Crystallization Process Systems

Cover......Page 1
Crystallization Process Systems......Page 4
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 9
Nomenclature and abbreviations......Page 12
1.1 Crystal characteristics......Page 16
1.2 Single particles......Page 22
1.3 Particle size distributions......Page 27
1.4 Packing characteristics......Page 32
1.5 Techniques for particle sizing and characterization......Page 33
1.6 Summary......Page 40
2.1 Particle-fluid hydrodynamics......Page 41
2.2 Sedimentation......Page 42
2.3 Slurries......Page 46
2.4 Fluid flow through porous media......Page 52
2.5 Suspension of settling particles by agitation......Page 58
2.6 Mixing models......Page 64
2.7 The population balance......Page 67
2.8 Summary......Page 72
3.1 Phase equilibria......Page 73
3.2 Types of crystallizer......Page 78
3.3 The mixed suspension, mixed product removal (MSMPR) crystalizer......Page 80
3.4 Population balance......Page 83
3.5 Precipitation......Page 91
3.6 Summary......Page 94
4.1 Settling tanks......Page 95
4.2 Thickeners......Page 97
4.3 Filters and filtration......Page 102
4.4 Types of filter......Page 103
4.5 Theory of filtration......Page 105
4.6 Leaf test......Page 112
4.7 Optimum cycle time during batch filtration......Page 116
4.8 Continuous rotary vacuum filtration......Page 118
4.9 Centrifuges......Page 121
4.10 Thin layer solid bowl centrifuge......Page 124
4.11 Centrifugal filtration......Page 127
4.12 Hydrocyclones......Page 129
4.14 Crystal drying......Page 131
4.15 Summary......Page 136
5.1 Crystallization and precipitation kinetics......Page 138
5.2 Nucleation......Page 139
5.3 Crystal growth......Page 140
5.4 Induction periods......Page 146
5.5 Determination of crystal growth and nucleation kinetics......Page 150
5.6 Particle breakage processes......Page 151
5.7 Prediction of product particle size distribution......Page 156
5.8 Secondary nucleation......Page 161
5.9 Summary......Page 168
6.1 Agglomerate particle form......Page 170
6.2 Colloid and surface science......Page 176
6.3 Population balance......Page 181
6.4 Agglomeration and disruption during precipitation......Page 186
6.5 Determination of precipitation kinetics......Page 190
6.6 Troubleshooting agglomeration......Page 202
6.7 Summary......Page 204
7.1 Design and performance of batch crystallizers......Page 205
7.2 Batch crystallizer design and operation......Page 207
7.3 Prediction of CSD......Page 208
7.4 Programmed cooling crystallization......Page 212
7.5 Design and performance of continuous crystallizers......Page 218
7.6 Summary......Page 228
8.1 Liquid-liquid crystallization systems......Page 230
8.2 Gas-liquid crystal precipitation......Page 246
8.3 Microcrystallizers......Page 272
8.4 Summary......Page 274
9.1 Crystallization process systems design......Page 276
9.2 Crystallization process models......Page 279
9.3 Crystalization process synthesis......Page 286
9.4 Crystallization process systems simulation......Page 292
9.5 Crystallization process instrumentation and control......Page 302
9.6 Crystallization in practice......Page 310
9.7 Summary......Page 312
References......Page 314
Author index......Page 344
Subject index......Page 352