European, and for historical linguistic methodology?......Page 63
REFERENCES......Page 64
Background to the languages of Australia......Page 65
Pama-Nyungan languages and subgrouping......Page 66
Relationships between Pama-Nyungan and other Australian languages......Page 67
Prior classification......Page 68
Results and discussion......Page 69
REFERENCES......Page 72
Introduction......Page 75
Diglossia model......Page 78
Results......Page 79
Discussion......Page 80
Basic model......Page 81
Diglossia model......Page 82
REFERENCES......Page 83
Introduction......Page 85
Co-divergence......Page 86
Horizontal transfer......Page 87
Case study: the spread of weaving in iranian tribal groups......Page 88
REFERENCES......Page 92
Introduction......Page 95
Complex hunter-gatherers of the pacific northwest coast......Page 96
Materials: northwest coast housing traits......Page 97
Tree-based methods......Page 99
Network-based methods......Page 101
Branching versus blending?......Page 102
Discussion: long-houses, language and social institutions......Page 105
REFERENCES......Page 106
Introduction......Page 109
Phenetic distance networks, cladograms and neighbornets......Page 110
Previous research on the cultural relatedness of Lapita colonists......Page 111
Methodological concerns in phylogenetic analyses of Lapita motifs in Remote Oceania......Page 112
Results......Page 116
Conclusion......Page 118
REFERENCES......Page 120
Introduction......Page 123
Extinction probability......Page 125
Analysis......Page 126
Discussion......Page 127
The authors would like to thank Monique Borgerhoff Mulder and Charles Nunn for making the simulation code available. We would also like to thank Charles Nunn and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. T.E.C. was funded by NERC/ESRC Interdisciplinary Research Studentship and a JSPS Post-doctoral Fellowship. S.J.G. was supported by the Royal Society of New Zealand Marsden Fund.......Page 131
REFERENCES......Page 132
Introduction......Page 133
Tree samples......Page 134
Estimation of ancestral states......Page 135
Austronesian......Page 136
Rates of change......Page 137
Discussion......Page 139
REFERENCES......Page 140
Introduction......Page 143
The shape of cultural evolution......Page 144
The fabric of cultural evolution......Page 148
Conclusion......Page 151
REFERENCES......Page 152