CT Colonography Atlas: For the Practicing Radiologist

Copyright\nForeword\nPreface\nNormal Colon\n	Introduction\n	CT Colonography Morphology\n		General Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional CT Features of the Colonic Wall\n			Wall Thickness\n			Morphologic Key Features of the Colon Wall\n		Segments of the Colon\n	Case 1. Normal Wall Thickness of the Colon\n	Case 2. CT Morphologic Key Features of the Colon\n	Case 3. Six Segments of a Normal Colon\n	Case 4. Cecum: Triradiate Fold and Appendiceal Orifice\n	Case 5. Cecum: Normal Labial Ileocecal Valve\n	Case 6. Ascending Colon\n	Case 7. Right Flexure\n	Case 8. Transverse Colon\n	Case 9. Left Flexure\n	Case 10. Descending Colon\n	Case 11. Sigmoid Colon\n	Case 12. Rectum\n	References\nAnatomical Variants\n	Introduction\n	CT Colonography Pattern\n	Case 1. Colonic Nonrotation\n		Description\n	Case 2. Undescended Cecum with Malrotation\n		Description\n	Case 3. Medial Cecum\n		Description\n	Case 4. Chilaiditi Syndrome\n		Description\n	Case 5. Defective Fixation of the Ascending Colon\n		Description\n	Case 6. Medial Flexures and Persistence of Descending Mesocolon\n		Description\n	Case 7. Variant of Splenic Flexure\n		Description\n	Case 8. Abnormal Transverse Colon\n		Description\n	Case 9. Abnormal Transverse Colon and Flat Rectal Lesion\n		Description\n	Case 10. Paracolic Left Fossa\n		Description\n	Case 11. Movable Right Colon and Paracolic Right Fossa\n		Description\n	Case 12. Colonic Malrotation and Compression by Iliac Vessels\n		Description\n	Case 13. Colonic Compression by Ribs\n		Description\n	Case 14. Bilateral Renal Compression of the Colon\n		Description\n	Case 15. Colon Redundancy and Multiple Polyps\n		Description\n	References\nPitfalls in Imaging\n	Case 1. Preparation\n		Problem\n		Solution\n	Case 2. The Rectum\n		Problem\n		Solution\n	Case 3. Spasm\n		Problem\n		Solution\n	Case 4. Flexural Pseudotumour\n		Problem\n		Solution\n	Case 5. Segmental Mobility\n		Problem\n		Solution\n	Case 6. The Cecum\n		Problem\n		Solution\n	Case 7. Lesion Characterization\n		Problem\n		Solution\n	Case 8. Polyp Measurement\n		Problem\n		Solution\nDiverticular Disease\n	Introduction\n	CT colonography Pattern\n	Case 1. Diverticula of the Sigmoid Colon\n		Description\n	Case 2. Multiple Diverticula of the Descending (Fig.  2a) and Sigmoid Colon (Fig.  2b)\n		Description\n	Case 3. Chronic Diverticular Disease with Parietal Thickening and Stenosis (Fig.  3a, b)\n		Description\n	Case 4. Chronic Diverticular Disease with Parietal Thickening Versus Colorectal Cancer\n		Description\n	Case 5. Peridiverticular Thickening (Diverticulitis)\n		Description\n	References\nLipomatous Lesions of the Colon\n	Lipomatosis of the ICV\n	Lipomas\n	Liposarcoma\n	References\nInflammatory Bowel Diseases\n	Introduction\n	CT colonography Role in IBD\n	CT colonography Technique\n	CT colonography Pattern\n	Case 1. Ulcerative Colitis of the Rectum\n	Case 2. Ulcerative Colitis of the Rectum and Sigmoid Colon\n	Case 3. Crohn’s Disease of the Transverse Colon\n	Case 4. Crohn’s Disease of the Rectum\n	Case 5. Crohn’s Disease of the Terminal Ileum\n	References\nPolyps: Pedunculated\n	Introduction\n	Pathology\n	CT colonography Pattern\n	Case 1. Pedunculated Polyp with a Long Thin Stalk\n		Description\n	Case 2. Pedunculated Polyp with Lobulated Contours\n		Description\n		Case 3. Pedunculated Polyp with a Short Stalk\n		Description\n	Case 4. Small Pedunculated Polyp Mimicking a Sessile Polyp\n		Description\n	Case 5. Pedunculated Polyp with Curved Stalk\n		Description\n	References\nSessile Polyps\n	Introduction\n		Prevalence, Distribution, and Pathology\n	CT colonography Findings\n	Case 1. Sessile Polyp < 6 mm (Hyperplastic Polyp)\n		Description\n	Case 2. Sessile Polyp 6–9 mm (Tubular Adenoma)\n		Description\n	Case 3. Sessile Polyp ³ 10 mm (Adenoma, Regular Margins)\n		Description\n	Case 4. Sessile Polyp ³ 10 mm (Adenoma, Irregular Margins)\n		Description\n	Case 5. Multiple Polyposis\n		Description\n	Case 6. Cancerized Polyp (8 mm)\n		Description\n	Case 7. Small Sessile Cancer\n		Description\n	Case 8. Sessile Polyp Coated by Tagged Fluid\n		Description\n	Case 9. Sessile Polyp on Top of a Fold\n		Description\n	Case 10. Sessile Polyp on ICV\n		Description\n	Case 11. Pills\n		Description\n	Case 12. Hypertrophic Anal Papilla\n		Description\n	Case 13. Appendiceal Stump\n		Description\n	Case 14. Sessile Inverted Diverticulum\n		Description\nFlat Lesion\n	Introduction\n	Pathology\n	CT colonography Pattern\n	Case 1. Slightly Elevated Flat Lesion (IIa)\n		Description\n	Case 2. Flat Lesion with “Carpet-Like” Appearance or Laterally Spreading Tumor\n		Description\n	Case 3. Flat Lesion with “Cigar-Like Shape” Appearance (IIa)\n		Description\n	Case 4. Ulcerated Flat Lesion (III) with Central Depression\n		Description\n	Case 5. Slightly Elevated Flat Lesion with Depression (IIc + IIa)\n		Description\n	References\nColon Cancer\n	Introduction\n	Pathology\n	CT colonography Pattern\n	References\nRectal Cancer\n	Introduction\n		Rectal Anatomy\n		Rectal Cancer: Pathological Staging\n		Surgical Approach\n		Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Therapy\n		Radiological Staging\n	Examples of Rectal Tumours\n		T1 Rectal Tumours\n		Rectal Tumours: T2\n		Rectal Tumours: T3\n			T3 Tumours with Poor Prognostic Features\n		Rectal Tumours: T4\n	Interpretative Pitfalls\n		Heterogeneous Tumour Enhancement\n		Suboptimal Residual Fluid Tagging\n		Sigmoid Diverticulosis\n		Sigmoid Diverticulitis\n		Insufflation Tube Artefacts\n		Limitations of Endoluminal Reconstruction\n	Conclusion\n	References\nThe Ileocecal Valve\n	The Normal Ileocecal Valve\n		Situation\n		Anatomy\n		External Aspect\n		Function\n			Thorough Flow from the Small Bowel\n			Opposition to the Reflux\n	Pathology of the Ileocecal Valve\n		Tumors\n			Protruding Lesions\n				Lipoma\n				Polyps and Adenocarcinoma\n			Infiltrating Tumors\n				Neuroendocrine (Carcinoid) Tumor\n				Lymphoma\n				Adjacent Adenocarcinoma\n				Metastasis\n		Inflammatory Diseases\n			Crohn’s Disease\n			Cathartics Abuse\n		Infectious Diseases\n		Miscellaneous\n			Intussusception\n	References\nOperated Large Bowel\n	Introduction\n	Case 1. Ileocecal Resection and Ileocolic Side-to-Side Anastomosis\n	Case 2. Ileocecal Resection and Ileocolic End-to-Side Anastomosis; Crohn Recurrence\n	Case 3. Right Hemicolectomy and Ileo-Colonic End-to-Side Anastomosis; Peritoneal Recurrence\n	Case 4. Left Hemicolectomy and Colo-Colonic Side-to-Side Anastomosis; Metastatic Nodes\n	Case 5. Anterior Resection of Rectosigmoid: Colorectal End-to-End Anastomosis\n	Case 6. Anterior Resection of Rectosigmoid: Colo-Colonic Side-to-End Anastomosis; Inflammatory and Synchronous Adenomatous P...\n	Case 7. Metachronous Colonic Cancer\n	Case 8. Anastomotic Recurrence\n	Case 9. Hartmann Procedure\n	Case 10. Abdominoperineal Resection (Miles); Normal Findings\n	Case 11. Abdominoperineal Resection (Miles); Metachronous Cancer and Presacral Recurrence\n	References